Present Progressive Tense Research Articles

Variants of Present Progressive Tense Suffix in Dialects of Ankara

Variants of Present Progressive Tense Suffix in Dialects of Ankara

Persian Progressive Tense: Serial Verb Construction or Aspectual Complex Predicate?

The present and past progressive tenses in Persian are the only tenses in which both the main verb and the minor verb dâštan “to have” receive agreement marking. Morpho-syntactically, Persian progressives show the similar properties of both Aspectual Complex Predicates and Serial Verb Constructions. The question that this paper addresses is: are Persian progressive tenses Aspectual Complex Predicates or Serial Verb Constructions? By presenting the morpho-syntactic and semantic analysis of Persian progressives, and highlighting the main properties of Aspectual Complex Predicates and Serial Verb Constructions, the paper shows that, despite the similarities between these verbal constructions and Aspectual Complex Predicates, Persian progressives are instances of Serial Verb Constructions where neither a complementizer nor a conjunction separates the two verbs and the complex describes a single conceptual event.

Beyond Representation: Bridging the Chasm between the Different Grammatical Tenses

Representing the activity of experiencing in the empirical world is a formidable task because it requires a representation that remains passively immobile on its own. The activity of experiencing is about the concrete particulars addressed only in the present progressive and in the present perfect tense. The representation will come to be conceivable if the concrete particulars addressed in the present perfect happen to be identical to those addressed also in the present progressive tense. The equality serves as a universal in the present tense. Unless the present perfect tense is equated to the present progressive in the present tense, there would be no representation. Nonetheless, there is a possibility to think of a representation under the condition that it can frequently be updated. Constant update of a representation proceeds in the present progressive tense carrying the capacity of ameliorating those inconsistencies among the completed local events registered in the preceding present perfect tense. Short-lived representation can be appreciated only when we understand and view the present tense from the internalist perspective. The internalist present tense actualizes only in the limited interval over which the present perfect tense locally happens to be identical to the present progressive. Representation in the internalist present tense can cope with intrinsically dynamic situations through undermining the present tense while constantly eliminating the conflicts between the underlying present progressive and present perfect tense.

Internal Measurement in the Present Progressive Tense and Cohesion

the present tense as a theoretical concept in the form of an irreducible fun damental predicate to describe evolutionary processes. The difference rests upon the difference between the present progressive tense and the present tense employed for the description of natural dynamics. While the object referred to in the mode of the present tense could remain invariant in the dynamics as letting it be an invariant theoretical concept, the present pro gressive tense is unique in addressing the process right in progress that can be variable. Natural selection in progress to be identified as an empirical phenomenon reveals that there should be some cohesive activities among the material participants in evolutionary processes that could eventually yield a biological organization referred to as being imputed to the dynamic attribute of the process called natural selection. If a vicious tautology is to be avoided by all means at this point, the nature of such cohesive activities should be elucidated in their own light (SATTLER, 1990; PATON, 1992). Needless to say, cohesion met in evolutionary processes is materialistic in its origin (PATON & MATSUNO, 1998). Natural selection in progress to be identified as an empirical phenomenon certainly demonstrates cohesive activities in operation among the material participants in evolutionary proc esses despite the fact that natural selection in progress itself is something to be explained out instead of to explain others. Of course, these cohesive activities are not sought solely within literal electrostatic or gravitational interactions, which are taken to be major sources of attractive interaction available to physical processes. Once the nature of cohesive activities in

The origin and development of time

This paper is in the internalist tradition, in which a system is modeled as if the modeler were inside of it or part of it, as in, e.g. cosmology, or in the autopoiesis discourse of Maturana and Varela. Internally, no distinction can be made between exogenous and endogenous sources of variety and change. We acknowledge, however, that since language use is itself an externalizing practice, we will always have to struggle to remain inside as we continue to theorize. We will use concepts from Peirce, in particular, his general metaphysical categories, Firstness, Secondness and Thirdness, as well as the semiotic concepts of meaning, reference and representation. We will also use the complex causal model of Aristotle (material/formal, efficient/final causes). Our most important tool, however, will be the classification of tenses, as in past/present perfect/present/present progressive/future. We will attempt to show a logically plausible sequence in a local material system from a primordial present tense of pure duration (primal Firstness) perturbed by fluctuations (material causality) which stimulate the linked processes of semantic concretization and syntactic integration (delivering Seconds), from which emerge, respectively, the present progressive and present perfect tenses, which together initiate measurement directed at detecting and realigning internal inconsistencies with respect to a forming internal record (imposing formal causality), giving rise to habits and valuation (Thirdnesses). The finalistic tendency toward equilibration is never finished, resulting in an internal record. As this record accumulates, the resulting growth of the system generates a past tense, within which are formed generalized facts and universal maps (more Secondness) which, by reflection, generate a particular relevant Firstness for the maturing system. Efficient causality emerges internally from contingent collisions of events on parallel tracks, and arises externally from events at other locales at various scales. These prod a system forward in its finalistic tendencies to attain internal consistency. Once the past tense has emerged from the present perfect, valuation based in measurement projects a future tense by way of anticipation (formulated in the past progressive), wherein are projected external final causes (working in the future progressive tense).

Microdynamic context and macrodynamic data in biological systems

Dynamics without boundary conditions has been attempted to address an extreme subtlety of what looks like boundary conditions or constraints appeared in the biological realm. Microdynamic context accessible in first- and second-person descriptions in the present progressive tense can precipitate the robust macrodynamic data, that are retroactively couched upon the standard dynamics supplemented by specific boundary conditions framed in third-person descriptions in the present tense. Addressing dynamics in first- and second-person descriptions grounds itself upon the process of measurement internal to any material bodies. Internal measurement comes to provide a material means for naturalizing both consciousness and attentive awareness.

Retrieving talk from the simple past and the present progressive on alternative radio

The paper focuses on the interplay of grammatical forms and interaction. A host on a radio call-in show engages in various social actions such as agreement, disagreement, topic shift, and topic continuity. As he communicates these actions, the host re-formulates prior talk using the attributive verb in the simple past and present progressive tense. The choice of tense correlates closely with the type of action the host conveys. Hence the host treats tense as a social tool rather than to mark temporal events. This study argues that a study of linguistic form should include an analysis of pragmatic function in interactional practices.

Performance of Monolingual and Bilingual Five-Year-Olds under Varying Tense and Cue Conditions

Summary Twenty monolingual and 20 bilingual boys and girls responded to a series of colored drawings of simple activities in the present progressive and past tenses. One-half of the Ss responded to the task under conditions of Verbal Cues that made specific references to the time the activity took place; the other half responded without the presence of Verbal Cues. Results revealed highly significant differences on tense performance, a finding attributed to the structural and semantic differences of the present progressive and past tenses. Bilingual and monolingual children differed significantly in the way they utilized the Verbal Cues, suggesting that production does not represent the bilingual child's competence in the second language.

Technical discourse: The present progressive tense, the deictic “that,” and pronominalization∗

The paper discusses conversants' use of the present progressive tense, deictic expressions, and (non) pronominalization in discourse. The discourses analyzed are technical, explanatory exchanges. It is illustrated that such discourses display underlying structures which explain, and predict, conversants' use of these linguistic forms in the technical exchanges. The findings are compared to those obtained earlier for informal rap sessions between friends.

Breaking Out: The English Assimilation of Continental Thought in Nineteenth-Century Rome

Rome was central to the Anglo-American imagination; for Isabel Archer “in a world of ruins the ruin of her happiness seemed a less unnatural catastrophe. She rested her weariness upon things that had crumbled for centuries and yet still were upright; she dropped her secret sadness into the silence of lonely places, where its very modern quality detached itself and grew objective.… Small it was, in the large Roman record, and her haunting sense of the continuity of the human lot easily carried her from the less to the greater.” James here records (in the preterit tense) an occurrence which can be recovered from the past definite and replicated in the present and future progressive tenses – Isabel needs only to position herself before the “large Roman record” and the experience of soothing Time, Time as continuum, becomes a possibility once again. This replicable consciousness may be further specified “how it feels when one is in the happening of experiencing Time as the fluid medium of all lived experience.” Rome occasions the consciousness of an alternative time sense, one which might lighten the burden of living within a deterministic temporal dimension where past actions condition present and future actions to such an extent that one feels hopelessly locked into an imprisoning narrative pattern of before and after, cause and effect. James obviously believed that such temporal epiphanies offered root room for the psyche, a possibility of returning to the actual with renewed or composed psychic energies. (Other interpretations were, of course, possible-the complacent and self-satisfied traveller was often troubled by this extension of consciousness.) However interpreted, one finds this shock of recognition everywhere – in Canto 4 of Childe Harold, in The Education of Henry Adams, in Middlemarch and Romola, The Marble Faun, in the verse of all the major poets from Wordsworth and Keats and Shelley through both Brownings, Rogers, and Tennyson, in The Stones of Venice, Dipsychus, Amours de Voyage, and dimly in Rienzi and The Last Days of Pompeii, not to mention Harriet Beecher Stowe's less-than-immortal Agnes of Sorrento.

Effects of Context, Transformational Complexity, and Verbal Cue on Young Children's Performance on the Present Progressive and past Tenses

Abstract Eighty three-, four-, five-, and six-year-old boys and girls were presented with experimental conditions where context, transformational complexity, and verbal cue were varied, Two experimental tasks, a perceptually Concrete and an Abstract task, were included and Ss were assigned to a Verbal Cue or a Nonverbal Cue condition. All Ss responded to both the present progressive and the past tenses. Results revealed significant effects of the Age and Tense factors, and improved performance on Comprehension over Production. Younger children made fewer overall errors than older ones. Ss performed better on the present progressive than on the past tense on the perceptually Concrete task, while the reverse was true on the Abstract task. These findings demonstrate that language performance is the result of a complex interrelationship between transformational complexity and the perceptual properties of linguistic structures.

Children's auditory assembly of present progressive and past tense sentences

Auditory assembly performance of kindergarten-age children was studied using either present progressive or past tense sentences. Thirty children enrolled in kindergarten repeated six past tense sentences and six present tense sentences. Sentence length was systematically increased from six to 11 words. All responses were tape recorded and analyzed according to total errors, error types, word position, word type, and semantic information. Results indicated significantly more omission errors than substitution, nouns and verbs were best retained, and error rates increased linearly through the nine-word sentences with a greater number of errors occurring in the 10- and 11-word sentences. In addition, there was no significant difference in ability to assemble past or present progressive tense sentences. Finally, in contrast to preschool children, kindergarten-age children retained key items (noun, verb, and object) during assembly performance of all 12 sentences.