Preservation Process Research Articles

КЫРГЫЗ ОБОНДУУ ЫРЛАРЫНЫН САЛТТУУЛУГУН САКТОО БҮГҮНКҮ КҮНДҮН ШАРТЫНДА

The functioning of Kyrgyz folk song folklore in modern conditions is considered as a factor in the preservation of musical culture. The article discusses the problems of the existence and preservation of song performing tradition of the Kyrgyz people. The place and role of the Kyrgyz folk song in musical culture is noted, as a work of oral and professional creativity, which is undoubtedly distinguished by its exceptional richness and wide variety. The purpose of the article is to preserve the song performing traditions that occur in folk song culture at the present time, to determine their causes and predict their results and identify characteristic trends. The article also identifies positive and negative aspects associated with preservation processes in folk musical culture. The historical perspective of folk song performing traditions is revealed. A set of measures is proposed to preserve and develop the traditions of folk song performing art. The idea is that the Kyrgyz song is an important component of the musical, cultural and historical heritage of the Kyrgyz people.

Mung Seeds Under Constant Low Potential Difference During Post-Germination When Sprout Length Grows

Low potential difference 𝟎.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕 𝟏.𝟓𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, 𝟑.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, 𝟒.𝟓𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕, and 𝟔.𝟎𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕 are applied during the growth of sprout length after germination and post-germination of mung seeds in open-air conditions. The sprout length decreases with an increase in potential difference and graphs show non-linear variations. Thus, this potential difference produces a negative impact on the sprout length elongation of seeds. The decrease in the sprout length may be due to lesser diffusion through the cell wall or due to the weakening of the activity of the other cell components leading to a slower rate of cell division. This may have an impact on the process of preservation of seeds.

The Local Wisdom to Innovative Utilization of Banana: Wall Panel Decoration from Banana Tree Fibers to Strengthen the Grassroots Economy of Ramdang Community, Singhanakhon District, Songkhla Province

This study aimed at improving and developing the existing capital of the community by using local wisdom to produce innovative products. The concept of this study is to develop agricultural waste into innovative products that can be produced by the community by using simple tools and processes. This is in order to create added value to the agricultural waste. The research methodology and experiment methods are as follows: 1) survey of the potential and resource utilization of Ram Daeng Community; 2) exploring the needs for innovations derived from the banana trees; 3) study and experiment on the utilization of banana trees; 4) strength test of banana sheath fibers; 5) community participation; and 6) design and presentation of complete creative works. This study examined local knowledge, production, and preservation processes of banana ropes, as well as understanding the problems and solutions for the community by conducting a survey of the needs of 145 consumers from 7 occupations. The results obtained were used in the development and creation of decorative wall panels from banana sheath fibers. The results showed that 2.5 cm. banana sheath fibers were suitable and in line with local wisdom in producing banana fibers. However, the laboratory results revealed that banana fibers had low elongation and strength and were not suitable for compression. They were only suitable for interior wall decoration. The lessons learned from the community participation process and the limitation of the length of the material were used in the design of 30 x 40 cm decorative wall panels. Six wall panels were arranged into a larger panel of 60 x 120 cm. In addition, the calculation, measurement, and evaluation of the return on investment of banana fiber wall panels revealed that the cost was 88.64 baht per panel. The selling price of a banana fiber wall panel can be 150 baht. The banana fiber wall panels should be sold in packages of 6 panels per box, which is the standard size of construction materials sold in the market.

Integrating asset-specific flood vulnerability assessments with value-based preservation processes to develop the Heritage Building Flood Robustness Toolkit

Climate change is posing a growing threat to cultural heritage buildings, and many cities lack the capacity to manage these risks. One significant challenge is flooding, which can cause significant damage to heritage buildings. A literature review identified gaps in current research on heritage adaptation, including: a lack of tools for assessing the vulnerability of asset-specific cultural heritage buildings to flooding and providing recommendations for adaptation; limited examples of successful architectural adaptation of cultural heritage buildings to flooding impacts; and insufficient consideration of values, such as aesthetic, in adaptation tools. In response to these gaps, we developed a Heritage Building Flood Robustness Toolkit that incorporates both architectural and engineering considerations. The Toolkit is designed as a decision support tool to assist asset owners and key stakeholders, such as community groups, to make more quantified and informed decisions on heritage adaptation. The Toolkit includes three key advancements: an enhanced component-based methodology for individual cultural heritage building flood vulnerability assessments; improved recommendation of adaptation strategies aided by component-based risk assessments; and integration of user values, including aesthetic implications, into adaptation recommendations through adopting a Structured Decision-Making process. The Toolkit was tested on two buildings in Cockatoo Island, Sydney (Australia) with different materials and construction techniques. The results highlight the Toolkit's ability to support decision-making through more precisely assessed adaptation strategies based on asset-specific flood damage assessments and its sensitivity to user preferences, particularly aesthetic impacts from adaptation implementation. The Toolkit can be used as an instrument by planners, designers, and councils to enhance the protection of cultural heritage against flooding in the future.

Protocol Development for Yielding High Quality DNA and RNA from Archived Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedded Tissues

Introduction: While genetic analysis of archived formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens would be a significant research resource, extraction of high-quality DNA and RNA from these specimens is a significant challenge. Storage duration, tissue handling and tissue preservation processes as well as their interactions with the nucleic acids could influence the quality and integrity of the DNA or RNA required for genetic analysis.
 Objectives: The goal of this study was to establish a protocol to extract high quality DNA and RNA from the FFPE tissues for further use in quantitative PCR analysis.
 Methods: For the purposes of this study, human FFPE biopsy tissues from lung, liver, colon and kidney were obtained from a single center biorepository. GeneJET Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Catalog # K0722) obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific and RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit obtained from Life Technologies were modified and used for extraction of DNA and RNA, respectively. Briefly, modifications involved extending reagent incubation times, increasing sample volumes and wash steps, and increased final nucleic acids recovery and concentration steps. Eight sections around 8-10 ?m thick were microtomed for each tissue sample and used for extraction. The purity of the nucleic acids obtained was verified using Nanodrop Spectrophotometer.
 Results: The average DNA yield from eight sections for each of the tissues was 270±184 ng/?l and for RNA was 296±188 ng/?l. Nucleic acid quality was assessed by measuring the 260nm/280nm absorbance ratio for protein contamination as well as the 260nm/230nm absorbance ratio for salt contamination. Both were found to be within acceptable ranges. RNA was reverse transcribed to cDNA and qPCR was successfully performed on both DNA and cDNA samples.
 Conclusions: These results indicate that protocols using the silica-based membrane technology can yield high quality DNA and RNA that can be successfully used for downstream genetic analysis.

Digital Archiving and Preservation of Cancer Records: Case of KNH/UoN Department of Pathology

Cancer is considered to be 3rd leading killer and 2nd among non-communicable diseases in Kenya Mutinda J. (2019). Ferlay, et al (2013) noted there are about 37,000 new cases of cancer annually and annual mortality rate of 28,000. This indicates cancer records rapidly accumulate over time and more resources are needed to collect and manage cancer-related data. KNH/UoN Department of Pathology have for a long time kept their records using a paper-based system. Objective of the study was to review current record keeping system including the process of preserving, storing and retrieving cancer records and the challenges faced, develop a model to guide the archival of locally available cancer paper-records and a web based prototype to preserve and avails this information to a wide range of stakeholders. The study used descriptive research design involving 22 participants. Random sampling technique was used to select respondents among the sampled population. The intervention prototype was developed using the RAD methodology. It was noted that cancer patient data were captured through standard forms/books (86% of the respondents) and stored in standard forms/books (71% of the respondents). 57% stated that identification of record and documenting was done based on LAB number. ICD 10 Coding system was not fully implemented as many forms had old coding format. 77% of the participants stated that the inability to track patient records with ease as a challenge and lack of technology in records management as a potential security bleach and damage of records. Findings presented a strong case for this research study where, upon prototype developed, there was concurrence among the respondents that the developed solution would be of significant to enhance cancer records management in the department and improving the healthcare service delivery process. This model can also be used to preserve other similar medical paper documents.

Natural Rubber Latex on Medical Applications

In this review, latex from the Hevea Brasiliensis tree is presented as a material originating from nature, used to produce natural rubber, raw material for countless products for industry, as well as the manufacture of preservatives, and gloves, among others. Nowadays, its potential is expanding into various technological areas, one of which is biomedical, as described in this article. Latex has the possibility of being preserved using ammonium, which is a chemical of high health risk, but nowadays it is being substituted by acid systems excluding traditional chemicals. With these new preservation processes, the prospective use of latex for the design of biosensor scaffolds for drug release, and as membranes that can replace synthetic latex in patches for bioremediation in soft and bone tissues, synthetic muscles, membranes for biological micro laboratories, among others, is being studied to optimize its possibilities.

Global reward processing deficits predict negative symptoms transdiagnostically and transphasically in a severe mental illness-spectrum sample.

Reward processing impairments are a key factor associated with negative symptoms in those with severe mental illnesses. However, past findings are inconsistent regarding which reward processing components are impaired and most strongly linked to negative symptoms. The current study examined the hypothesis that these mixed findings may be the result of multiple reward processing pathways (i.e., equifinality) to negative symptoms that cut across diagnostic boundaries and phases of illness. Participants included healthy controls (n = 100) who served as a reference sample and a severe mental illness-spectrum sample (n = 92) that included psychotic-like experiences, clinical high-risk for psychosis, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia participants. All participants completed tasks measuring four RDoC Positive Valence System constructs: value representation, reinforcement learning, effort-cost computation, and hedonic reactivity. A k-means cluster analysis of the severe mental illness-spectrum samples identified three clusters with differential reward processing profiles that were characterized by: (1) global reward processing deficits (22.8%), (2) selective impairments in hedonic reactivity alone (40.2%), and (3) preserved reward processing (37%). Elevated negative symptoms were only observed in the global reward processing cluster. All clusters contained participants from each clinical group, and the distribution of these groups did not significantly differ among the clusters. Findings identified one pathway contributing to negative symptoms that was transdiagnostic and transphasic. Future work further characterizing divergent pathways to negative symptoms may help to improve symptom trajectories and personalized treatments.

Characterization of protein aggregates in cream and skimmed human milk after heat and high-pressure pasteurization treatments.

Preservation processes applied to ensure microbial safety of human milk (HM) can modify the native structure of proteins and their bioactivities. Consequently, this study evaluated the effect of pasteurization methods (Holder pasteurization, high-temperature short-time (HTST), and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)) of whole human milk (HM) on protein aggregates in skim milk and cream fractions. For heat-treated whole milk, insoluble protein aggregates at milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) were formed by disulfide and non-covalent bonds, but insoluble skim milk protein aggregates were only stabilized by non-covalent interactions. Contrary to heat treatment, the insolubilization of main proteins at the MFGM of HHP-treated HM was only through non-covalent interactions rather than disulfide bonds. Moreover, only heat treatment induced the insoluble aggregation of ⍺-lactalbumin. Overall, compared to heat treatment, HHP produced a milder effect on protein aggregation, validating the use of this process to better preserve the native state of HM bioactive proteins.

Studies on the Use of Aquatic Food in Pakistan

The natural resources of Pakistan, such as the Arabian Sea, the Indus Delta, dams, lakes, and mountain streams, present a variety of marine and inland fisheries potentials. These resources support numerous species with dietary and economic value. Fish and other aquatic food are major sources of protein for native people and animal populations worldwide. Fish accounts for 7% of the protein in diet and 17% in animal protein. Fish production in Pakistan rose from 214,231 metric tonnes in 1973 to 733,025 metric tonnes in 2021 at a rate of 4.9% per annum. During the same period, the amount of fish used for human consumption went from 99,368 metric tonnes to 500,866, at an annual rate of 9.7%. Fish export had increased at the rate of 18.6% from 24,623 metric tonnes in 1980 to 217,030 metric tonnes in 2021. The export values reached 496 million US$ in 2022-23. In 2021, fish imports totalled 5,770 metric tonnes. Fish for human consumption in aquatic food chains are typically sold in canned, frozen, cured, or fresh forms. Fresh marketing, freezing, and canning all require special equipment, which involves high capital costs. However, curing is a simple, low-cost preservation process that doesn't involve much in the way of material or capital expenditures. Frozen fishery products are dominant with 85%, followed by live (7%), dried (6%) and chilled (2%). Fish is also processed into meal before being added to animal feed; the bulk of processed fishmeal is used for chicken feed. 16% of the total fish production was converted to fishmeal production. With 25 currently in operation in Karachi and 30 in Gwadar, the country’s fish processing facilities are somewhat old and equipped with outdated machinery. Particularly for rural populations, fisheries resources offer sustainable development, employment opportunities, and financial rewards. Additionally, it has been noted that export statistics for fisheries are not adequately reported, which is necessary for them to be comparable to those of other countries. The study also provides sources for fisheries statistics.

Effect of two lyoprotectants on the survival rate and storage stability of freeze-dried probiotic lactic acid bacterial strains

Lactic acid bacteria are very important for biotechnology, pharmaceutical and food industry, and are extensively used as probiotic products and starter cultures. Freeze-drying is a widely used and effective process for preservation of lactic acid bacteria in a dried form. To ensure stability and maintain biological activity of lactic acid bacteria, suitable protective media formulations should be used during the freeze-drying process. Twelve oral strains with functional and probiotic properties were subjected to freeze-drying and assessed for viability after the process and after long-term storage. Two lyoprotective media with different composition were used and the freeze-drying process was performed, where retained stability of the studied strains in both lyoprotectors was reported. Viability after four and eight months of storage was assessed, showing that the strains maintained high viability. The two lyoprotective media ensured the obtaining of freeze-dried samples with preserved viability for all studied strains of lactic acid bacteria. Four of the tested strains, L. fermentum N 2 and TC 3-11, L. delbrueckii subsp. lactis VG 2, and W. confusa NN 1 showed well preserved stability and viability after freeze-drying and long-term storage and, prepared in freezedried formulations, are suitable to be included in the omposition of probiotic products for oral healthcare.

Dental stem cells and their applications in pediatric dentistry

Regenerative medicine has garnered significant attention due to its transformative impact on disease management and the restoration of optimal bodily functions. Stem cells, a cornerstone of regenerative medicine, are particularly renowned for their remarkable capacity to facilitate tissue regeneration and repair, revolutionizing modern healthcare by offering diverse treatment avenues for multiple conditions. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), a subset of postnatal stem cells, are especially noteworthy for their extensive proliferation and ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types. In the realm of pediatric dentistry, there exists a pressing need for advancements in regenerative medicine. Thorough research in this domain has the potential to propel evidence-based pediatric dentistry, ensuring that children receive tailored, high-quality care. Stem cells hold immense promise in pediatric dentistry by offering less invasive and regenerative solutions for a range of childhood dental issues and congenital anomalies. This research, initiated on 04 October 2023, was instigated following an exhaustive review of existing literature utilizing databases like PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane. The literature search encompassed a wide array of medical terminologies. Dental stem cells are categorized into four major types: DPSCs, stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED), stem cells of the apical papilla (SCAP), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Pediatric dentistry, encompassing endodontics, orthodontics, periodontics, and the treatment of craniofacial defects, stands to benefit significantly from the potential of dental stem cells. The preservation of dental pulp stem cells extracted from deciduous and permanent teeth through tooth banking offers a source for future regenerative therapies. The preservation process involves multiple comprehensive steps. In summary, dental stem cells present a promising avenue within pediatric dentistry, offering multifaceted applications ranging from pulpal regeneration and dentin repair to orthodontic support and the treatment of craniofacial anomalies.

How Do We Establish a Cold Chain Preservation Process Leading to Warmed Healthy Cells?

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Comparison of in-gel and in-solution proteolysis in the proteome profiling of organ perfusion solutions

PurposeThe organ perfusion solution (perfusate), collected at clinically and temporally significant stages of the organ preservation and transplantation process, provides a valuable insight into the biological status of an organ over time and prior to reperfusion (transplantation) in the recipient. The objective of this study was to assess two bottom-up proteomics workflows for the extraction of tryptic peptides from the perfusate.Experimental designTwo different kinds of perfusate samples from kidney and liver trials were profiled using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The preparation of clean peptide mixtures for downstream analysis was performed considering different aspects of sample preparation; protein estimation, enrichment, in-gel and urea-based in-solution digestion.ResultsIn-solution digestion of perfusate allowed identification of the highest number of peptides and proteins with greater sequence coverage and higher confidence data in kidney and liver perfusate. Key pathways identified by gene ontology analysis included complement, coagulation and antioxidant pathways, and a number of biomarkers previously linked to ischemia-reperfusion injury were also observed in perfusate.ConclusionsThis study showed that in-solution digestion is a more efficient method for LC-MS/MS analysis of kidney and liver organ perfusion solutions. This method is also quicker and easier than in-gel digestion, allowing for greater sample throughput, with fewer opportunities for experimental error or peptide loss.

A systematic review and meta-analysis reveals a consensus transcriptional signature highlighting neutrophil degranulation as a preserved and critical biological process in atrial fibrillation

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent persistent arrhythmia, and is associated with a high burden of disease, especially when co-occurring with other cardiovascular pathologies. Despite significant advances in the understanding of its pathophysiology through transcriptomic studies, there are marked differences in the identified key AF genes between studies, potentially due to specific sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the populations evaluated. Therefore, the transcriptional signature that is common to AF, regardless of the specific context, is currently unclear. Purpose To provide a consensus transcriptional signature of AF by comprehensively analyzing the studies comparing the gene expression patterns in patients with AF and controls in Sinus Rhythm (SR). Methods Four literature databases were searched to identify studies reporting gene expression patterns in atrial myocardial tissue from patients diagnosed with AF and comparing them with those of controls reportedly in SR. We excluded studies reporting results from in vitro experiments or those that provided incomplete information regarding the methodology for sample collection of bioinformatic analysis. After an initial descriptive analysis of the included studies, we manually curated and processed all the available datasets. At first, gene coverage was evaluated to assess the comparability of the included data, followed by meta-analysing the suitable datasets to obtain the consensus gene signature. Finally, we estimated the activities of relevant transcription factors and pathways by using biological prior knowledge bioinformatic tools (DoRothEA, and PROGENy, respectively). Results 38 studies were included, from which seven related datasets consisting of 262 AF and 86 SR control samples fulfilled the selection criteria for meta-analysis (Figure). We observed a high heterogeneity in the marker genes reported across the studies, however, disease signatures were conserved across the included studies. Gene ranking revealed a significant enrichment of fibrosis and myocyte degeneration-related gene sets; however, enriched pathways, transcription factors, and microRNAs related to neutrophil activity gene signatures, specifically those related to the degranulation process, occupied an outstanding position in the top positions of the ranking (Table). Conclusion Despite high heterogeneity amongst studies, a conserved and identifiable molecular signature in AF is present. The high relevance of neutrophil activity in this signature is consistent with previous studies performed in AF and other cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart failure. The identification of a consensus transcriptional footprint is a feasible approach that provides valuable information to better understand the common molecular mechanisms underlying the different disease patterns in AF.Figure.Table.

Smart Indicator Film Based on Sodium Alginate/Polyvinyl Alcohol/TiO2 Containing Purple Garlic Peel Extract for Visual Monitoring of Beef Freshness.

The aim of this study was to prepare a novel pH-sensitive smart film based on the addition of purple garlic peel extract (PGE) and TiO2 nanoparticles in a sodium alginate (SA)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to monitor the freshness of beef. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed the formation of stronger interaction forces between PVA/SA, PGE, and TiO2 nanoparticles, which showed good compatibility. In addition, the addition of PGE improved the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite film, especially in different pH environments, and the color response was obvious. The addition of 1% TiO2 nanoparticles significantly improved the mechanical properties of the film, as well as the light barrier properties of the film. PGE could effectively be uniformly dispersed into the composite film, but it also had a certain slow-release effect on the release of PGE. PGE had high sensitivity under different pH conditions with rich color changes, and the color showed a clear color change from red to yellow-green when the pH increased from 1 to 14. The same change was observed when it was added to the film. In particular, by applying this film to the process of beef preservation, we judged the freshness of beef by monitoring the changes in the TVB-N value and pH value during the storage process of beef and found that the film showed obvious color changes during the storage process of beef, from blue (indicating freshness) to red (indicating non-freshness), and finally to yellow-green (indicating deterioration), which indicated that the color change of the film and the freshness of the beef maintained a highly consistent.

Healthy brain aging and delayed dementia in Texas rural elderly.

Healthy aging is the process of preserving and enhancing one's independence, physical and mental well-being, and overall quality of life. It involves the mental, emotional, and cognitive wellness. Although biological and genetic factors have a significant influence on the process of aging gracefully, other adjustable factors also play a crucial role. Adopting positive behaviors such as maintaining a nutritious and balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, effectively managing stress and anxiety, ensuring sufficient sleep, nurturing spiritual coping mechanisms, and prioritizing overall well-being from an early stage can collectively influence both lifespan and the quality of health during advanced years. We aim to explore the potential impacts of biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors on the process of healthy cognitive aging in individuals who exhibit healthy aging. Additionally, we plan to present initial findings that demonstrate how maintaining good cognitive health during aging could potentially postpone the emergence of neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesize that there will be strong associations between biological, environmental, and social factors that cause some elderly to be superior in cognitive health than others. For preliminary data collection, we recruited 25 cognitively healthy individuals and 5 individuals with MCI/AD between the ages of 60-90 years. We conducted anthropometric measurements, and blood biomarker testing, administered surveys, and obtained structural brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and sub-scores for the healthy group were also reported. We found that at baseline, individuals exhibiting healthy cognitive aging, and those with MCI/AD had comparable measures of anthropometrics and blood biomarkers. The healthy group exhibited lower signs of brain volume loss and the ones observed were age-related. Moreover, within the healthy group, there was a significant correlation (p=0.003) between age and MoCA scores. Conversely, within the individuals with MCI/AD, the MRI scans showed disease signs of grey and white matter and loss of cerebral volume. Healthy brain aging is a scientific area that remains under-explored. Our current study findings support our hypothesis. Future studies are required in diverse populations to determine the various biological, psychological, environmental, lifestyle, and social factors that contribute to it.

Defining Historic Townscape Characteristics following Local People’s Perceptions: Developing a Townscape Character Assessment Policy for Chiang Mai Old City, Thailand

Townscape in urban heritage sites contributes a vital visual perception of the public realm. It consists of the streetscape, buildings, natural features, and human perception, which include the social, cultural, and way of life on the scenes. Historic Townscape represents tangible and intangible scenes related to historical artifacts and the historical value of the places. Townscape Character Assessment (TCA) can apply to evaluate the quality of urban elements which represent the significance of social, cultural, and human perception of urban heritage. However, Chiang Mai City Council should have paid more attention to the valued process of establishing a townscape character assessment policy and has not been part of the ongoing heritage preservation process. In the critical urban heritage environment of Chiang Mai Old City, the aim is to define the townscape characteristics of the city and to be used as fundamental knowledge to establish the suitable Townscape Character Assessment (TCA) for Chiang Mai Old City. This research study has considered four aspects in terms of townscape Character Assessment Policy study that could establish the Townscape Characteristics of Chiang Mai Old City. These are the quality of the streetscape; cultural expression; perceptual factors; and socio-cultural values. Generally, Townscape Character Assessment employs the four significant factors to value townscape characteristics. This study has considered the ongoing new world heritage site as Chiang Mai is a “living heritage” which has faced the loss of greenery, cleanliness, and identity in its inner city and is likely to have issues when the city becomes a heritage tourism destination. The study involved twenty-five local participants and used a mixed methodology consisting of questionnaires, photo-elicitation interviews (PEI), needle method, and in-depth interviews. The results found that the connection of religious places, urban heritage artifacts, cultural activities, and the natural colors of local flowers in the city represented its characteristics. The study revealed possible factors to evaluate a townscape character assessment policy for CMOC, including the physical need for streetscape improvement, cultural expression along the streetscapes, perception of the quality of the streetscapes, and representation of socio-cultural values of the streetscapes. These results can be implemented in developing assessment guidelines for any heritage sites undergoing heritage nomination or any historical cities concerned with townscape character.

POINT CLOUD SIMPLIFICATION METHOD BASED ON IMPROVED FUZZY C-MEANS WITH AUTOMATIC NUMBER OF CLUSTERS

The essence of the point cloud is to express geometric information about objects by getting discrete coordinates on their surfaces. However, with a million points, this data may record redundant details in which it is needless to be kept for the model’s analysis. In addition, there is also a limitation where the processors cannot process the large-size datasets. The point cloud simplification algorithm was developed to solve the stated obstacles in data processing. Numerous algorithms have been published to produce the best methods for data reduction process. Since the simplification process might eliminate essential features of the data, this study introduces the features preservation process to keep the important points before the simplification. This study employed the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) algorithms for the simplification stage due to their simplicity and ability to generate an accurate result. Regardless, the FCM still suffers from drawbacks, where their initial cluster centres are prone to fall into local optima. This study improved the FCM by employing the Score and Minimum Distance (SMD) to determine the number of clusters and cluster centres. The SMD is enhanced by changing the Gaussian to Cosine kernel function to increase the accuracy. This new technique is named SMD(C)-IFCM. The method was then applied to the 3D point cloud of a box, cup, and Stanford bunny. The performance of the developed method was compared with the original SMD-FCM and SMD-IFCM for the percentage of the simplified data, error evaluation, and processing time. The result and analysis showed that the developed method had the best score, which was six (6) out of nine (9) measurements, compared to the other two methods with scores of one (1) and two (2) respectively. This score suggests that the developed algorithm successfully reduced the error evaluation and the processing time to generate the output.

A Hybrid Probabilistic Privacy Preserving Based Community Detection Model on Online Social Networking Data

Privacy preserving plays a vital role on the online social networking sites due to high dimensionality and data size. Community detection is used to find the social relationships among the node edges and links. However, most of the conventional models are difficult to process the community structure detection due to high computational time and memory. Also, these models require contextual weighted nodes information for privacy preserving process. In order to overcome these issues, an advanced probabilistic weighted based community detection and privacy preserving framework is developed on the large social networking data. In this model, a filter based probabilistic model is developed to remove the sparse values and to find the weighted community detection nodes and its profiles for privacy preserving process. Experimental results show that the filter based probabilistic community detection framework has better efficiency in terms of normalized mutual information, Q, rand index and runtime (ms).