Present Writer Research Articles

ИНДИЯ: ДИСПАРИТЕТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ГЕОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ

With India taken as a case-study, the author gives special attention to the “polarized” type of development (disintegration of national economy), which affects the economic potential of the state. India, like many other transitional societies, is still at the middle stages of market-governed development and is still to resolve the controversy between economic growth and social equity. In such cases, “free market” is not in a position to find the optimal balance between initiative and intervention. According to the present writer, economic parameters per se cannot be treated as a yardstick for trajectory of development. Disparities in interregional development tend to be more articulated under rapid economic growth. The global recession of the 2010s has made a task of instituting a balanced socio-economic development even harder to attain. Across the terrain of subcontinental landmass, two basic types of socio-economic development are singled out: number one – stationary (the most populous states of India), and number two – isolated (the Northeastern states) due to geographic “separation” from the “mainland” India. The states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar accounting for a quarter of India’s population, suffer from poor infrastructure for development and need a “blitzkrieg” of investment in power, roads and agriculture to generate economic growth. Lack of investments will make it more difficult to achieve and sustain a high rate of growth in the years to come. The political context of development in the “superlarge” states is aggravated by erosion of the Hindu United Family, on the one hand, and by synchronous pressures of rising social aspirations and stagnant or slow-growing incomes, on the other. Northeast India, a diverse region comprising eight states, is connected with “mainland” India by a passage less than 29 kms wide. The region lost connectivity and market access as a result of the Partition in 1947. The connectivity loss is instrumental for sluggish development of India’s North East that has now fallen behind other states and territories of the country. Given the geographical proximity of the area to South East Asia, economic cooperation may accelerate growth in India’s North East. Nonetheless, blending of domestic policy with foreign policy has not yet attained desired economic results. India is undergoing not only an economic but also a political change. The future of the country is ultimately dependent on harmonizing interests of winners and losers of development. In terms of political economy, both types of development are to be encouraged by targeted investments to overcome “stationary equilibrium”. According to the author, India’s (existent) investment potential is not adequate to stimulate economic growth. One of the “hidden” resources for rapid growth and advanced geoeconomic potential is tentative investment cooperation with foreign countries, including Russia.  Acknowledgements. The article has been supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation. Project no. 14-28-00097 “Optimization of Russian Outward Investment Ties amid Deteriorating Relations with the EU”.

Lack of Tenderness: The Main Culprit for the Relationship between Husband and Wife in Lady Chatterley’s Lover

This article presents the case of Chatterley and Clifford, the two main characters in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, to consider tenderness a basic working emotion to shape human relationship. The lack of tenderness causes emotional as well as physical distance in relation, especially that of male-female’s relation. The first part of the article reviews tenderness. The second part reviews how tenderness and lack of tenderness affects male-female relationship in the selected novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. On the basis of a careful analysis of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, the present writer tries to prove that the lack of tenderness is the main culprit for the broken relationship between husband and wife: a major one of the relations between man and woman in human society and mutual tenderness elicits people awakening to a new way of living in an exterior world that is uncracking after the long winter hibernation. Lawrence, through revelation of Connie’s gradual awakening from tenderness, has made his utmost effort to explore possible solutions to harmonious androgyny between men and women so as to revitalize the distorted human nature caused by the industrial civilization.

A Comparative Study on Advantages of Tax Incentives and Exemptions Under Rwandan and Kenyan Legal Regimes

After realizing that both Rwandan and Kenyan governments forego a significant subsidizes investment through their tax systems for different objectives such as; attracting investment, increasing employment opportunities, improving conditions in less developed areas, to mention but a few, it was an opportunity for the present researcher to put in practice the legal knowledge he had acquired during four years of study at University of Rwanda-School of Law. The dissertation at hand is an outcome of the study conducted in a Fiscal environment. The present writer was conducting a study seeking to respond to questions he suggested being uncovered. These are; What are the advantages of tax incentives and exemptions regime? And, What are advantages and disadvantages associated with tax incentives and exemptions regimes in Kenya and Rwanda? In line with this, the study “A comparative study on advantages of tax incentives and exemptions under Rwandan and Kenyan legal regimes” has deeply explored tax incentives and exemptions available in both Kenyan and Rwandan legal regimes. The researcher analyzed whether tax incentives and exemptions have advantages on the economic growth in Rwanda and Kenya. Then, the present writer ascertained legal provisions on which are based while providing tax incentives and exemptions by referring to different Tax Codes and Acts in both countries. Therefore, the writer does not finish without suggesting lessons each country among Kenya and Rwanda can learn from one another. He also let some recommendations to both governments, institutions in charge of tax collection and taxpayers as means that can boost both taxation systems once they are rendered worthwhile.

Exploring Verbal Relations between Arden of Faversham and John Lyly’s Endymion

Several scholars, utilizing traditional reading-based methods, have highlighted intertextual links between the anonymous domestic tragedy Arden of Faversham (1590) and John Lyly’s comedy Endymion, The Man in the Moon (1588). The authorship of Arden of Faversham is fiercely contested: Brian Vickers and the present writer have argued for Thomas Kyd’s sole authorship, whereas MacDonald P. Jackson and his New Oxford Shakespeare colleagues have contended for Shakespeare’s part authorship. This article draws upon electronic corpora in order to highlight matching utterances between the Kentish tragedy and Lyly’s comedy, and suggests that the quantity of rare and/or unique verbal parallels with Endymion is indicative of a single author’s acquisitive practices. The article proceeds to explore these matches in context in order to broaden our understanding of the relations between these plays, and the composition of Arden of Faversham as a whole.

Affidamento fiduciario in San Marino: Proposal for the Commonwealth of the Independent States

It is described in the article the construction of the institution of affidamento fiduciario, as it is present in the statutory law of the Republic of San Marino. The institution is a surrogate device of the true English trust, but at the same time, it absolutely corresponds to the civilian categories. Despite it is the institution of the law of contracts, is has been created on the base of such institution of the law of succession as fideicommissum. The author pays attention to the fact that the main distinction between the affidamento fiduciario on the one hand, and the institution of entrusted administration (or fiduciary management) of the post-soviet legal orders on the other hand consists in that the contract of affidamento fiduciario establishes a kind of program in the interest of the beneficiaries which cannot be eliminated by termination of the contract. In case of breach of his duties by the fiduciary it is allowed only to replace him with another person. That is why the affidamento fiduciario is much more stable construction than the entrusted administration. Therefore it protects better the beneficiaries’ interest. Due to this the present writer as a drafter of the model law for the member-states of the Commonwealth of the Independent States “On entrusted administration and trust” borrowed the construction of the affidamento fiduciario as a model for the modification of the institution of the entrusted administration of property.

Network of Knowledge: Western Science and the Tokugawa Information Revolution by Terrence Jackson

Reviewed by: Network of Knowledge: Western Science and the Tokugawa Information Revolution by Terrence Jackson Ellen Nakamura (bio) Network of Knowledge: Western Science and the Tokugawa Information Revolution. By Terrence Jackson. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 2016. viii, 198 pages. $55.00. More than ten years ago, Terrence Jackson signaled in a review of the present writer's monograph that there was "still work to be done" on the relation between the spread of knowledge relating to Dutch studies (rangaku) and social, cultural, and intellectual networks in Tokugawa Japan.1 In Network of Knowledge, Jackson at last puts forward his own perspective on this question. The book is an interesting study based loosely on the life and times of Otsuki Gentaku (1757–1827), one of the most important founding figures of the Dutch studies movement, and the application of a sociological analysis using social network theory and the ideas of Pierre Bourdieu. Social networks, were, according to Jackson, essential to the development and spread of Dutch studies in Japan, and Bourdieusian theory can provide a framework that reveals the "structures, motives, and actions" (p. 150) of those who participated in the movement. Ōtsuki Gentaku will be familiar to many of those working in the field of the history of medicine and Dutch studies. He is most famous as the author of Rangaku kaitei (1788), a basic introductory text for the study of [End Page 431] Dutch language, and as the founder of the Shirandō, the first school for the study of rangaku, established in 1786. He was also renowned for his parties celebrating the Dutch New Year, the wonders of which were recorded in the diaries of participants and commemorated in pictorial form. The splendid painting that Gentaku himself commissioned graces the cover of Jackson's attractive book. One of the first scholars to write about Gentaku in English was Donald Keene, whose classic work, The Japanese Discovery of Europe, 1720–1830 (1969), overlaps significantly with the time frame chosen by Jackson and whose engaging translations of Gentaku's writings he cites. Keene, writing in the 1950s and 1960s, operated within the theoretical framework of modernization and was interested in the intellectual activities of Dutch studies scholars, their views of the West, and their relationship to the kokugaku movement which developed around the same time. Like Keene, Jackson sees the period between 1770 and 1830 as one of critical importance for the establishment of Dutch studies in Japan, but he tries to explain its importance in social terms. He is not concerned with what scholars learned or the contents of the texts they wrote, but how scholars, in combination with interested parties from a variety of social backgrounds, came to operate as an intellectual community. Or as Jackson himself puts it, he is interested in the question of "how social ties, power, and status shaped the production of knowledge" (p. 2). Jackson is not the first scholar to consider the importance of such social networks to the spread of knowledge about the West. The private circulation of knowledge, manuscripts, and smallpox vaccine was especially important to rangaku scholars because of the wariness with which the shogunal authorities viewed their activities. In relation to the diffusion of medical knowledge, for example, Umihara Ryō and Ann Jannetta have explored social networks in some detail, pointing to the role of both scholarly lineages (gakutō) and the development of more extensive horizontal networks, especially by those who studied first in the cities and then returned to the countryside to teach.2 Curiously, Jackson does not cite these works. Rather, he draws upon the work of Eiko Ikegami to explore ideas such as "enclave publics," salon society, and the Tokugawa information revolution as they related to the establishment of the rangaku community. The book begins with a lucid overview of the relationship between the Dutch and the Japanese in the Tokugawa era and an introduction to the VOC (Dutch East India Company) members, physicians, translators, and scholars [End Page 432] who participated in the early rangaku community at Dejima (Deshima). Jackson lays out the two main points of his book. First, Ōtsuki Gentaku played a leading role in the establishment of the rangaku community...

THE POLITENESS OF DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACTS IN SATU JAM LEBIH DEKAT ON TV ONE (PRAGMATIC APPROACH)

<p><em>This study aims to find out the types of directive speech act and politeness strategies</em><em> </em><em>used in Satu Jam Lebih Dekat talk show on TVOne. The method used in this article is descriptive</em><em> </em><em>method which describe the data systematically, factually, and accurately. The uninvolved</em><em> </em><em>conversation observation technique was used in collecting data in which this means that the present</em><em> </em><em>writer does not involve in the dialogues.</em><em> </em><em>Meanwhile, for data analysis technique, the present writer</em><em> </em><em>used pragmatic competence-in-dividing. The main theory of this article is the pragmatic theory of</em><em> </em><em>Searle’s Speech Act and Brown and Levinson’s Politeness Strategy. The results indicate that the types of directive speech act of Satu Jam Lebih Dekat program are to please, to request,</em><em> </em><em>to ask, to</em><em> </em><em>order, to invite, to forbid, to convince, to obligate, to show, to hope, to want, to warn, to advise, and</em><em> </em><em>to request. In addition, the politeness strategies are bald on</em><em> </em><em>record, positive politeness, negative</em><em> </em><em>politeness, and off record. The politeness of</em><em> </em><em>directive speech acts supports the effectiveness of talk</em><em> </em><em>show because of some factors such as types of directive speech act and politeness strategy.</em><em></em></p><p><em><br /> </em><strong><em>K</em></strong><strong><em>eywords</em></strong><em>: <strong>pragmatics, directive speech act, politeness strategy, talk show</strong></em><em></em></p>

Urban Literature: A User’s Guide

This article addresses urbanists in various fields—history, the social sciences, planning, and more—who are interested in incorporating literary works into their teaching and research and may be looking for critical approaches that connect such work to their own expertise. It begins from the premise that the traits that make a city a city present writers with opportunities to tell stories, experiment with form, make meaning, and otherwise exercise the literary imagination. When we use “urban literature” as a category of analysis, when we try to identify relationships between cities and the writing produced in and about them, we are asserting that this writing takes shape around confronting the city as a formal, social, and conceptual challenge. This article explores examples of texts ranging from Sister Carrie to I Am Legend and beyond that engage signature urban processes such as urbanization, development, and the dense overlap of orders.

Time in Fiction

There have been many studies of the nature of fictional characters: whether and what sense, they are real, and how, if not real, there can be truths apparently about them. But, as the authors of this lively, original and provocative essay point out, the ontology of fiction is by no means exhausted by the characters of fiction, and to focus mono-maniacally on characters misses some fascinating problems in the philosophy of fiction, and perhaps risks distorting one’s view of it. And one very large part of fictional ontology, without which narrative fiction would simply not exist, is time, and this is, as I think the authors can justifiably claim, the first monograph-length analytic philosophical treatment of the topic. The OUP website puts it rather more strongly, dropping the qualification ‘analytic’, which is perhaps a bit hard on Paul Ricoeur’s three-volume Time and Narrative. But those who (like the present writer) found Ricoeur’s labyrinthine study baffling could not do better than to turn to this book.

Figure of Speech in Bandung Historical Tourism Sites Naming

Many researchers do their research on figurative language or figure of speech, but it is limited research on figure of speech in historical tourism sites naming. The aim of this research is to investigate the figure of speech in historical tourism sites naming in Bandung area. The earlier study explained that the names of tourism destinations in Jawa Barat have different figure of speech and it happens to Bandung historical tourism sites naming. The method used by the present writers in this research is descriptive method. The descriptive method chosen by the present writers is used to identify and classify the names of the historical tourism sites in Bandung area as the data. From the various types of figure of speech referring to the theory, it is found that they are two types of figure of speech found in the data. The two figures of speech employed are personification (Gedung Merdeka and Gedung Indonesia Menggugat) and metaphor (Goa Belanda, Goa Jepang, Paris van Java, and Kota Kembang).

‘Có às don Chorra-Ghiullan Ghlas?’

In oral tradition, as well as in literature, the theme is well known of the young man who takes leave of his betrothed or spouse, with the agreement that she is free to (re)marry if he does not return within a specified period of time. Upon his return after many years, unrecognized, he is told that her wedding will take place that night. He sends the bride a concealed message, they are reunited and he takes possession of his former holdings. The story is central to the Odyssey of Homer, and is likely even older. In its oral versions it is widespread, particularly in Europe from medieval times, and has been given the international tale classification ATU 974 ‘The Homecoming Husband’. Interesting variants of the story have been recorded from Scottish Gaelic storytellers by Lady Evelyn Stewart Murray in Perthshire in 1900, and by the present writer in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia in 1978. The Gaelic variants are described, and situated within their international tale context.

Lack of Tenderness: The Main Culprit for the Relationship between Husband and Wife in Lady Chatterley’s Lover

This article presents the case of Chatterley and Clifford, the two main characters in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, to consider tenderness a basic working emotion to shape human relationships. The lack of tenderness causes emotional as well as physical distance in relation, especially that of male-female’s relation. The first part of the article reviews tenderness. The second part reviews how tenderness and lack of tenderness affect a male-female relationship in the selected novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. On the basis of a careful analysis of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, the present writer tries to prove that the lack of tenderness is the main culprit for the broken relationship between husband and wife: a major one of the relations between man and woman in human society and mutual tenderness elicits people awakening to a new way of living in an exterior world that is uncracking after the long winter hibernation. Lawrence, through a revelation of Connie’s gradual awakening from tenderness, has made his utmost effort to explore possible solutions to harmonious androgyny between men and women so as to revitalize the distorted human nature caused by the industrial civilization. Key words: relationship, husband and wife, tenderness, main culprit, Connie

Democracy and development in Botswana

The present writer cannot claim to be a neutral or unbiased observer of Botswana’s democracy and development, having been a victim of uncurbed presidential power in 2005, when, one Friday evening o...

Nouvelle lecture de La Statue de sel d’Albert Memmi

The author aims to present writer and sociologist Albert Memmi’s understanding of World War II and the way that Memmi expressed this understanding in his important novel, The Pillar of Salt. The book was published in 1953 at a time when most Jews still lived in Tunisia and the memory of the war was still very fresh.

Announcing an editorial change

Announcing an editorial change

The Manutius Network 2015

This past year has been marked by celebrations of the fifth centenary of the death of Aldus Manutius ( c . 1451–1515). Few printers have contributed so much to the advancement of the design of the printed book and to the publishing of the Greek and Roman classics. His family press was active in Venice from 1494 to 1598, with short-lived branches in Bologna and Rome in the mid-sixteenth century. Its publications have been collected and studied down to the present day. The Manutius Network 2015 is a website devoted to the Aldine year'. The project was developed by the present writer under the auspices of the Consortium of European Research Libraries (CERL), so as to provide a comprehensive picture of the conferences, seminars, and exhibitions taking place throughout the world in honour of Aldus Manutius, his press, and his books. The aim of the project was to inform scholars and the general public, encourage collaboration between the various organisers, and to document the activity of the bibliographical community, with the hope of benefiting present and future students of Aldus and his wide-ranging legacy. The positive response from the organisers, who generously shared details of their events, far exceeded expectations. The final list of events shown below records over fifty initiatives, from the United States to Australia, held between November 2014 and June 2016.

A royal description of madness.

The search for the description of mental illness in the community is an interesting pastime and has been attempted by many psychiatrists. The present writer has described an instance in the Tamil literature of the 2nd century CE in the Tamil Buddhist epic, Manimekalai. Presently, is given another description from the stylus of the Tamil Pallava king, Mahendravarman of the 6th century CE from his farcical drama of Mattavilasa Prahasana.

The generation and mineral associations of rock assemblages at mud volcanoes: Southeastern Siberia

We consider the main features in the formation of rock assemblages in the southern Siberian Mesozoic–Cenozoic mud volcanism area that the present writers identified. The related mineral associations and mechanism of generation were found. We identified fluid dynamic regimes of mud volcanoes with different mechanisms of mineral generation, viz., root (chamber) structures of fluid generation, as well as the channels for the transmission of the fluid–rock substratum and of hydrothermal fluids.

REPRESENTATION OF KIM JONG-UN’S SUCCESSION IN BBC NEWS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

This research attempts to reveal representation of Kim Jong-Un’s succession in BBC News through textual and discursive practice analysis. The data of this thesis are taken from BBC News website on 29 and 31 December 2011. The theory applied to seek the objective of the research is Critical Discourse Analysis developed by Fairclough. Through textual and discursive practice analysis, the writer finds pthat BBC employs more passive material clauses than active material clauses in depicting Kim Jong-Un’s succession. BBC also represents Kim Jong-Un’s succession as premature process where Kim Jong-Un is portrayed as a young and inexperienced leader. Besides the prematurity of the succession, the present writer finds that BBC represents Kim Jong-Un’s succession as continuity of Kim’s family dynasty. Thus, the succession is based on his resemblance to Kim Il-Sung, the founder of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, rather than Kim Jong-Un ability and competency.

Jonah Ibn Ǧanāḥ's Medical Dictionary, the <em>Kitāb al-Talḫīṣ</em>: Lost and Found

For decades, the Kitāb al-Talḫīṣ , a pharmacological dictionary composed by the Jewish biblical lexicographer and exegete Abū l-Walīd Marwān Ibn Ǧanāḥ (ca. 980–1040), was thought to be lost. Even its discovery in 1979 by Fuat Sezgin, who gave a brief outline of the text preserved in an Istanbul manuscript, went entirely unnoticed by the scholarly community until 2010, when Fabian Kas gave a preliminary account of the work in his masterful concordance of the minerals in Arabic pharmacognosy. During a recent study trip to the Suleymaniye Library in Istanbul, the present writer was able to examine at first hand the work preserved in MS Aya Sofia 3603. A physical description of the work and its purpose, as set out in Ibn Ǧanāḥ’s introduction, are presented, followed by a characterization of the author’s methodology. More than just a glossary, Ibn Ǧanāḥ’s Talḫīṣ, written in the adab style, draws on multiple medical, botanical and even literary and philosophical sources. Ibn Ǧanāḥ’s concept of an independent medical dictionary may have been inspired by his earlier composition of the Kitāb al-uṣūl , the Book of Roots , a bilingual biblical dictionary. Significant details of the classical Greek and Arab sources upon which Ibn Ǧanāḥ drew are discussed, along with his relation to the Qayrawān school and his exchanges with his contemporaries in al-Andalus. Of particular interest is an Arabic quote from Isaac Israeli’s Book of Elements . A list of quotations in the works of later authorities is included in an attempt to gauge the work’s influence. In conclusion, the originality of this composition is highlighted, as well as the possibility of a specifically Jewish contribution to the discipline of pharmacognosy.