President Of Taiwan Research Articles

An Evaluation of the Trade Outcomes between Taiwan and Malaysia under the New Southbound Policy (NSP)

Upon assuming office in 2016, Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen’s administration revitalized the Southbound Policy (SP), rebranding it as the New Southbound Policy (NSP). While both the SP and NSP share a common objective — to reduce Taiwan’s heavy reliance on the Chinese market — the NSP, unlike its predecessor, places a dual emphasis on enhancing economic ties and concurrently spreading Taiwan’s soft power across the designated markets. Despite being one of the target markets under the NSP, Malaysia did not consistently experience a surge in the proportion of Taiwan’s total trade volume as a result of the policy. This paper aims to assess the performance of Taiwan-Malaysia trades in the context of NSP initiatives and elucidate how the soft power that Taiwan has implemented in Malaysia since the 1950s contributed to such an outcome. The trading outcomes between Taiwan and Malaysia indicate that Taiwan did not receive substantial support from the entities it targeted with its soft power initiatives. This suggests that the China complex within the Chinese ethnic population in Malaysia is challenging to uproot due to their historical and cultural ties with China. Keywords: New Southbound Policy, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, soft power

Experiential and Interpersonal Meanings in Women Leader’s Discourses on Covid-19: A Case on Jacinda Ardern and Tsai Ing-wen

This article aimed to study Experiential and Interpersonal Meaning which was found in the discourses of the New Zealand Prime Minister. Jacinda Ardern on March, 23rd 2020, and President of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-wen on January, 30th 2020 related to covid-19. The objective of this study is to discover Experiential and Interpersonal Meaning in the discourse analysis context. This present study tried to highlight the best method to adopt for this investigation by employing the four steps proposed by Miles, Huberman, and Sadana's qualitative research method (2014), i.e., data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The results of the study showed that the Material process was prominent in the Experiential Meaning in discourses by 67.23%, The elements of participant's material process in participants were dominant by 54.61%, and location (27.435) was prominent in circumstances elements. Meanwhile, Subject was prominent in the Interpersonal Meaning in Mood Types by 52.47%, and Predicator (52.01%) was dominant in Residue Types. These highlighted how we can learn from these two female leaders in delivering suggestions, reminders, and persuading society during this Covid 19 pandemic.

Gender Matters in Tsai Ing-wen’s First Term: The First Woman President, the Cabinet Appointments, and Same-Sex Marriage in Taiwan

Tsai Ing-wen was elected as the first woman president of Taiwan in 2016 and re-elected in 2020. Did the prospect of “the first woman president” shape the expectations of the changes she may bring about regarding women and lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) rights? Analyzing 35 in-depth elite interviews, this paper demonstrates Tsai’s campaign did not benefit much from “the first woman” slogan, her cabinet included fewer women than her predecessors’, and she could not proactively push for marriage equality after the elections. Tsai’s case illuminates the constraints women leaders face in promoting representation for marginalized groups.

Leading by Example: The Work of Minister K. K. Shailaja of Kerala State, India in Combating COVID-19

In recent months, much public attention has been given to the women leaders of developed countries who have done well in containing the coronavirus and ensuring a low rate of infection and death. Such leaders include Jacinda Ardern, Prime Minister of New Zealand; Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany; Erna Solberg, Prime Minister of Norway; Katrin Jacobsdottir, Prime Minister of Iceland; Sanna Marin, Prime Minister of Finland; and Tsai Ing-wen, President of Taiwan. In addition to their own expertise, these leaders have been fortunate in being able to rely on the support of well-trained public officials and scientists, adequate financial resources, and well-equipped health facilities. Little has been written, however, about women leaders from developing countries who are trying hard to contain the pandemic. Sadly, in Africa, a continent with 54 states, only Namibia and Togo have women prime ministers, while the only African woman president hails from Ethiopia.This paper briefly examines the work of K.K. Shailaja, Minister of Health and Social Welfare of the state of Kerala in India, and proposes how lessons from her work could be useful for other parts of the developing world, especially in Africa.

The Golden Age of China-Taiwan Relations: The Explanation and Its Future

The past eight years since 2008 under the leadership of Ma Ying-jeou, the relations between China and Taiwan have been experiencing the golden age. By cooperating in many sectors, like economic partnership; social interactions; tourism and some political dialogues, both countries have been building a good relationship between them. Looking back to the past, China and Taiwan have a long series of conflicts, which ended in the Chinese Civil War 1949 with the victory of the Chinese Communist party which has now become the People’s Republic of China. Meanwhile, its opposing democratic party has now become the Republic of China (Taiwan). Since then, China and Taiwan’s relations have been on a standstill Ma Yingjeou rose to power as the president of Taiwan. By using the concept of Economic Interdependence and Conflict in World Politics by Mark J.C. Crescenzi, this paper aims to explain how the golden age of China-Taiwan relations have been going on in the past eight years up until now, as well as the future of the relations itself under the new president of Taiwan, Tsai Ing-we. This paper has the following research question: how has the good relation between China and Taiwan been built since 2008, considering their previously severed relations in the past?

Domestic Politics and Cross-Strait Relations: A Synthetic Perspective

This study examines the association between political competition (elections in Taiwan and political successions in China) and cross-Strait conflicts. We find that the Taiwan president has been more assertive toward mainland China during the election period or in his second term, than during the inter-electoral period or in the first term. The general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) reacts to Taiwan’s provocations more harshly when he was in a period of power transition than when he had consolidated power. The two phenomena rest on the same assumption: when a political leader is domestically challenged, he cannot appear weak in external behaviors; when the leader is secure in his position, he can afford to make external concessions. We test the assumption against the empirical evidence from the cross-Strait relations of 1989–2012 and find the most serious conflicts occurred during Taiwan’s electoral period and when the CCP general secretary was in power transition. The study advances our understanding of how conflicts occur in cross-Strait relations and may lead to possible ways of their prevention.

How Taiwan Stands Up to China

In January 2020, Taiwan's President Tsai Ing-wen won reelection with a commanding 57 percent of the vote. The result was a setback for China's Taiwan policy under Xi Jinping, and it demonstrated the impressive resilience of Taiwan's democracy in the face of a relentless pressure campaign from Beijing. These elections illustrated a paradox: Taiwan's economy is deeply entwined with the Chinese mainland's, yet Taiwan has proved especially resistant to Chinese Communist Party (CCP) influence operations. The surprising reversals in the 2020 race suggest that the CCP still struggles to understand how best to influence public opinion in Taiwan.

Accounting for the Recent Uptick in US–Taiwan Relations

This article assesses the Donald J Trump administration’s pursuit of closer relations with Taiwan beginning in March 2018, which some observers labelled as “playing the Taiwan card”. The US trade dispute with China was the backdrop. Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen and her party exaggerated the significance of this as they head towards an election in January 2020. It was uncertain, however, how lasting US policies might be and if the trend would continue if and when the trade war ended.

Asymmetric risk impacts of Chinese tourists to Taiwan

AbstractSince 2008, when Taiwan's President Ma Ying‐Jeou relaxed the Cross‐Strait policy, China has become Taiwan's largest source of international tourism. In order to understand the risk persistence of Chinese tourists, the paper investigates the short‐run and long‐run persistence of shocks to the change rate of Chinese tourists to Taiwan, which is a novel empirical analysis. The daily data used for the empirical analysis are from January 1, 2013, to February 28, 2018. McAleer's fundamental equation in tourism finance is used to link the change rate of tourist arrivals and the change in tourist revenues. Three widely used univariate conditional volatility models, namely, GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1), and EGARCH(1,1), are used to measure the short‐run and long‐run persistence of shocks, as well as symmetric, asymmetric, and leverage effects. Three different heterogeneous autoregressive (HAR) models, HAR(1), HAR(1,7) and HAR(1,7,28), are considered as alternative mean equations for capturing a variety of long memory effects. The mean equations associated with GARCH(1,1), GJR(1,1), and EGARCH(1,1) are used to analyze the risk persistence of the change in Chinese tourists. The exponential smoothing process is used to adjust the seasonality around the trend in Chinese tourists. The empirical results show asymmetric impacts of positive and negative shocks on the volatility of the change in the number of group‐type and medical‐type tourists, whereas individual‐type tourists display a symmetric volatility pattern. Somewhat unusually, leverage effects are observed in EGARCH for medical‐type tourists, which shows a negative correlation between shocks in tourist numbers and the subsequent shocks to volatility. For both group‐type and medical‐type tourists, the asymmetric impacts on volatility show that negative shocks have larger effects than do positive shocks. The leverage effect in EGARCH for medical‐type tourists implies that larger shocks would decrease volatility in the change in the numbers of medical‐type tourists. These novel empirical results suggest that Taiwan's tourism authorities should act to prevent the negative shocks for the group‐type and medical‐type Chinese tourists to dampen the shocks that arise from having fewer Chinese tourists to Taiwan.

TINDAK TUTUR DALAM EMPAT PIDATO SAMBUTAN PRESIDEN TAIWAN CAI YINGWEN

Abstract: This research aims to identify the illocutionary acts in non-campaign speeches of the president of Taiwan, Cai Yingwen. Four speeches under the themes cross-strait and gender equality were investigated using a qualitative method. Fifty sentences were selected as data analysis, and the illocutionary acts in each sentence were identified based on Searle’s five basic categories of illocutionary act. The result shows that the opening parts of Cai speeches are moderately various contains expressive, such as thanking and congratulating, and representatives such as stating a fact, the body parts are generally dominated by representatives (stating), and the closing parts are dominated by directives such as request and order.

The U.S.-Taiwan Commercial Relationship: Moving toward a Free Trade Agreement?

The U.S.-Taiwan Commercial Relationship:Moving toward a Free Trade Agreement? Scott L. Kastner (bio) The past few years have been a golden age for the U.S.-Taiwan relationship. Security cooperation between Washington and Taipei has deepened, the U.S. Congress has passed legislation such as the Taiwan Travel Act that codifies closer ties, the American Institute in Taiwan has opened a huge new facility in Taipei, and the United States has approved extended stopover visits by Taiwan's president, including in New York City. Now, many in both Washington and Taipei argue that the two sides should seek similar advances in the bilateral economic relationship by opening negotiations on a U.S.-Taiwan free trade agreement (FTA). Some members of Congress have been outspoken in support of a bilateral FTA, and the Senate version of the Taiwan Assurance Act introduced in 2019 sets this as a goal.1 Likewise, a growing number of U.S. observers have advocated for a bilateral FTA.2 As for Taiwan's position on this issue, President Tsai Ing-wen views a U.S.-Taiwan FTA as an important priority.3 This essay argues that the United States and Taiwan should begin to negotiate a bilateral FTA. Although U.S.-Taiwan economic relations have been mostly amicable, the relationship has been characterized by a number of persistent disagreements. An FTA would offer the opportunity to resolve these disagreements and would help prevent the marginalization of Taiwan—widely viewed in Washington as an important strategic partner—in a region increasingly characterized by bilateral and multilateral FTAs that Taiwan has been unable to join. [End Page 4] U.S.-Taiwan Commercial Relations Despite the island's relatively small population of around 24 million people, Taiwan was the United States' eleventh-largest merchandise trading partner in 2018. Total bilateral trade in goods stood at $76 billion in 2018, with the United States running a bilateral deficit of $16 billion. Although substantial, these numbers represent only 1.8% of total U.S. trade and indeed suggest that Taiwan has become a less important trading partner than it was in the past. During the late 1980s, for instance, Taiwan was the sixth-largest trading partner of the United States, and it stood as the eighth-largest trading partner into the 2000s.4 It is worth emphasizing, however, that official trade statistics understate the actual scale of the current U.S.-Taiwan commercial relationship by a considerable amount. Taiwanese manufacturers, since the 1990s, have moved a substantial portion of their production facilities to China, in large part to take advantage of lower labor costs there. Important component parts often originate in Taiwan or elsewhere and are imported into China for assembly. The final products are then exported abroad. Taiwan firms reported export orders from the United States of $146 billion in 2018, which was nearly triple the value of U.S. imports from Taiwan in that year. Many of these goods were assembled in and exported from China, meaning they are counted as Chinese exports to the United States (even when they are manufactured by Taiwanese companies and include, in some cases, substantial inputs originating from Taiwan).5 The current U.S.-China trade war has potentially large implications for commercial ties between the United States and Taiwan. The American Chamber of Commerce in Taiwan notes that the trade war is already causing some Taiwanese manufacturers to consider relocating production back to Taiwan.6 If the conflict continues to escalate, the number of firms considering moving facilities back to the island is likely to grow. Even if [End Page 5] a settlement is reached, the Trump administration's erratic approach to U.S.-China trade, coupled with a more generally adversarial relationship that will likely remain uneasy regardless of who wins the U.S. presidential election in 2020, generates considerable uncertainty for Taiwanese companies with significant operations in China. This uncertainty, in turn, will likely push more firms that depend heavily on U.S. exports to move operations out of China—either back to Taiwan or elsewhere. Managing Disagreements Given that the U.S.-Taiwan economic relationship is quite extensive, it is not surprisingly sometimes characterized by points...

Would you change your mind? An empirical study of social impact theory on Facebook

The purpose of this research is to investigate how attitude change happens on social media and explore the factors key to persuasion. We apply social impact theory to investigate the effects of persuader immediacy or relationship closeness, message persuasiveness, and perceived supportiveness on attitude change on Facebook. Using 2016 Taiwan President election as the backdrop, 313 Taiwan President election voters were invited to participate in the survey. Results show that persuader immediacy is not significantly related to attitude change or attitude maintenance, while message persuasiveness and supportiveness are significantly related to both attitude change and maintenance, which in turn, predict one’s intentions to vote for the opposite political camp.

Turbulence in the Taiwan Strait

The election of Tsai Ing-wen as president of Taiwan by an electorate increasingly inclined towards independence has made Beijing less tolerant of strategic ambiguity and more apt to attempt to impose reunification. Washington may need to undertake more proactive diplomacy to stave off a military confrontation.

Presidential approval in Taiwan: An analysis of survey data in the Ma Ying-jeou presidency

Presidential popularity is the “causal agent” of presidential effectiveness. High approval ratings mean more power and greater ability to govern. Taiwan's President Ma Ying-jeou enjoyed high approval ratings when he was elected in 2008, but his popularity declined rapidly soon after, to about 14%. How do Taiwan citizens evaluate their presidents? What factors help to explain the Ma's declining popularity during his presidency? Consistent with conventional wisdom, this study finds that the country's overall economic conditions play a vital role in the popularity of Taiwan's president. Closely following is citizens' evaluation of the president's ability in managing cross-Strait relationship, national defense, and diplomacy. Ma's staffing of key cabinet positions has also had an effect on his popularity, which is unusual in the study of presidential approval. The personal integrity of the president, a trait that Ma has emphasized strongly, has not had a positive effect on his declining popularity in Taiwan.

Cross-Strait Relations at a Crossroad: Impasse or Breakthrough?

EDITOR'S NOTEThe 1992 Consensus on “one China with different interpretations” is an artful and ambiguous formulation that has served both Beijing and Taipei as the basis for stability in the Taiwan Strait ever since Ying-jeou Ma became Taiwan's President in 2008.Ma unveiled this concept in the early 2000s. At a time when he was Mayor of Taipei, he travelled six thousand miles across the Pacific to be present at an NCAFP trilateral conference on Cross-Strait relations where he unveiled the concept.During subsequent years in NCAFP conferences with China and Taiwan and trips to both sides of the Strait, the concept of basing dialogue on the “'92 Consensus” was regularly discussed in depth by all three parties. The formula had picked up growing support in China and Taiwan, albeit with different nuanced interpretations, by the time of Ma's inauguration as Taiwan President in 2008. It became the basis for Cross-Strait dialogues and negotiations that have produced dramatic progress in economic and cultural ties ...

Cross-Strait Relations under the Ma Ying-jeou administration: From Economic to Political Dependence?

The purpose of this paper is to outline the characteristics of Cross-Strait relations under the Ma Ying-jeou administration between 2008 and the middle of 2015. Ma Ying-jeou was first elected as the president of Taiwan in 2008 and was reelected in 2012. During these four years, he eased the tension between Mainland China and Taiwan, which had heightened during the time of the Chen Shuibian administration; restored and institutionalized a semiofficial channel of communications between Mainland China and Taiwan; and brokered various successful agreements focusing on the economy and other practical areas. As conclusion, this paper outlined the structural changes that have occurred in Cross-Strait relations due to the policy shifts by the Ma Ying-jeou administration of Taiwan. First, the Ma Ying-jeou administration's conciliatory policies toward China promoted the stabilization and institutionalization of Cross-Strait relations through the manipulation of the definition of “one China.” Second, despite the peaceful development of Cross-Strait relations that has taken place due to the policy shifts of the Ma Ying-jeou administration and the Hu Jintao administration, China has not compromised its core principles on sovereignty with regard to Taiwan. Third, Taiwanese self-identity has grown due to increased social contact between the peoples of Mainland China. Fourth, Ma Ying-jeou's failure was that, amid Taiwan's growing economic dependence on China, he was too quick to realize political accord with China. Economic changes inevitably cause political changes, and economic dependence can create political dependence. The results of the policy shifts of the Ma Ying-jeou administration had once made a summit between Beijing and Taipei a possibility. But repercussion from Taiwanese society is growing. Regardless of which party takes power in 2016, Cross-Strait relations may set off on a different path.

Taiwan’s science miracle

In the past two decades, a flourishing economy and maturing infrastructure have Taiwanese physicists both staying home more and engaging internationally.

Mackay's unburnt legacy: heroes-rescue-Aborigines organizing narratives in the exhibiting of Taiwan Aboriginal artefacts

This paper is a case study of this 2001 exhibition in Taipei entitled ‘Treasures Preserved Abroad: the Dr. Mackay Collection of Formosan Aboriginal Artefacts.’ These Royal Ontario Museum owned Taiwan Aboriginal artefacts were originally collected in the late 1800s by the Canadian Presbyterian missionary George Leslie Mackay (1844–1901). The exhibition honoured the centennial of Mackay's death, because Mackay has become something of a modernizing hero to Taiwanese nationalists. The exhibition opened on 2 June 2001 with a nationally televised opening ceremony featuring former Taiwan President Lee Teng-hui and other VIPs. This rescue narrative was used despite Mackay's accounts of burning the non-Christian religious objects of converted Pingpu Aborigines, which he referred to as “paraphernalia of idol worship” and his ethnocentric denigration of Atayal Aboriginal culture in his 1896 book “From Far Formosa.” Utilizing theoretical approaches from organizational communications, the paper shows how organizing narratives about rescuing Aborigines involve modernizing heroes assisting Aborigines with various difficulties or threats. These rescue narratives allow coordination among disparate agents and personnel who as micro actors speak on behalf of macro actors such as the nation or Aboriginal peoples. The exhibition was translated into several other institutional narratives including Canada nation branding, Taiwan government informal diplomacy, and corporate public relations. The article concludes with an analysis of how York University Centre for Asian Research-affiliated academics used the Mackay hero-rescues-Aborigines narratives to organize the permanent display of the artefacts at the Royal Ontario Museum.

Ma Ying-jeou's re-election: implications for Taiwan and East Asia

Ma Ying-jeou's re-election means that there will not be a leadership change in Taiwan, but it still has significant implications. It forces the opposition Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to work out a succession for itself and confront the political reality that it must now persuade voters in Taiwan that it can manage relations with mainland China effectively in order to win the presidency again. It also requires Ma to define clearly the limits of his mainland policy in order to minimize Beijing's expectations of his second term, as no president of Taiwan can agree to move towards political integration without a popular mandate. On its part, Beijing has taken on board the significance of Taiwan's electoral cycle for managing cross-Strait ties and will put pressure on Ma to move forward over political integration and thus reduce the scope for a future DPP administration to reverse course. This notwithstanding, Beijing's Taiwan policy will ultimately be determined more by the result of the leadership succession in mainland China itself in the autumn of 2012. For USA and East Asia, Ma's re-election is a positive development as it minimizes the risk of a confrontation or a crisis across the Taiwan Strait. But it will not remove the main problems they have with China that are Taiwan related. For USA, arms sales to Taiwan will still be needed and will remain a source of tension with Beijing. For Southeast Asia, stability across the Taiwan Strait implies that Beijing can devote more attention and resources to the South China Sea territorial disputes and that it is likely to behave in a more assertive way.

Impact of ECFA on Trend of Exchange Rate between NTD and RMB Based on Grey Prediction Model

Beginning from 2001 in which both Taiwan and China joined World Trade Organization (WTO), a large number of Taiwanese manufacturers have moved their plants across Taiwan Straight to China in search for cheaper labor force regardless of the political tensions between two countries. With the gradual easing of cross-strait political tension after the inauguration of pro-China president of Taiwan, the Taiwan Government starting from 2009 has been promoting the "Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement" (ECFA) through which the government claims the cross-strait economic and trade relations could be further enhanced and Taiwan could avoid being “marginalized” from the regional economic system. Additionally, as the two countries gradually lift restrictions on the investment and remove tariff barriers the cross-strait economic is bound to be more closely and the trade exchanges are set to skyrocket. However, since the bilateral trade or investment is generally through the U.S. dollar the fluctuation in currency exchange rate may serve as one of the important factors when the business makes the investment decision. Therefore, this paper applies Grey prediction method of Grey theory to the forecast of the exchange rate between NT dollar and RMB on which Taiwan enterprises could depend when formulating their investment strategies of investing more in China or Taiwan.