Presence Use Research Articles

The impact of situational context on assault completion: the moderating role of relational distance

Intimacy between two disputants provides insulation against the occurrence of violence. However, once violence becomes a viable option for conflict resolution, intimacy may exacerbate incident outcomes. Furthermore, because of the emotional intensity, relationally close assailants may be less attuned to the situational characteristics, a known predictor of incident outcomes such as injury. This study explores the role of relational distance as a determinant of the completion (versus the attempt or threat) of non-sexual assault, as well as a potential moderator of the relationship between situational characteristics and assault completion. The analysis uses 35,616 incidents of non-sexual assault from the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2008). A logistic regression model of assault completion is estimated, with attention devoted to the influence of relational distance, demographic, and situational characteristics. A heteroscedastic logistic regression model is then estimated, including product terms between the regressors and an indicator for whether the assailant was relationally distant (versus relationally close). Relational distance is strongly and inversely related to the likelihood of assault completion. Furthermore, 10 of 12 situational characteristics (e.g. bystander presence use of a weapon) are significantly more strongly correlated with assault completion in incidents where the victim and assailant(s) are relationally distant.

Table of Contents

Abstract Cover Story Learn how to make your unit's website informative, easy to find Institutional commitment, collaboration are keys to ensuring strong Web presence Use these tips to help students connect with your unit online A Brief Conversation with … Christy A. Horn Tool to provide guidance in accommodation process Of Counsel Athletic venues asked to accommodate hearing impaired with real‐time captioning Accommodation Learn to recognize PTSD in student‐vets to provide support Documentation Gather information that tells whole story of students' needs Managing Your Office Make the most of your staffers' skills, talents by investing in their development Etc. New AHEAD report offers data on DS providers, their units UNIVERSAL DESIGN Quick tips for creating accessibility for all Report offers tips to help student‐veterans with TBI BEYOND ACCOMMODATION Create emergency response plan for your unit Legal Roundup ACCOMMODATION Alternative methods for note‐taking ensured compliance with law OCR finds fault with institute's failure to accommodate panic attacks ACCESSIBILITY Insufficient accessible parking on game day prompts OCR complaint College must improve conditions in campus parking lots DISCRIMINATION OCR's investigation reveals that complaints were unfounded Unsubstantiated allegations get claims thrown out of court ADMISSION Defective allegations keep claim out of federal court PERSONNEL Judge relies on statements from plaintiff in dismissing claim Supervisor's written statements provide direct proof of discrimination QUICK STUDY

Hydrolysis of the soluble fluorescent molecule carboxyumbelliferyl-beta- d-glucuronide by E. coli beta-glucuronidase as applied in a rugged, in situ optical sensor

Techniques utilizing β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity as an indicator of Escherichia coli ( E. coli) presence use labeled glucuronides to produce optical signals. Carboxyumbelliferyl-β- d-glucuronide (CUGlcU) is a fluorescent labeled glucuronide that is soluble and highly fluorescent at natural water pHs and temperatures and, therefore, may be an ideal reagent for use in an in situ optical sensor. This paper reports for the first time the Michaelis–Menten kinetic parameters for the binding of E. coli GUS with CUGlcU as K m = 910 μM, V max = 41.0 μM min −1, V max/ K m 45.0 μmol L −1 min −1, the optimal pH as 6.5 ± 1.0, optimal temperature as 38 °C, and the Gibb's free energy of activation as 61.40 kJ mol −1. Additionally, it was found CUGlcU hydrolysis is not significantly affected by heavy solvents suggesting proton transfer and solvent addition that occur during hydrolysis are not limiting steps. Comparison studies were made with the more common fluorescent molecule methylumbelliferyl-β- d-glucuronide (MUGlcU). Experiments showed GUS preferentially binds to MUGlcU in comparison to CUGlcU. CUGlcU was also demonstrated in a prototype optical sensor for the detection of E. coli. Initial bench testing of the sensor produced detection of low concentrations of E. coli (1.00 × 10 3 CFU/100 mL) in 230 ± 15.1 min and high concentrations (1.05 × 10 5 CFU/100 mL) in 8.00 ± 1.01 min.

African Presence in Former Soviet Spaces

▪ Abstract This review traces accounts of African presence in the former USSR that are available in or have been cited primarily in English; many sources on this topic published in the USSR were strategically intended for Western consumption. This review tracks repetitions of tropes that link certain kinds of “blackness” to “Africa”: It observes that treating blacks in the USSR as “displaced” confirmed Soviet humanitarianism, and produced and managed anti-Western/anticapitalist forms of Soviet nationalism and federalism. We scrutinize the ways accounts of African presence use evidence of “race remnants” that implicitly position black bodies as subjects of racial dissolution and/or cultural assimilation. This leads us to question the possibility of narrating African presence in contexts ruled by logics that wed spatial displacement/placement to racial impurity/purity. More broadly, the review addresses the utility of ideals of displaced racial communities within African diasporic criticism.