Preservation Solution Research Articles

A novel non-invasive multi-target stool DNA methylation assay for early detection of gastrointestinal cancers.

41 Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers accounts for one-third of the world’s cancer burden. Liquid biopsies such as SEPT9 methylation and Cologuard have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), but not for other GI cancers. In addition, although CancerSEEK can be employed in the detecting of multiple GI cancers, it has low sensitivity and without localization. Stool is a promising sample for GI cancer detection because it contains the host’s exfoliated cells and circulating free DNA derived from GI cancer cells. Thus, we aimed to develop a sensitive and non-invasive multi-target stool DNA methylation test for early detection and localization of GI cancers. Methods: We prospectively enrolled 124 patients histologically diagnosed with GI cancer without treatment and 92 healthy controls who underwent GI cancer-related examinations every 3 years. Stool DNA was extracted from the supernatant of a mixture containing 5 g fresh stool and 25 ml preservative solution using the stool DNA extraction kit. The samples were subjected to bisulfite conversion using the EZ DNA Methylation Kit, and the treated with stool DNA multi-target methylation assay kit to detect the methylation levels of 3 target regions of stool DNA (PDX1, COL4A2-1, and FGF5) with qPCR. Based on the guidelines of the protocol, positive result was defined as ΔCt value (ΔCt = Ct (target gene) - Ct (GAPDH))＜10 for any three genes. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) models for single GI cancers were constructed including the ΔCt value of each gene to adjust for tissue of origin (TOO) of GI cancers. This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (2021-KZ-138-03). Results: Overall, 98 of 124 patients (79%) tested positive, and 88 of 92 healthy controls (96%) tested negative. For each GI cancer type, the positivity rates were 71%, 83%, 75%, 81% and 91% for CRC (24/34), gastric cancer (GC, 19/23), esophageal cancer (EC, 18/24), pancreatic cancer (PC, 17/21) and ampullary cancer (AC, 20/22), respectively. Interestingly, among 4 positive healthy controls, 3 were diagnosed as advanced adenomas and one case was a pregnant woman. For the MLR model, the sensitivity of CRC was 88% (30/34), that of GC was 91% (21/23), EC was 88% (21/24), PC was 90% (19/21), and AC was 95% (21/22). Conclusions: The multi-target stool DNA methylation assay allowed early and accurate detection and identification of tissue of origin of GI cancers. [Table: see text]

Privacy-Preserving Proxy Re-Encryption With Decentralized Trust Management for MEC-Empowered VANETs

Multi-access edge computing (MEC) technology is widely deployed at the edge of Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANETs) to enhance their communication and computational capabilities. However, existing security and privacy preservation solutions for MEC applications in VANETs face several challenges, such as the risk of privacy exposure of vehicle authentication, increased overhead due to cryptographic algorithms, as well as resource occupation and malicious attacks on edge servers. In this paper, we propose an aggregated security solution for the confidential, efficient, and trustworthy sharing of data while safeguarding the privacy of vehicle identities. Firstly, we present a broadcast proxy re-encryption scheme based on cubic spline interpolation that ensures the security of the VANET system and the identity privacy of large-scale vehicles. The re-encryption system is designed to prioritize the reduction of re-encryption computation time rather than focusing on the sizes of re-encryption keys and ciphertexts. We further model the aggregation overhead in terms of communication and computation. Additionally, we propose an efficient protocol based on Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (PBFT) consensus to facilitate decentralized trust management for edge proxy servers. Our security analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme satisfies the security and confidentiality requirements for data sharing in VANETs. Finally, we provide extensive simulations that reveal the performance and effectiveness of our solution.

How to use live sampling tissues and archived specimens in cetacean stable isotope research

Cetaceans are unique ecological engineers, and their restoration may have a crucial impact on the future structure of aquatic ecosystems, which calls for more investigations into their trophic ecology. Among current techniques, stable isotope analysis (SIA) has the advantages of non-invasive sampling and long timescales. However, the full benefits of SIA in cetacean research may not be achieved due to issues like different types of tissue between sampling methods and use of chemical preservation solutions in historical specimens. To address these challenges, we conducted a study on Narrow-ridged Finless Porpoises (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis). Multiple tissues from freshwater and marine subspecies, as well as tissues preserved using different solutions such as ethanol and formalin were collected for SIA. Linear mixed effects models were used for data analysis. Our results showed that, except for blubber, kidney, and stomach, differences between other tissues were correctable. In tissues from live sampling, we found no significant difference between blood and muscle, and skin could also be used for isotope analysis after proper correction. Ethanol preservation caused significant positive changes in δ13C and δ15N values of muscle, while formalin preservation caused negative changes in δ13C and δ15N. Our findings provide valuable insight into unifying data from stranded carcasses and live sampling, as well as correcting for the effect of chemical preservation on museum specimens. Findings from this research support further application of stable isotope analysis in the conservation of endangered finless porpoises, offer a reference for other similar cetaceans, and also provide guidance for chemical preservation when freezing conditions are not available.

Microbiota and sensorial attributes of buffalo meat stored under vacuum packaging: combined impact of marination, citrox and oregano essential oil

ABSTRACT The demand for marinated meat and natural antimicrobials has increased in the last decade. This study aimed to examine the antimicrobial and sensorial effects of natural citrox (0.2% v/w) and oregano essential oil (0.1% v/w) or their combination on marinated buffalo meat stored under vacuum at two storage conditions of 4°C and 12°C. In the control (without marinade), the population of all the spoilage microorganisms increased by 3.8–6.3 and 4.5–6.3 log cfu/g, at 4 and 12°C, respectively, during storage. On the last day of storage, at both 4 and 12°C, the spoilage microorganisms’ populations were lower for the marinated meat (without citrox and EO) by 1–2 log cfu/g (based on microorganism type) compared to its unmarinated counterpart. The combination of citrox and oregano essential oil (EO) resulted in decreases of 3.0–6.8 and 3.2–6.8 log cfu/g for mesophilic aerobic bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterobacteriaceae, and yeasts, at 4 and 12°C, respectively. The pH values of the treatments with citrox and oregano EO followed a steadily decreasing (P < .05) trend during storage. The recorded sensory data supported that meat marinated with those 2 natural antimicrobials led to a buffalo meat of acceptable quality. Marinade combined with citrox and oregano EO can provide a potential not previously studied solution for buffalo meat preservation.

Effect of Melatonin on Increasing the Effectiveness of Liver Preservation Solution.

Various tissue preservation solutions are used during the removal of the organ and during transplantation to protect the normal histological and biochemical characteristics of tissue while performing a successful liver transplant. In our study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of intraperitoneal melatonin administration on liver preservation damage before transplantation. In our study, the histological and biochemical characteristics of University of Wisconsin+melatonin group rats treated with melatonin 45 minutes before hepatectomy were compared between serum physiologic group and University of Wisconsin group. When hematoxylin and eosin staining was evaluated in terms of hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte necrosis, there was no statistically significant difference. Caspase 3 immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in Caspase 3 immunoreactivity positivity at the 12th-hour University of Wisconsin group compared to University of Wisconsin+melatonin group. As a result of biochemical analysis, the malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group decreased significantly compared to the University of Wisconsin group. When the reduced glutathione activity and total antioxidant capacity level were compared, a significant increase was observed in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin group compared to the University of Wisconsin group at the 12th hour. It was also found that aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels decreased significantly in the University of Wisconsin+melatonin 12th-hour group compared to the University of Wisconsin 12th hour and control group. When the findings were evaluated, intraperitoneal administration of melatonin, a cytoprotective antioxidant, was found to play an effective role in preserving immunohistochemical and biochemical properties of liver tissue integrity and hepatocytes in University of Wisconsin solution.

Extracellular vesicles in porcine seminal plasma maintain sperm function by reducing Lyso-PC

Seminal plasma (SP) exosomes are membrane vesicles with 30−120 nm diameter, which have been shown to regulate the physiological processes in sperm cells. However, the mechanism through which SP extracellular vesicles (EVs) maintain sperm function remains unclear. To explore the mechanism of EVs in sperm preservation, different EV concentrations (EV-0, EV-1, EV-4, EV-8, EV-16) were added to semen liquid preservation solution. Sperm motility was detected via computer-assisted sperm analysis systems, plasma membrane integrity was assessed using SYBR-14 and propidium iodide staining, and total antioxidant capacity and lipid oxidation levels were evaluated after 0, 2, 4, 6 days of liquid-storage at 17 °C. Differences in sperm metabolites between the EV-0 and EV-8 groups stored for 4 days, were analyzed using untargeted metabolomics [liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)]. Moreover, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) levels were assessed when sperm incubated with EV-0 and EV-8 during 0, 2, 4, 6 days, and embryonic development were assessed when sperm incubated with EV-0 and EV-8 stored for 4 days at 17 °C. Our data showed that compared to EV-0, sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity, antioxidant capacity, lipid oxidation levels and cleavage rates were significantly increased in the EV-8 group (P < 0.05), lysophosphatidylcholine (Lyso-PC) metabolisma and mtROS levels were significantly reduced in the EV-8 group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SP EVs inhibit the premature increase in Lyso-PC, exert antioxidant effects on mtROS, and preserve sperm's ability to fuse with oocytes.

The Sigma-1 Receptor Is a Novel Target for Improving Cold Preservation in Rodent Kidney Transplants.

Kidney transplantation is the preferred treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Maintaining organ viability between donation and transplantation, as well as minimizing ischemic injury, are critically important for long-term graft function and survival. Moreover, the increasing shortage of transplantable organs is a considerable problem; thus, optimizing the condition of grafts is a pivotal task. Here, rodent models of kidney transplantation and cold storage were used to demonstrate that supplementation of a preservation solution with Sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist fluvoxamine (FLU) reduces cold and warm ischemic injury. Post-transplant kidney function was improved, histological injury was mitigated, and mRNA expression of two tubular injury markers-kidney injury molecule-1 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin-was robustly reduced. In addition, renal inflammation was diminished, as shown by reduced leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. In the cold ischemia model, FLU ameliorated structural injury profoundly after 2 h as well as 24 h. The reduced number of TUNEL-positive and Caspase 3-positive cells suggests the anti-apoptotic effect of FLU. None of these beneficial effects of FLU were observed in S1R-/- mice. Of note, organ damage in FLU-treated kidneys after 24 h of cold storage was similar to just 2 h without FLU. These results indicate that S1R agonists can prolong storage time and have great potential in improving organ preservation and in alleviating the problem of organ shortages.

МЕЖЭТНИЧЕСКАЯ ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ В ВОСПРИЯТИИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ МАНГИСТАУСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ СОЦИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ)

Abstract. The study of the problems of interethnic and interfaith relations is a particularly relevant area in the current conditions of development of Kazakhstan. Practice shows that, despite the commitment of the majority of Kazakhstanis to the idea of interethnic stability, integration and harmony, in any society there are destructive elements that do not agree with the existing order and are ready to violate the fragility of great values. In this regard, the priority of studying this issue is determined, first of all, by the possibility of timely identification of the main trends in the dynamics of society in order to develop new approaches and solutions for the further preservation and strengthening of public harmony, which are inextricably linked with the prospects for the development of the state in the global world. This article contains the results of quarterly sociological measurements aimed at studying the state of the interethnic situation in the Mangistau region in 2022. In particular, the article deals with the issues of interethnic attitudes in the context of social well-being, migratory moods of the population of the region in the context of the currentgeopolitical situation and the main transformation processes taking place in the country and the world. The concept of "ethno-social situation" was singled out as the main operational concept. As variables, such concepts as social well-being, interethnic integration, migratory moods, etc. were used. As indicators for identifying the indicated factors, the answers of representatives of the population of the region to questions about satisfaction with their lives, the level of material wellbeing, the most acute problems of the place of residence, priority preferences when choosing a place of residence, etc. In our opinion, the predominance of negative trends in the indicated indicators can cause ethnically marked social tensions. An analysis of interethnic relations, the nature of interethnic interactions at the personal and group levels, allows us to assert that they are not constant, have their own specifics and are due to political, economic (socio-economic), cultural factors of the period under consideration. Keywords: interethnic relations; interethnic integration, migration processes, social wellbeing, ethnic groups; ethnic sign.

Reliable Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology and Immunocytochemistry Reporting over an Extended Period by the Addition of Aldehyde and Osmolyte-Based Preservative Solution

Introduction: The cytological examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an important investigation in the workup of various inflammatory, malignant, or traumatic disorders of the central nervous system. The cells in the CSF lyse and degenerate at a very fast rate owing to its low tonicity, buffering capacity, redox potential, and pH, making it crucial to examine it within 2 h of sampling. We have hereby designed an aliphatic aldehyde, osmolyte, metal halide, and a buffer-based solution which will preserve the cellular components of CSF for 48 h. Methods: Thirty-nine CSF specimens were examined within 2 h of collection, and this reading was recorded as time zero reading. The CSF specimens were then divided into two tubes with (i) pre‐servative:CSF ratio of 1:5; and (ii) no preservative. Total and differential leukocyte counts and immunocytochemistry were performed on the paired specimens at 24 h and 48 h and were compared with the readings at zero hours. Results: The preservative-containing CSF showed significantly higher cellularity than the undiluted samples at 24 h and 48 h (p < 0.001). Median cell counts observed in the preservative-containing CSF were 5 times and 12 times higher than in the undiluted CSF. Neutrophils, lymphocytes, and RBCs showed immunopositivity for MPO, CD45, and GLUT-1 at both time intervals. Conclusion: Adding the prepared preservative solution to CSF in the ratio of 1:5 can optimally preserve the CSF cells for absolute and differential quantitation, morphological assessment, and immunological testing at a later date.

Peltier Cell Integration in Packaging Design for Minimizing Energy Consumption and Temperature Variation during Refrigerated Transport

This study proposes an innovative approach to reduce temperature fluctuations in refrigerated transport during loading and unloading, aiming to minimize food waste and optimize energy consumption in the food supply chain. The solution involves integrating Peltier cells into secondary and tertiary packaging to improve system efficiency and minimize temperature variations. Four distinct tests were conducted: a reference test, continuous Peltier system operation, and two intermittent cooling tests for the hot side of the cells. The results highlight the effectiveness of this approach, particularly in the fourth test where the average final food temperature decreased from 3.2 °C (reference test) to 2.8 °C. Integrating Peltier cells into packaging shows potential benefits in minimizing food waste, reducing energy consumption, and associated emissions during refrigerated transport. This research contributes to the sustainable design and manufacturing of packaging systems, specifically in the context of refrigerated transport. By maintaining a consistent temperature environment during the critical loading and unloading phases, incorporating Peltier cells enhances the overall performance and efficiency of refrigerated transport system. These results point out the significance of exploring innovative solutions for sustainable food preservation and the decrease of waste all along the food supply chain.

The Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Calcium Carbonate on some Indicators of the Quality of Cut Flowers of Chrysanthemum Plant (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.)

This experiment was carried out in the laboratory of the College of Agric. and Forestry at the University of Mosul, with the aim of studying some indicators of the cut inflorescences quality of two cultivars of the Chrysanthemum plant (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) with white and red inflorescences and delaying their senescence, as the bases of the cut inflorescences were immersed in the holding solution containing gibberellic acid at 0 and 25 mgl−1 and calcium carbonate at 0, 100 and 200 mgl−1 and their interactions. The Factorial experiment was conducted by a randomized complete block design. The results indicated that the cultivar with white inflorescences were recorded a significant increase in the values of the characteristics of the relative change in the inflorescences fresh weight and the amount of change in the inflorescences diameter, which reached to 87.79% and 87.37%, respectively, a significant increase was recorded in the volume of water absorbed by inflorescences and the inflorescences dry weight at the end of the experiment. The immersion in gibberellic acid at 25 mgl−1 resulted in a significant increase in the change of inflorescences fresh weight, change in the inflorescence diameter, volume of water absorbed of 10.19 cm3 and inflorescences dry weight 1.21 g. While immersion in calcium carbonate at 200 mgl−1 led to a significant increase in the amount of change in the inflorescences fresh weight, the change in the inflorescence’s diameter, and the inflorescences dry weight, which were 87.46%, 87.38%, and 1.270 g, respectively. It can be said that the inflorescences of the red variety that were added to the preservation solution of gibberellic acid at 25 mgl−1 and calcium carbonate at 200 mgl−1 recorded the largest significant values for the characteristics of the change in the inflorescences fresh weight, change in the inflorescence diameter, and the volume of water absorbed.

Inhibition of Ferroptosis Enables Safe Rewarming of HEK293 Cells following Cooling in University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution

The prolonged cooling of cells results in cell death, in which both apoptosis and ferroptosis have been implicated. Preservation solutions such as the University of Wisconsin Cold Storage Solution (UW) encompass approaches addressing both. The use of UW improves survival and thus extends preservation limits, yet it remains unclear how exactly organ preservation solutions exert their cold protection. Thus, we explored cooling effects on lipid peroxidation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels and the actions of blockers of apoptosis and ferroptosis, and of compounds enhancing mitochondrial function. Cooling and rewarming experiments were performed in a cellular transplantation model using Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) 293 cells. Cell viability was assessed by neutral red assay. Lipid peroxidation levels were measured by Western blot against 4-Hydroxy-Nonenal (4HNE) and the determination of Malondialdehyde (MDA). ATP was measured by luciferase assay. Cooling beyond 5 h in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) induced complete cell death in HEK293, whereas cooling in UW preserved ~60% of the cells, with a gradual decline afterwards. Cooling-induced cell death was not precluded by inhibiting apoptosis. In contrast, the blocking of ferroptosis by Ferrostatin-1 or maintaining of mitochondrial function by the 6-chromanol SUL150 completely inhibited cell death both in DMEM- and UW-cooled cells. Cooling for 24 h in UW followed by rewarming for 15 min induced a ~50% increase in MDA, while concomitantly lowering ATP by &gt;90%. Treatment with SUL150 of cooled and rewarmed HEK293 effectively precluded the increase in MDA and preserved normal ATP in both DMEM- and UW-cooled cells. Likewise, treatment with Ferrostatin-1 blocked the MDA increase and preserved the ATP of rewarmed UW HEK293 cells. Cooling-induced HEK293 cell death from hypothermia and/or rewarming was caused by ferroptosis rather than apoptosis. UW slowed down ferroptosis during hypothermia, but lipid peroxidation and ATP depletion rapidly ensued upon rewarming, ultimately resulting in complete cell death. Treatment throughout UW cooling with small-molecule Ferrostatin-1 or the 6-chromanol SUL150 effectively prevented ferroptosis, maintained ATP, and limited lipid peroxidation in UW-cooled cells. Counteracting ferroptosis during cooling in UW-based preservation solutions may provide a simple method to improve graft survival following cold static cooling.

Üzüm Cibresinin Karanfil Çiçeklerinin Vazo Ömrüne Etkileri

In carnation, vase life is shortened due to ethylene and water stress, resulting in petal curling, browning, and wilting symptoms. Preservative solutions are used to prolong the vase life of cut flowers in the world, and natural substances with antimicrobial properties have been preferred as preservatives in recent years. It is thought that benefiting from the antimicrobial properties of plant wastes will be beneficial for both the cut flower industry and waste management because they are natural. This research was carried out to determine the effect of grape marc extract (GME) on the vase life of cut carnation. D. caryophyllus cv. 'Baltico' was used as a plant material. The plants were placed in vases containing two different concentrations of GME (100 µL L-1, 200 µL L-1). The vase life, relative fresh weight (RFW), daily solution uptake (DSU), lipid peroxidation, proline content, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured during and at the end of the experiment. In the study, it was determined that GME was effective on the vase life of cut carnation flowers and GME at 200 µL L-1 concentration (22.67 days) extended the vase life by 6.50 days and 40.2% compared to the control (16.17 days), (distilled water). At the same time, GME was found to be effective on the post-harvest stress mechanisms of cut carnation flowers. GME improved vase life by increasing both DSU, and antioxidant enzyme activities, and reducing RFW loss. It also reduced the accumulation of MDA and proline.

Extended sample storage for platelet function testing in healthy dogs.

Platelet function testing is important for monitoring the effects of antiplatelet therapy but is not readily used due to time constraints for testing and the need for specialized equipment. This study evaluated the effects of various storage methods on selected platelet function tests to determine if delayed platelet function testing is feasible in canine blood samples. Our hypotheses were that platelet function would not decline during storage and, thus, no differences in test results would be found over time. Thirteen healthy dogs were studied. Citrated blood samples were tested with a Platelet Function Analyzer-200 (PFA), which mimics high-shear conditions, using P2Y and CADP cartridges, after being held at room temperature for 2 h and refrigerated for 24 and 48 h. Plateletworks (PW), which measures aggregation based on platelet counting, was performed on an optical hematology analyzer using 10-min-old native samples, citrated samples held at room temperature for 3-4 h and refrigerated for 24 and 48 h, and samples stored in the preservative solution, AGGFix, up to 7 days. PFA closure times increased with storage, especially with the P2Y cartridge. Median aggregation with fresh PW was 94%, and this was maintained at all time points (range of median values 88%-94%). Most samples showed decreased, yet still robust (>70%), aggregation with longer storage. Spontaneous aggregation in citrate was noted in most dogs. AGGFix stabilized platelet aggregates to allow for delayed testing. Delayed platelet function testing is feasible, but ranges of expected values may differ from tests using fresh samples.

Preserving the epics of the Central Highlands in Vietnam

This article is based on the ideas of a presentation at the scientific seminar "The epics of the Central Highlands - Preservation and promotion solutions" planned by the Institute of Social Sciences in the Central Highlands of the Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences. It was then postponed in late 2017 and has yet to be implemented.&#x0D; In keeping with the theme of the workshop, the purpose of this article is to present a perspective on the preservation of the epics through performance in the community. This point of view derives from viewing Central Highlands epics as a performing art, a form of cultural practice that still exists. These are living epics, not published epics.&#x0D; Based on the results of ethnographic fieldwork combined with the method of analyzing the art of singing-speech, we discuss the stated prospects for preservation, point out the shortcomings of applying the methods of preservation of Central Highlands epics in practice, and then give our opinion. The Central Highlands epic should be preserved as it existed in its traditional context. It should be heard more often in the community through the lyrics of the artist.

Advancing Infrastructure Development through a Novel Federated Learning Design for Visitor Privacy Preservation Solutions

Advancing Infrastructure Development through a Novel Federated Learning Design for Visitor Privacy Preservation Solutions

Combined effects of high hydrostatic pressure and chemical pre‐treatment on physico‐chemical properties of beef, using FTIR and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

AbstractHigh pressure processing (HPP) was combined with a previous short chemical treatment to stabilize the color of beef tissue. Beef samples were treated with a solution containing ascorbic acid, sodium chloride, and a very low concentration of sodium nitrite. The effects of pressure levels (0.1–600 MPa) and preservative solution on: (i) color properties based on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), which determines the relative concentrations of muscle pigments, (ii) protein denaturation and changes in the secondary structures by DSC and FTIR‐ATR, were determined.At high pressures, the disappearance of DSC peaks due to protein denaturation, a decrease in the proportion of α‐helix and an increase in the percentage of disordered structures, were evidenced. DRS spectra and Kublelka‐Munk theory equations demonstrated that nitrosilmyoglobin was a more stable chromophore, decreasing discoloration of the tissue. These techniques contribute to the knowledge of the physico‐chemical properties of the tissue submitted to combined preservation processes.Practical ApplicationsThere is an increasing demand from consumers for high‐quality beef products, with significant emphasis placed on color and safety attributes. Extending the shelf life by applying high hydrostatic pressure treatment (HHP) improves food safety and will produce a positive impact on both the industry and consumers. HHP is a non‐thermal preservation technology with generally minimal effects on sensory qualities and nutritional content; however, the direct application of this technology on beef leads to the production of a product with an unacceptable pale coloration. Therefore, it must be remarked that a pre‐treatment stage by immersing the pieces in a preservative solution is essential to improve the color of beef products treated by HHP. In this regard, from a technological point of view, it is very important to know the combined effects of both stages (short chemical treatment and high‐pressure) on the quality of beef products.

Developing A Herbal Preservative For Cadavers In Ayurvedic Anatomy- A Pilot Study

Background: Preserving cadavers is crucial for anatomical studies, but traditional methods using chemicalssuch as formalin can have harmful properties. Ayurveda, like other sciences, lacks an alternative method forpreservation. This study aimed to find a safe and effective herbal preservative for cadavers.Aim: The aim of this study was to formulate an herbal preservative solution for human cadavers that ensuresno risk of infection on contact, preservation of the body, and prevention of putrefaction changes andcontamination with maggots and insects.Objective: The objectives of the study were to identify natural preservative ingredients used in Ayurveda,research individual ingredients for their possible role as preservatives, and prepare and test an herbal solutionon chicken muscle pieces.Material and Methods: A detailed literature survey was conducted to identify natural preservative ingredientsused in Ayurveda. The individual ingredients were researched for their possible role as preservatives. An herbalsolution was prepared using the identified ingredients, and its efficacy was tested on chicken muscle pieces.Results: The study identified natural preservative ingredients such as Amalaka, Vibhitaki, Haritaki, Neembaand Vidanga. These ingredients were found to have antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatoryproperties that could potentially preserve human cadavers. Tested herbal preservative solution on chickenmuscle pieces at different concentrations. Preservation duration increased with higher concentration ofsolution. Maximum preservation period was achieved with 100% solution with no signs of contamination withmaggots and insects.Conclusion: This study provides a potential alternative to traditional chemical embalming methods and mayenable Ayurvedic graduates to successfully practice medicine and surgery. To validate the effectiveness of theherbal solution on human cadavers, additional research is required. Moreover, in the main study, it isrecommended to substitute certain drugs that could potentially enhance tissue preservation longevity in thissolution.

Preservation solution Custodiol containing human alpha-1-antitrypsin improves graft recovery after prolonged cold ischemic storage in a rat model of heart transplantation.

The shortage of available donor hearts and the risk of ischemia/reperfusion injury restrict heart transplantation (HTX). Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), a well-characterized inhibitor of neutrophil serine protease, is used in augmentation therapy to treat emphysema due to severe AAT deficiency. Evidence demonstrates its additional anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects. We hypothesized that adding human AAT in a preservation solution reduces graft dysfunction in a rat model of HTX following extended cold ischemic storage. The hearts from isogenic Lewis donor rats were explanted, stored for either 1h or 5h in cold Custodiol supplemented with either vehicle (1h ischemia, n=7 or 5h ischemia, n=7 groups) or 1 mg/ml AAT (1h ischemia+AAT, n=7 or 5h ischemia+AAT, n=9 groups) before heterotopic HTX. Left-ventricular (LV) graft function was evaluated in vivo 1.5h after HTX. Immunohistochemical detection of myeloperoxydase (MPO) was performed in myocardial tissue and expression of 88 gene quantified with PCR was analyzed both statistical and with machine-learning methods. After HTX, LV systolic function (dP/dtmax 1h ischemia+AAT 4197 ± 256 vs 1h ischemia 3123 ± 110; 5h ischemia+AAT 2858 ± 154 vs 5h ischemia 1843 ± 104mmHg/s, p<0.05) and diastolic function (dP/dtmin 5h ischemia+AAT 1516 ± 68 vs 5h ischemia 1095 ± 67mmHg/s, p<0.05) at an intraventricular volume of 90µl were improved in the AAT groups compared with the corresponding vehicle groups. In addition, the rate pressure product (1h ischemia+AAT 53 ± 4 vs 1h ischemia 26 ± 1; 5h ischemia+AAT 37 ± 3 vs 5h ischemia 21 ± 1mmHg*beats/min at an intraventricular volume of 90µl; p<0.05) was increased in the AAT groups compared with the corresponding vehicle groups. Moreover, the 5h ischemia+AAT hearts exhibited a significant reduction in MPO-positive cell infiltration in comparison to the 5h ischemia group. Our computational analysis shows that ischemia+AAT network displays higher homogeneity, more positive and fewer negative gene correlations than the ischemia+placebo network. We provided experimental evidence that AAT protects cardiac grafts from prolonged cold ischemia during HTX in rats.

Targeting Cellular Senescence in Organ Transplantation.

Targeting Cellular Senescence in Organ Transplantation.