Abstract Questions concerning cultural and biological diversity, cultural homogeneity versus heterogeneity, and biological homogeneity versus heterogeneity are critical to both cultures and biological species. Of the 8 million biological species found on earth, it is hypothesized that 1 million species will become extinct before the year 2000 A.D. Different societies also face a similar threat of cultural extinction. With increasing international, national, regional, and state demands for the preservation of existing habitats in the form of protected reserves, indigenous peoples surrounding or in parks, such as the Navajo at Canyon de Chelly National Monument, are often confronted with rapid change. A conflict exists between the preservation of cultural diversity on the one hand and biological diversity on the other. At Canyon de Chelly National Monument, cultural diversity over time, inclusive of the Anasazi, Navajo, Ute, Spanish, and U.S. cultures, is explored. The management of Canyon de Chelly Nationa...