Preservation Efforts Research Articles

Charring of and Chemical Changes in Historical Wood under Thermal Loading

Research in historical timber assessment is hindered by the limited availability of samples, yet understanding the fire resistance of historic wood is crucial for preservation efforts. There is an opinion that historic wood behaves similarly to contemporary wood in terms of fire resistance. The aim of this paper is to observe the rate of charring of historical pine wood during the experiment, the color changes in the sample that occurred due to thermal loading, and the changes in the chemical composition of pine wood. Test samples made from historic pine wood were loaded with a 50 kW∙m−2 radiation panel for 60 min. The charring process was faster at the beginning of the charred layer formation. The charring rate at the beginning of the test at a depth of 10 mm from the exposed side reached values from 1.28 mm∙min−1 to 3.16 mm∙min−1. At a depth of 30 mm from the exposed side, the individual charring rates approached a value of 1 mm∙min−1 (0.99 mm∙min−1 to 1.08 mm∙min−1). Observations during medium-scale testing revealed distinct layers forming on the exposed side: a charred layer, charring base, pyrolysis layer, and intact wood. The chemical composition of the wood changed under the influence of the thermal load. The relative contents of extractives and holocellulose decreased with the increasing temperature while the lignin content increased. The highest value of combustion heat was measured in the charred layer of the sample. Correlation analysis demonstrated a negative relationship between the combustion heat and holocellulose, while a positive correlation was found with the lignin content. Chemical changes were also monitored using the FTIR method. These findings provide valuable insights into the behavior of historic pine wood under thermal loading, which is essential for understanding and preserving historical structures.

Analisis Pemberitaan Positif Terhadap Brand Clothing Lokal: LAKON Indonesia

LAKON Indonesia is one of the local fashion brands that has clothes with unique designs that have an Indonesian touch. LAKON Indonesia has a vision to direct and guide many craftsmen towards a long and sustainable future, and to encourage continuous regeneration so that cultural preservation efforts are maintained. The development of this local brand has made several online news media make LAKON Indonesia as news material that they raise in the mass media. Researchers conducted media monitoring for one month, starting from March 1, 2023 to March 31, 2023 on news about LAKON Indonesia from various media. In carrying out the media monitoring, researchers focused on news that had positive and neutral sentiments towards LAKON Indonesia. The media monitoring was carried out by researchers with the aim of knowing the impact of the positive news on public trust and awareness of the LAKON Indonesia brand.

Inventory of Historical Sites in North Padang Lawas District

This article examines the inventory of historical sites in North Padang Lawas Regency, which have significant Hindu-Buddhist cultural heritage. The urgency of this research lies in efforts to preserve historical sites that are threatened with extinction due to natural factors, human actions, and lack of attention from the government and local communities. The problem faced is how to document and preserve these sites so that they can be a source of information and further research. The methodology used in this research is a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data collection techniques include direct observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. Data sources came from historical sites in North Padang Lawas Regency, including the Bahal temple complex and ancient Batak tombs. Data analysis techniques involved the steps of data organisation, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Data validity testing was conducted through triangulation of data sources and methods to ensure the accuracy and validity of the findings. The results showed that North Padang Lawas Regency has a number of important historical sites, such as the Bahal temple which was built between the 11th and 14th centuries AD. Many of these sites are endangered and require serious preservation efforts. The research provides recommendations for increased government and community attention in preserving this cultural heritage, as well as the importance of more comprehensive documentation for future research and educational purposes.

Assessing climate niche similarity between persian fallow deer (Dama mesopotamica) areas in Iran

The Persian fallow deer or Mesopotamian fallow Deer (Dama mesopotamica, Brook 1875), a species of significant ecological importance, had faced the threat of extinction in Iran. One conservation strategy involved the translocation of Persian deer to enclosed areas across Iran, where they were afforded protection from external threats and provided with essential care by human caretakers. While human caretakers diligently attend to their needs and mitigate external threats, climate variables may now become critical factors affecting population dynamics in enclosed areas. This study aims to assess the similarity in climate niches between the original area (Dez and Karkheh) of the Persian deer species and 11 newly enclosed areas. To achieve this, we employed climate data and ecological niche modeling (ENM) techniques to assess the variations in climate among 12 areas. We utilized the environmental equivalency test to determine whether the environmental spaces of area pairs exhibit significant differences and whether these spaces are interchangeable. Extrapolation analyses were also constructed in the next steps to explore climatic conditions in original fallow deer habitats that are non-analogous to those in other parts of Iran. Our results reveal significant disparities in climate conditions between the original and all translocated areas. Based on observations of population growth in specific enclosed areas where translocated deer populations have thrived, we hypothesize that the species may demonstrate a non-equilibrium distribution in Iran. Consequently, these new areas could potentially be regarded as part of the species’ potential climate niche. Extrapolation analysis showed that for a significant portion of Iran, extrapolation predictions are highly uncertain and potentially unreliable for the translocation of Persian fallow deer. However, the primary objective of translocation efforts remains the establishment of self-sustaining populations of Persian deer capable of thriving in natural areas beyond enclosed areas, thus ensuring their long-term survival and contributing to preservation efforts. Evaluating the success of newly translocated species requires additional time, with varying levels of success observed. In cases where the growth rate of the species in certain enclosed areas falls below expectations, it is prudent to consider climate variables that may contribute to population declines. Furthermore, for future translocations, we recommend selecting areas with climate similarities to regions where the species has demonstrated growth rates.

Board Game Introduction of Jukung Palembang Boats for Adolescents Aged 17-25 Years in the City of Palembang

South Sumatra with its capital city Palembang, is part of the island of Sumatra which has an area of 91,806.36 km2. because it is fed by many rivers, the mobility and needs of the people in the South Sumatra Province are basically very dependent on the main rivers, namely the Musi River and its tributaries. Many traditional ships pass through the Musi River, one of which is the Jukung ship which is usually one of the transportation used by the community to travel from one region to another and is also used to transport staples or trade goods and agricultural products. The design of the introduction of the Jukung ship is one of the preservation efforts to increase understanding in adolescents and the community. In overcoming these problems, the author uses the design thinking method for data collection and data analysis through the 5W+1H method (what, why, who, where, why, how), so as to produce an idea that can be applied at the design stage. The designed works are categorized into three media, namely issue media including, posters, x-banners, main media in the form of board games, and supporting media including, t-shirts, miniature Jukung ships, totebags, stickers, puzzles, pencil pouches, key chains. The application of the media uses illustrations of Jukung ships, rivers, ampera and other supporting elements, it is hoped that this design can embrace teenagers.

Advancing architectural heritage: precision decoding of East Asian timber structures from Tang dynasty to traditional Japan

The convergence of cultural and aesthetic elements in timber structures from China’s Tang Dynasty (618–907 AD) and traditional Japanese architecture provides a rich tapestry of architectural evolution and cross-cultural exchanges. Addressing the challenge of distinguishing and understanding the intricate styles of these structures is significant for both historical comprehension and preservation efforts. This research introduces an innovative approach by integrating the Multi-Head Attention (MHA) mechanism into the YOLOv8 model, enhancing the detection of architectural features with improved precision and recall. Our novel YOLOv8-MHA model not only demonstrates a notable improvement in recognizing intricate architectural details but also significantly advances the state of the art in object detection within complex settings. Quantitative results underscore the model’s effectiveness, achieving a precision of 95.6%, a recall of 85.6%, and a mean Average Precision (mAP@50) of 94% across various Intersection over Union (IoU) thresholds. These metrics highlight the model’s superior capability to accurately identify and classify architectural elements, especially within environments rich with nuanced details, utilizing the enhanced YOLOv8-MHA algorithm. The application of our model extends beyond mere architectural analysis; it offers new insights into the intricate interplay of cultural identity and adaptability inherent in East Asian architectural heritage. The study establishes a solid foundation for the meticulous classification and analysis of architectural styles in timber structures within an expansive cultural and historical context, thereby enriching our understanding and preservation of these traditions.

Kajian Etika Hindu Pada Usaha Pelestarian Danau Batur Di Desa Buahan Kecamatan Kintamani Kabupaten Bangli

Buahan Village, as one of the villages on the outskirts of Lake Batur, since old time has local wisdom that has positive implications for the sustainability of Lake Batur. This research aims to examine local wisdom so that the ancestral heritage can be understood and implemented in daily life, so the preservation of the lake can be maintained. The type of qualitative descriptive research using observation methods, in-depth interviews and analysis of various relevant literature was used in this research. Based on the research results, it shows that the community in Buahan Village is making efforts to preserve Lake Batur through local wisdom, including through the establishment and preservation of sacred buildings as the sthana of Ida Bhatari Dewi Danuh who is believed to be the owner of Lake Batur. Buahan Village also has regulations on the use of lake borders which are still implemented today so that if you look at the conditions around, the border area of Buahan Village has very few buildings compared to other villages around Lake Batur. The preservation efforts carried out by the community have had positive implications for the lives of the people, both from a spiritual, intellectual and emotional perspective. This research draws the conclusion that the efforts to preserve Lake Batur carried out by the community in Buahan Village are indirectly a form of self-realization that humans are part of an ecological community that cannot possibly live without nature, so nature really needs to be preserved.

Capitalizing on genebank core collections for rare and novel disease resistance loci to enhance barley resilience.

In the realm of agricultural sustainability, the utilization of plant genetic resources for enhanced disease resistance is paramount. Preservation efforts in genebanks are justified by their potential contributions to future crop improvement. To capitalize on the potential of plant genetic resources, we focused on a barley core collection from the German ex situ genebank and contrasted it with a European elite collection. The phenotypic assessment included 812 plant genetic resources and 298 elites, with a particular emphasis on four disease traits (Puccinia hordei, Blumeria graminis hordei, Ramularia collo-cygni, and Rhynchosporium commune). An integrated genome-wide association study, employing both Bayesian-information and linkage-disequilibrium iteratively nested keyway (BLINK) and a linear mixed model, was performed to unravel the genetic underpinnings of disease resistance. A total of 932 marker-trait associations were identified and assigned to 49 quantitative trait loci. The accumulation of novel and rare resistance alleles significantly bolstered the overall resistance level in plant genetic resources. Three plant genetic resources donors with high counts of novel/rare alleles and exhibiting exceptional resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew were identified, offering promise for targeted pre-breeding goals and enhanced resilience in future varieties. Our findings underscore the critical contribution of plant genetic resources to strengthening crop resilience and advancing sustainable agricultural practices.

CRIMINAL, JUSTICE, AND SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES AND TOURISM AREA DEVELOPMENT : A PARADIGM STUDY OF LAW, ENVIRONMENT, AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

This study aims to explore and elucidate the interplay between criminal justice, social welfare, and tourism policies, and the role of law in promoting environmental preservation. The study is conducted by analyzing a number of policies and development implementation as well as response and output to the current community to create appropriate mitigation efforts in the form of criminal policies, not just in the field of jurisprudence (mere law), and three main pillars of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research is expected to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectedness of these domains, particularly focusing on how legal frameworks can support and enhance environmental preservation efforts.

The Evolution of Dong Small Songs and Cultural Change in Chinese Folk Music

This study investigates the cultural evolution and contemporary significance of Dong's small songs within the realm of Chinese folk music. Through ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, archival research, and thematic analysis, the historical roots and socio-cultural dynamics of Dong's small songs are explored. The literature review delves into the cultural significance, historical evolution, preservation efforts, and challenges faced by Dong small songs, highlighting their role in reflecting regional identities and cultural change. The material and methods section outlines the qualitative research approach, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and archival data collection. The research results illuminate the multifaceted nature of Dong small songs, showcasing their adaptability, transmission processes, and contemporary expressions. Suggestions for future research emphasize the need for continued preservation efforts, innovative presentation platforms, and collaborative initiatives to ensure the sustainability and appreciation of Dong's small songs in the context of evolving cultural landscapes.

Preservation as a Shared Responsibility: Collaboration for the Sustainable Preservation of Ambon Manuscripts

Abstract The study supplements manuscript digitization, which often overlooks owners’ role in manuscript literacy, highlighting their integral connection to preservation efforts. This is particularly relevant concerning Ambon manuscripts in the former Hitu kingdom. The study’s primary objective is to discern optimal practices for sustainable preservation, emphasizing the community owners not as passive entities but as individuals possessing significant knowledge and skills, competencies which can be effectively employed to safeguard and uphold manuscripts. The data collection process encompassed comprehensive literature reviews on digital manuscript collections, interviews with owners, focus group discussions (FGD) involving the younger generation of heirs, FGD with Ambon manuscript researchers at IAIN Ambon, and observations on manuscripts and cultural practices within the community. The findings reveal notable aspects such as: 1) degradation occurs in Ambon manuscripts, both in their physical state and the transmission of knowledge post-digitization, which underscores a deficiency in knowledge transfer between manuscript users and owners, representing an ethical responsibility; 2) within Ambon society, old houses function as literacy centers for the community. Given the substantial quantity of manuscripts, these houses should be recognized as scriptoria and serve as foundational points for manuscript-based literacy development; and 3) traditional practices within owner communities indicate that manuscript knowledge/literacy extends beyond basic reading and writing skills. It encompasses a holistic and comprehensive understanding of knowledge, including its relevance to daily life, categorization, origins, literacy, preservation skills (particularly caring and copying), and utilization (for legitimacy, anticipation/conflict resolution, and even economic purposes).

Museum Governance: Lessons From the Past as a First Step Towards Innovation

Over the past thirty years, private sector governance has seen significant development in regulatory guidelines, best practices, and adaptation to emerging challenges. In contrast, the history of Canadian museum governance is relatively new. Not-for-profit Canadian museums began to establish governance frameworks only recently with influential publications like the UNESCO Recommendation on Museums and Collections (2015) and the SMQ Guide (2014), along with the implementation of Bill 114 in 2016. Bill 114 introduced constraints and responsibilities akin to those in the private sector, shifting governance from a more informal approach to a structured system. Notable examples of pre-Bill 114 governance include Rolland Arpin's initiatives at the Museum of Civilization and guidelines by the Canadian Art Museum Directors Organization. This study aims to explore the lessons that museum governance can learn from private sector practices, comparing regulatory frameworks and drawing insights from corporate governance literature to enhance the sustainability and effectiveness of not-for-profit museums and heritage preservation efforts.

Ecological wisdom in the legend of Otak Aiq Tojang: An ecocritical analysis

This study examines the Legend of Otak Aiq Tojang to explore ecological wisdom and spirituality within the Sasak people. Otak Aiq Tojang is a spring sacred to the Sasak people in Lendang Nangka village. This study used a literary ecocriticism approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation and interviews. Interviews were conducted with five informants representing predetermined social layers in the community using purposive sampling. The analysis reveals that the legend has profound significance in Sasak’s life, symbolizing a harmonious balance between humans and nature. The connection between ecological policy and sustainability is underscored by the legend of Dewi Anjani, a purported mythological being, and Betere Indra Guru Sakti’s arrival and subsequent discovery of the spring. These tales have an impact on religious observances, including Begawe Beleq and Maulid Adat, which commemorate Prophet Muhammad’s birth. These legends serve not only as historical narratives but also as sources of spiritual and ecological insights. The water deemed auspicious by Otak Aiq Tojang symbolizes sustainability, reflecting the community’s holistic perspective on the environment. Prohibitions of indiscriminate entry and specific food offerings during rituals signify a dedicated preservation effort, illustrating the interconnectedness of cultural norms and ecosystem maintenance. This study enhances our understanding of Sasak’s ecological wisdom, particularly within the context of the Otak Aiq Tojang legend. The implications extend to a deeper comprehension of the interplay between myths, religious rituals, and nature conservation in local cultural settings, thus providing a basis for future research in this domain.

GEOMATIC DATA FOR TREATMENT OF HISTORIC BRIDGES. THE CASE STUDY OF THE RIBNICA BRIDGE IN PODGORICA, MONTENEGRO

<p>Stone bridges, all around Europe stand as enduring testaments to engineering mastery, cultural heritage, and historical continuity. They served as crucial infrastructural lifelines, connecting communities and fostering trade routes. Their enduring presence symbolizes the craftsmanship and innovation of their eras, reflecting diverse regional styles and technological advancements. Geometric documentation of a stone bridge provides critical insights into its structural integrity, aiding in preservation efforts. Accurate data obtained through geomatic techniques ensures informed conservation decisions, safeguarding the bridge's historical significance for future generations. This paper focuses on the geometric documentation of the Ribnica Bridge in Podgorica, Montenegro.</p>

Analysis of the biocorrosion community from ancient wooden constructions at Tianluoshan (7000–6300 cal BP), Zhejiang Province, China

Ancient wooden constructions, also known as wooden cultural relics, refers to ancient wood that has been modified or crafted by human activities. To ensure its preservation, it is crucial to gain further understanding of the decomposition mechanisms affecting archaeological wood. In this study, we investigated the microbiome diversity and cellulose decomposition processes in a 6300-year-old ancient wooden construction at the Tianluoshan site (7000–6300 cal BP) in Zhejiang Province, China. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was employed to analyze the metagenomic functions, specifically focusing on the microbial communities' cellulose-degrading pathways using bioinformatic approaches. The findings revealed that the excavation of archaeological wood significantly altered the environment, leading to an accelerated deterioration process. This degradation was primarily influenced by carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism pathways within the complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, archaea, fungi, microfauna, plants, and algae. Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, ascomycota, and basidiomycota were identified as the main sources of bacterial cellulose-degrading enzymes. The results obtained from this evaluation will provide valuable insights for the development of targeted conservation strategies and prioritization of preservation efforts for the ancient wooden constructions found in different regions of the Tianluoshan site.Graphical

Enhancing protection motivation for disaster preparedness among actors at UNESCO-designated heritage sites in Africa

Heritage sites face escalating threats from natural and human-induced hazards, posing risks to centuries of cultural heritage and environmental diversity. Despite this pressing challenge, there is a notable scarcity of qualitative studies linking protection motivation and disaster preparedness in UNESCO-designated sites. Guided by the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) this study fills this critical gap by examining these aspects within UNESCO-designated sites in Africa. By adopting a directed qualitative content analysis approach, key informant interviews of 21 actors, covering 10 countries provided pertinent data for this study. While threat appraisal was strong, coping appraisal was weak, with partial disaster preparedness among UNESCO actors. Notably, the absence of fear as a predominant motivating factor for protection and disaster preparedness was compensated by other factors namely: a strong sense of heritage stewardship, and sustainability/resilience commitment. These findings extend the PMT framework and advocate for future research integrating elements of place attachment theory. By leveraging these insights, stakeholders can collaboratively enhance preservation efforts, ensuring the long-term sustainability of Africa's cultural and natural heritage.

Analisis Dinamika Keadilan Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Alam: Studi Kasus Pencapaian Hak Tanah Masyarakat Desa Wadas terhadap Rencana Pembangunan Bendungan Bener

In the context of environmental law enforcement, justice is a crucial element. Recognizing the importance of justice in the context of the environment and natural resource management is expected to raise awareness about environmental care and sustainable preservation efforts. The management of natural resources plays a key role in shaping the development of human societies. Land resources hold significant importance for human survival, as they are used in various human activities such as agriculture, industry, housing, transportation networks, recreation, and environmental conservation for scientific purposes. However, many conflicts arise concerning land, with concrete examples such as land disputes. Efforts to protect the environment have been made through various means, including community participation, stakeholder involvement, regulation, national and international agreements, legislation, and law enforcement. Additionally, scientific and technological approaches, as well as technical programs, have also been employed in environmental protection efforts. Nevertheless, environmental issues have not yet been fully effectively addressed. An example is the case of the Land Rights Achievement of the Wadas Village Community in relation to the Bener Dam Development Plan. This research has the potential to be used as a dynamic analysis of environmental justice and natural resource management.

Analysis of language identification algorithms for regional Indonesian languages

Detecting local languages in Indonesia is essential for recognizing linguistic diversity, promoting intercultural understanding, preserving endangered languages, and improving access to education and services. By identifying and documenting these languages, we can support language preservation efforts, provide tailored resources for communities, and celebrate the unique cultural heritage of different ethnic groups. Ultimately, this encourages a more accepting and open-minded society, prioritizing various languages and cultural customs. This research aims to identify the most suitable algorithm for language detection in Indonesian regional languages and gain insights into their unique characteristics through n-gram analysis. By understanding language diversity, the study contributes to preserving Indonesia's cultural and linguistic heritage and improving language detection techniques. This study compares the performance of five algorithms (Naïve Bayes, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), least-squares, Kullback Leibler divergence, and Kolmogorov Smirnov test) to determine the most accurate and efficient method for language identification. Incorporating trigram features alongside unigrams and bigrams significantly improved the model's performance, with F1 scores increasing from 0.923 to 0.959. The study found that using more features leads to better accuracy, with Naïve Bayes and KNN emerging as the top-performing algorithms for language identification.

Immersive Technology for Heritage Culture Preservation: A Conceptualization to Visualization Framework

With the speed at which technology is developing today, legacy cultural preservation is facing previously unheard-of difficulties. This study presents a new paradigm for promoting cultural heritage using immersive technology. To bolster this writing, the Nature, Technology, and Humanities Model has also been incorporated. The technique starts with a thorough conceptualization process based on the 5 W 1 H framework (Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How). It then moves through phases of research, design, and development. This framework incorporates user behaviour research to continuously improve and optimize the preservation efforts in addition to making it easier to create immersive experiences. Our framework seeks to engage and captivate modern audiences while provide a foundation for the preservation of historic culture.

Coordination of Online Shopping Supply Chain Considering Fresh Product Preservation Efforts and Cargo Damage Costs

To reduce the losses caused by insufficient preservation efforts during transportation, the preservation effort level has been the focus of research. In the fierce competition of online sales, it is particularly important to reduce the cost of damaged goods by improving the level of preservation efforts. Therefore, according to Stackelberg game theory, this article establishes five decision-making models and incorporates the damage rate and preservation effort level into the research. Finally, this article coordinates the online shipping supply chain (SC) through a joint contract. After comparing and analyzing the model results, research has found that: (1) in centralized model, the level of preservation effort reaches its optimal level and the system benefit is maximized; (2) under third-party logistics (TPL) leading decision-making, the different bearers of cargo damage costs will not affect the profits of both parties and the system; (3) among the four decentralized models, the level of preservation efforts and system profit are highest when the decision is led by online store and TPL bears the cost of damaged goods; and (4) under a given sharing ratio, when the logistics service quotation satisfies a certain range of condition, the online shopping SC can achieve Pareto improvement. This paper studies the differences and reasons for decision models in the supply and demand relationship between online stores and TPL, which provides fresh product e-commerce decision-makers with a theoretical basis.