Presidential Election Campaign Research Articles

The Persuasive Effect of Legitimation Campaign Discourse

This paper is concerned with the persuasive effect of legitimation discourse on Tanzanians’ voting decisions. It examines how former President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete and Dr Wilbroad Slaa deployed language during the 2010 presidential election campaign to elicit support from the electorate. It also looks at non-discursive/nonlinguistic factors that influenced the same decisions. The data analysed in this paper is from some of their campaign speeches, and from focus group discussions as well. In analysing the data and discussing the findings, the study draws on Theo van Leeuwen’s semantic-functional approach to critical discourse analysis (henceforth CDA). The results show that the candidates’ discursive strategies, as well as other factors such as one’s political affiliation, influenced the voting decisions of a fair number of respondents. The paper argues that this happened because most of the respondents lacked critical politico-discursive awareness, which would have opened their eyes if they had.

From Home Base to Swing States: The Evolution of Digital Advertising Strategies during the 2020 US Presidential Primary

Political advertising on digital platforms has grown dramatically in recent years as campaigns embrace new ways of targeting supporters and potential voters. We examine how political campaign dynamics have evolved in response to the growth of digital media by analyzing the advertising strategies of US presidential election campaigns during the 2020 primary cycle. To identify geographic and temporal trends, we employ regression analyses of campaign spending across nearly 600,000 advertisements published on Facebook. We show that campaigns employed a new strategy of targeting voters in candidates’ home states during the “invisible primary.” In contrast to earlier studies, we find that home state targeting is a key strategy for all campaigns, rather than just for politicians with existing political and financial networks. While all candidates advertised to their home state, those who dropped out during the invisible primary tended to spend disproportionately more than the candidates who outlasted them. We also find that as the first wave of state caucuses and primary elections approach, campaigns shift digital ad expenditures to states with early primaries such as Iowa and New Hampshire and, to a lesser extent, swing states.

THE JOURNALISTS HAS BUILT SELF MEANING: SPREADING HATE SPEECH IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2019 IN BANTEN

The current mass media industry is not the only sovereign of the source of informations. Based on technological advancements, social media exists as a blurring medium for space and time constraints in disseminating and exchanging information, but the minimal control mechanism causes content on social media is not only be positive, but also can be negative such as the spread of hate speech. Hate speech also enlivening journalist's Facebook accounts in Banten, especially during the 2019 Presidential Election campaign which tends to be a "new weapon" of social movements. This research was conducted with qualitative research methods through a phenomenological research approach. By using Social Construction Theory as a frame of qualitative analysis, it was revealed that the journalists who spread hate speech through social media Facebook interpret themselves as agents of change who do not want Indonesia to be led by the wrong leader.

JOKOWI DI DEPAN DAN BELAKANG PANGGUNG POLITIK

Indonesia reached a turning point in its implementation of eradicating corruption after the fall of the Soeharto regime in 1998. Corruption then became a sexy issue that became the commitment of politicians and public officials. Jokowi appeared and became a favorite media. In the 2014 presidential election campaign, Jokowi carried 9 Nawa Cita promises, on the 4th point containing: "rejecting weak countries by reforming the system and law enforcement that is free of corruption, with dignity, and trustworthy". Eradication of corruption in Indonesia has not been fully effective. This shows commitment to eradicating corruption and strengthening the KPK through words like what Jokowi did, only dramaturgy to deal with communication and self-image crises. Jokowi does not want to present himself as supporting the revision of the KPK Law. Jokowi seems to be with the people, united to support the strengthening of the KPK. By collecting qualitative data related to a collection of statements by President Jokowi about strengthening the KPK in a number of mass media in the 2014-2021 period, the researcher uses the Front Stage and Back Stage theories by Erving Goffman. This study explains how Jokowi uses him as head of state and also as part of the people based on the best version of himself.

Political Advertisement and Voter Behaviour during the 2019 Presidential Election in South-South Region of Nigeria

The debate on the influence of political advertisements is an ongoing one. It has been argued that political messages advertised during elections tends to change voter choice and preference of candidates during an election while others show contrary findings to the question. This study attempts to lend a voice to the debate by investigating the impact of political advertisements in voter behaviour during the 2019 general elections in South-South region of Nigeria. The study reports data from a paper-based survey (N=400) of voters in the South-South region of Nigeria. Findings uncovered that a substantial number of voters in South-South region of Nigeria were exposed to newspapers political advertisements during the 2019 presidential elections in Nigeria. Data further demonstrate that voters who reported to have been motivated to vote due to issues advertised in the newspapers by the two political parties (PDP and APC) were married, civil servants and those who factored the advertised issues in their preference for a political candidate. The study concludes that the media played an agenda setting role during the 2019 presidential election campaigns.

Image of the political leader in the context of the presidential election campaign

The article investigates the strategy of forming the image of the political leader in the context of the presidential election campaign. It points out the importance of the creation of professional images in the political activity of political leaders during their pre-electoral career. in addition, the concept of archetypes and their importance in the formation of the image of a political leader is outlined. The political images of the leaders of the presidential race of the United States of America are characterized. In the research aims to establish the meaning of the image for a political leader, the strategies of its formation and determine the prospects for future research. The methodology of the research is determined using methods of analysis, synthesis, behaviorist, systemic, structural-functional approach. It is concluded that, political imaging reveals a variety of technologies to improve speech, behavior, pronunciation of convenient words in the implementation of political activity. The lack of a thorough and complex analysis of this issue is evidenced by the fact that the number of scientific studies on the problem of political image in the context of the presidential campaign is scarce, at least in Ukraine.

Book Review: I Alone Can Fix It: Donald J. Trump’s Catastrophic Final Year, by Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker

Written by highly distinguished journalists Carol Leonnig and Philip Rucker, I Alone Can Fix It: Donald J. Trump’s Catastrophic Final Year in Office is a wide-ranging and exhaustively documented historical account of the varying events that occurred during the last year of Donald Trump’s presidency. While any compelling work on the events of a presidency is significant, this book provides groundbreaking details about important recent historical events. These events included the beginning and progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, protests related to racial injustice in the United States in the aftermath of George Floyd’s murder, the 2020 presidential election campaign, and the many ways Trump attempted to overturn the outcome of that election.

Profesjonalizm dziennikarski polskich tygodników opinii w nagłośnieniu sprawy Władimira Putina

In 2018, another presidential election campaign took place in Russia, which was covered widely all over the world. The journalists’ interest was particularly focused on the figure of Vladimir Putin — an influential politician who arouses a lot of emotions and controversy in the political debate. With such a sensitive topic, the question of journalistic professionalism arises. Therefore, it is worth investigating how issues connected to Putin were addressed on the pages of Polish opinion weekly magazines — one of the most significant sectors of the printed media in Poland. The main research hypothesis was as follows: opinion weekly magazines with a centrist ideological profile demonstrate the highest level of journalistic professionalism in the coverage of Putin. In order to verify the hypothesis, the content of the following magazines was analyzed: Do Rzeczy, Gazeta Polska, Sieci, Tygodnik Powszechny, Newsweek, Wprost, Polityka and Przegląd. Only materials published between 1 October 2017 and 31 March 2018 were selected for the research. Th is article focuses on such aspects of journalistic professionalism as: the use of journalistic sources, objectivity, factuality, journalistic style. Attributes “assigned” by journalists to the President of Russia were also analyzed. The research did not confirm the original hypothesis, as right-wing and centrist magazines were characterized by a similar approach, which was different from that of left -wing ones.

Misleading political advertising fuels incivility online: A social network analysis of 2020 U.S. presidential election campaign video comments on YouTube

In the 2020 U.S. presidential election, increasing misinformation-based political advertisements have circulated on video-sharing platforms, such as YouTube and challenged healthy political communication. This study investigates the social contagion of political incivility stemming from a misinformation-based campaign video posted by former U.S. President Donald Trump. Specifically, using dynamic network analysis and exponential random graph modeling, we explore and test three mechanisms (imitation, intergroup interaction, and reciprocity) for their role in the contagion of online political incivility. Contrary to previous findings, we show that online political incivility is not a fleeting occurrence but recurrent and sustaining given YouTube's promotional algorithms. Reciprocity is the primary mechanism that predicts the formation of uncivil politically-based interactions in YouTube comments. The findings provide implications for YouTube's content moderation mechanism and underline the need to reconsider the potential harm of promoting misinformation-based political campaigns through this platform.

The presidential election of the human body: applying contextual learning to promote connections between the student and the curricular content.

Using real-world situations to engage students in learning specific content is advocated by educational research as an effective strategy. However, motivating students to establish personal and emotional connections with the curricular content is challenging. We presented a didactic strategy named "the presidential election of the human body," created to use the presidential election context to engage students in studying cell function and structure using role-playing and appropriation of scientific concepts. Four groups of students (n = 124) of the science and mathematics teacher training program chose a cell of the human body to impersonate, they studied the biology of their cell, and they ran in a presidential election campaign. They created slogans, videos, and materials for their campaign, and on the day of the election the group of students voted for the best slogan. The didactic strategy was capable of stimulating the appropriation of the characteristics of the cells they represented. The majority (75%) of the elected candidates represented cells that are linked to the nervous system. Musicality and humor were the most frequent styles that appeared in the slogans. Students strongly agreed that they enjoyed the activity and considered it valuable for contextualizing the learning of anatomy and physiology. Thus, the activity is a didactic resource to stimulate the students to embrace the content they are learning in the contextualized momentum of a presidential election.

The Mediatization of Politics in Cameroon: A Political Actor-Centric Approach

ABSTRACT This article examines the connection between political parties’ perceptions of the importance of news media as source of political information, and the extent to which they adapt their communications to the standards, routines, formats and logic of the news media in Cameroon. This, with the objective of being attractive to the news media and gain coverage. The contextual focus of the study is the 2018 presidential election campaign in Cameroon. Theoretically, the study is guided by the mediatization of politics hypothesis. Empirically, it utilizes in-depth interviews with spokespersons of political parties which presented candidates to the election. The findings show that most parties cared very little about adapting their campaign communications to the news media logic, because they believe the news media in Cameroon have a negligible significance for election performance. Instead, political parties largely focalized their strategies on oral face-to-face rallies and door-to-door canvassing, which they perceive as more effective and efficient for reaching the electorate.

Президентские выборы в Республике Южная Осетия

The article examines the course of the 2022 presidential election campaign in the Republic of South Ossetia. The course of the campaign itself is described, portraits of the main candidates for the presidency are given. Separately, the reasons for the loss of the current president Anatoly Bibilov and the victory of Alan Gagloev are analyzed. The first steps of Gagloev at the presidential post are also considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the issue of the possibility of holding a referendum on the accession of South Ossetia to the Russian Federation. This issue is considered not only through the prism of the domestic policy of South Ossetia, but also from the standpoint of Russian policy in the Caucasus.

Трансформація цінностей українців в контексті аналізу риторики Президента України В. Зеленського

The article analyzes the impact of the rhetoric and "messages" of President of Ukraine V. Zelensky on the transformation of the values of Ukrainian society. The author paid attention to the study of the impression of V. Zelensky’s words on the self-identification of Ukrainians not only after the start of the 2019 presidential election campaign, but also earlier, during his acting career. The work analyzes individual expressions and appeals of the President for the entire period of his professional activity as an actor and as a politician, namely the President of Ukraine.Facts and will to fight are the best indicators in public opinion polls. Undoubtedly, Ukrainians today are more proud to be Ukrainians than before the full-scale invasion of the country. Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion on February 24, 2022, Zelenskyy has continued to lead the ongoing transformation of Ukrainian society. He feels his audience, takes cues from compatriots, turning these cues into "messages" or messages for all. The day after the start of the Russian aggression on the entire territory of Ukraine began on February 25, when, given the seriousness of the situation, many doubted the continuity of the government, President Zelenskyy confirmed in a video posted on his Twitter profile that he would remain in the capital, recording his words in front of the presidential office. "We are here. We are protecting Ukraine." In the early days of Russia’s February invasion – when Zelenskiy told his inner circle that "we are all here" – he made clear that his country would stand and fight. The next day, amid the complete confusion caused by the proximity of Russian troops, the United States suggested a possible evacuation. Also on Twitter, President Zelensky rejected the offer with a bold phrase: "I don’t need asylum, I need ammunition". After his first speech to the UK House of Commons on 8 March, the message was very clear: "We are not going to give up and we are not going to lose". All these expressions and phrases were already used during the war and they have a sacred meaning for Ukrainians and the definition of self-identification.

THE BIDEN ADMINISTRATION AND ARMS CONTROL

Did the Biden administration pick up at least some of the pieces of the broken liberal international order caused in some part by his predecessor Trump? Has he been acting according to his and his party’s promises during the presidential-elections campaign or has he stood by his predecessor’s decisions? And especially how much was done or “repaired” in the realm of arms control? These are the questions authors will try to answer in this paper. They will draw their conclusion by analyzing theoretical assumptions that lie behind the Trump’s and Biden’s approach toward the international institutions, including arms control, historical analysis of Trump’s legacy regarding international institutions, content analysis of Biden’s and Democratic Party’s promises and their comparison with the Republican attitudes. In assessing how much was done in the first year of Biden’s mandate in the realm of arms control, authors conclude that the results are mixed – in some cases Biden followed Trump’s decisions and in some other he completely changed the approach.

Engaging in Twitter thematic content analysis to understand the political messages of the Jokowi-Amin and Prabowo-Sandi success teams in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election

This article discusses religious and religious symbols narrated as political commodities in the 2019 presidential election on the twitter platform. The battle for narratives in the 2019 Indonesian presidential election was colored by the use of these issues on social media, this has led to increased sensitivity between religions and increasing issues of intolerance. For this reason this research has been conducted to investigate the categories of political messages narrated in tweets during the seven months of the 2019 presidential election campaign. Twitter, which was published on 23 September 2018 to 13 April 2019. based on the findings of this study, it shows that the success team of the two candidate pairs in narrating religious symbols and religious symbols is divided into 6 message categories. The message categories are Commodification of Religious Greetings, Clothing as a Religious Symbol, Title as a Religious Symbol, Salat and Nyekar as Political Commodities, An Expression of Gratitude as Political Commodities, House of Worship as a Place for Political Campaign.

Investigating effects of social endorsements on exposure to and engagement with political disagreement on social networking sites*

AbstractObjectiveSocial networking sites (SNSs) provide users with a variety of opportunities to encounter political disagreement. One important factor of the encounters with disagreement could be social endorsements because SNS users can easily engage with other people's posts via functions, such as liking and retweeting. The goal of this study is to test the hypothesis by examining the relationship between social endorsements, exposure to political disagreement (XPD), and information seeking.MethodsWe use a national survey conducted during the 2016 U.S. presidential election campaign. Ordinary least squares regression models are specified for analysis.ResultsWe find that SNS users who prefer reading political information endorsed by others are more likely to encounter political disagreement. We also find that XPD on SNSs encourages people to search for more information about the counter‐attitudinal posts, especially when the encountered disagreement is perceived to have good arguments and rationales.ConclusionOverall, social endorsement enhances the probability of XPD on SNSs. This in turn facilitates individuals’ search for more information, an important feature in democracy.

Публичната реч като лингвистично предизвикателство пред преводача и чуждоезиковото обучение

The current article examines Bulgarian public political speech as a challenge for the professional translators and as a series of political messages addressed to young people who study at higher educational institutions in Bulgaria. The article analyses the perception of clichéd constructions as well as the models of speech aggression which are widely practiced in different discussion formats such as election campaign debates, parliamentary control, public debates on TV where important public issues are discussed. The observations on the presidential election campaign in 2021 are also presented as well as the perception of the political messages by the nominees. The main conclusion from the scientific study shows that both Bulgarians and foreigners face problems with the grammatically correct sentence constructions behind which there is a minimum of information. The study also confirms the hypothesis that foreign students in Bulgaria recognize a number of common features between the political speech in our country and in their home countries. The clichés and the speech aggression are present in the global political speech as a component which defines the models of public speech and Bulgaria is no exception from that. A similar conclusion can be made about the interconnection between political and journalistic speech where the following common speech features can be recognized: inability to listen to the interlocutor; politicians slide over journalistic questions; the “self” overexposure, etc.

Historical formation of Islamist ideology in Indonesia: the role of the Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council (DDII)

ABSTRACT Since the demise of Suharto’s New Order in 1998, many observers have noted the growing influence of political Islam in Indonesia, despite its peripheral presence in national politics. A notable development was an unprecedented surge in the influence of Islamists during the 2019 presidential election campaign, many of whom were known for their intolerance of religious minorities. What ideological appeal drove Islamists into unprecedented collective action for the first time since 1998? This paper sheds light on the historical trajectory of the Masyumi and an organization called Dewan Da’wah Islamiyah Indonesia (the Indonesian Islamic Propagation Council). More specifically, via an analysis of their discursive efforts, it shows that rather than sectarian exclusivism which has long characterized political Islam in Indonesia, historically embedded anti-authoritarian efforts developed by their predecessors during the Sukarno and Suharto regime have enabled Islamists to engage in collective actions and attract the support of many ordinary Muslims. However, such collective action will not last because they have lost the shared aspirations of their predecessors for an alternative political system.

Gender Performativity and Conceptual Metaphors in the Presidential Campaign Discourse: A case study from Georgia

Gender Performativity defines politicians’ verbal repertoire in accordance with the social context and expectations. Social actors construct their identities in the discourse through the work of words. Conceptual metaphors are supposed to be the cognitive models of linguistic metaphoric expressions manifested in the political discourse which tend to play a significant role in the social construction of gender. The present study focuses on the use of metaphors in two presidential candidates’ (Salome Zurabishvili and Grigol Vashadze) English interviews made during 2018 presidential election campaign in Georgia. Conceptual Metaphors: Politics is Journey, Politics is Sport and Politics is War are investigated in Salome Zurabishvili’s and Grigol Vashadze’s political speeches. The metaphoric choices the politicians make are socially determined and later on ascribed to their gender which may not be as binary as it is traditionally perceived. In today’s competitive world of politics women tend to manifest their agency through the language which is rendered masculine. Therefore, critical discourse analysis (CDA) is applied to investigate the discursive construction of gender and agency through conceptual metaphors.

Media image of Ukraine

A positive image of the country on the international arena enables the state to pursue an active foreign policy, attract investment and tourist flows, and increase its prestige in the world. A positive political, economic, social, and cultural reputation in the world is very important for Ukraine, which is in a state of political crisis, military conflict in the East of the country, and at the same time has declared to uphold the European values and is aimed at joining the EU and the NATO. Ukraine is an attractive source of news in shaping the agenda of influential European media. In 2019, the catalyst of interest was the events of the presidential election campaign. This is one of the fateful periods of the country’s struggle for independence and democracy. The political course of the country in the international arena depends on the results of the will expression, which may indirectly affect the geopolitical landscape of Europe. Based on the content analysis of The Telegraph, The Guardian (UK); Die Zeit, Die Tageszeitung (Germany); Le Figaro, Le Monde (France) defined the semantic structure and emotional and evaluative tone of the media image of Ukraine.