Presence Of Tartrazine Research Articles

Fluorescent detection of tartrazine based on the supramolecular self-assembly of cationic perylene diimide.

A cationic perylene probe was designed and synthesized for sensitive determination of tartrazine. In the presence of tartrazine, the fluorescence of theperylene probe was quenched by efficient supramolecular self-assembly of theperylene derivate. The quenching iscaused by the synergistic effect of noncovalent interactions including static electricity, π-π stacking, and hydrophobic interaction. Benefiting from these advantages, the probe exhibited excellent sensing performance to tartrazine within 2 min. The detection and quantification limit of tartrazine are as low as 2.42 and 8.07 nmol L-1, respectively, with a wide linear operation range from 15 to 500 nmol L-1. Most importantly, due to the high binding affinity (3.22 × 107 mol L-1) between the perylene probe and tartrazine, the sensing system shows great anti-interference capacity. Subsequently, the visualization application of the approach was evaluated by portable device, and the limits of detection for visual detection for test strip, membrane, and hydrogel were 0.5, 0.5, and 5 μmol L-1, respectively. Theapproach has been applied to monitor tartrazine in various food condiments with recoveries in the range 91.29-108.83%. As far as we know, this is the first report of using perylene-based probe for tartrazine determination, offering a promising strategy for the construction of perylene-based detection system in the field of food safety.

Electrochemical detection of carmoisine in the presence of tartrazine on the surface of screen printed graphite electrode modified with nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide ultrathin nanosheets

Toxic effluents containing azo dyes are discharged from various industries and they adversely affect water resoures, soil and aquatic ecosystems. Also, excessive use of food azo dyes can be carcinogenic, toxic, and adversely affect human health. Therefore, the determination of food azo dyes is significant from the perspective of human health and aquatic organisms. In the present work, nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets were prepared and analyzed by various techniques (field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier Transform-Infrared spectroscopy). Then, the screen printed graphite electrode modified with nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets was used for the detection of carmoisine. The nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets/screen printed graphite electrode significantly improved the oxidation of carmoisine by increasing the response current and lowering potentials compared to unmodified screen printed graphite electrode. Based on the findings from differential pulse voltammetry, the nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets/screen printed graphite electrode sensor response towards carmoisine was linear (0.3–125.0 μM) with a detection limit of 0.09 μM. A sensitivity of 0.3088 μA μM−1 was achieved. Also, the nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide nanosheets/screen printed graphite electrode was used for voltammetric detection of carmoisine in the presence of tartrazine. Due to the catalytic activity of prepared layered double hydroxide, the prepared sensor exhibited remarkable separation of the peaks when carmoisine and tartrazine coexist. In addition, the prepared sensor showed good stability. Finally, the proposed sensor had promising applicability for analysis of study analytes in powdered juice and lemon juice, with commendable recoveries between 96.9%-104.8%.

Time dependent growth pattern study of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. in the presence of Tartrazine; an azo dye

Tartrazine is an azo dye that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It is also known to have a potential impact on human health. Reports indicate possible carcinogenic and mutagenic effects of the dye. Joint expert WHO/ FAO committee on food additives, Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) have defined permissible limits for the use of tartrazine in fermented food products, including probiotic drinks, yet the dye finds wide usage as an additive. This study demonstrates the probable effect of tartrazine, at different concentrations on Lactic acid bacteria commonly used as starter cultures and probiotics. This study indicates the effect of tartrazine in particular on Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium bifidum.

Electroanalytical Detection of Indigo Carmine in Presence of Tartrazine Using a Poly(dl-phenylalanine) Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode

Certain dyes are deleterious to the biological system, including animals and plants living in the water sources, soil sources, and so on. Thus, the analysis of these dyes requires a potent, quick, and cost-effective approach to the environmental samples. The present research work shows a modest, low-cost, and eco-friendly electrochemical device based on poly(dl-phenylalanine)-layered carbon nanotube paste electrode (P(PAN)LCNTPE) material for indigo carmine (ICN) detection in the presence of tartrazine. The cyclic voltammetric, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic methods were operated for the detection of the redox nature of ICN and electrode material surface activities, respectively. In better operational circumstances, P(PAN)LCNTPE provided better catalytic activity for the redox action of ICN than the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode. The P(PAN)LCNTPE showed good electrochemical activity during the variation of ICN concentrations ranging from 0.2 µM to 10.0 µM with improved peak current, and the limit of detection was about 0.0216 µM. Moreover, the P(PAN)LCNTPE material was performed as a sensor of ICN in a tap water sample and shows adequate stability, repeatability, and reproducibility.

Fluorescent N, S co-doped carbon dots for tartrazine sensing and mechanistic perception of their radical scavenging activity

Blue fluorescent, biocompatible, nitrogen & sulphur co-doped carbon dots (NSCDs), prepared via microwave-assisted pyrolysis of tartaric acid and thiourea, have been explored as a fluorescent probe for selective and sensitive detection of the yellow-coloured food additive, tartrazine, in the aqueous medium through fluorescence quenching mechanism. The NSCDs (quantum yield ∼ 26%) exhibited static quenching in presence of tartrazine with the limit of detection (LOD) of 48 nM in the linear concentration range from 1 to 50 μM. In addition, NSCDs have also been investigated for their antioxidant activity by probing their ability to scavenge various reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxide, hydroxyl, and KMnO4) along with their total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radicals premised on UV–Vis spectroscopy. From pH-dependent UV–Vis and EPR spectroscopy studies, the scavenging of DPPH free radicals by the NSCDs was affirmed to follow the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism in an acidic medium while the proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism was predominant in alkaline medium.

Detection of tartrazine in fake saffron containing products by a sensitive optical nanosensor

A fluorescent assay for the selective analysis of tartrazine was developed. Tartrazine is a health-threatening food additive commonly used as fake saffron. An optical nanosensor was fabricated based on molecular imprinting technique in which carbon dots (CDs) as fluorophores and tartrazine as a template molecule were embedded in molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) matrix. The synthesized CDs embedded in MIP (CDs-MIP) was characterized by various methods. The fluorescence intensity of (CDs-MIP) was selectively quenched in the presence of tartrazine in comparison with other similar food color additives. The correlation between the quenching of CD-MIP and the concentration of tartrazine was used as an optical sensing for rapid detection of tartrazine in the range of 3.3–20.0 nM (1.8–10.7 μg L−1) with detection limit of 1.3 nM (0.70 μg L−1). Eventually, the designed nanosensor was successfully applied for tartrazine detection in foodstuffs such as fake saffron, saffron tea and saffron ice cream samples.

Tandem Structures Semiconductors Based on TiO2_SnO2 and ZnO_SnO2 for Photocatalytic Organic Pollutant Removal.

The photocatalyst materials correlation with the radiation scenario and pollutant molecules can have a significant influence on the overall photocatalytic efficiency. This work aims to outline the significance of optimizing the components mass ratio into a tandem structure in order to increase the photocatalytic activity toward pollutant removal. ZnO_SnO2 and TiO2_SnO2 tandem structures were obtained by the doctor blade technique using different mass ratios between the components. The samples contain metal oxides with crystalline structures and the morphology is influenced by the main component. The photocatalytic activity was tested using three radiation scenarios (UV, UV-Vis, and Vis) and two pollutant molecules (tartrazine and acetamiprid). The results indicate that the photocatalytic activity of the tandem structures is influenced by the radiation wavelength and pollutant molecule. The TiO2_SnO2 exhibit 90% photocatalytic efficiency under UV radiation in the presence of tartrazine, while ZnO_SnO2 exhibit 73% photocatalytic efficiency in the same experimental conditions. The kinetic evaluation indicate that ZnO_SnO2 (2:1) have a higher reaction rate comparing with TiO2_SnO2 (1:2) under UV radiation in the presence of acetamiprid.

Determination and stability testing method of chlorpheniramine maleate in the presence of tartrazine using HPLC

The single-component CPM tablet mostly used sodium tartrazine as the yellow coloring agent. Sodium tartrazine is soluble in solvents used to extract CPM from tablet and suspected interference CPM determination especially after forced degradation for stability indication testing of CPM tablets. This study aimed to develop a selective, accurate and precise method for determination and stability testing of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in the presence of tartrazine in the tablet. A µBondapak ® C18 column (3.9 x 300 mm, 10 µm) with diode array detector was used for separation. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol and 0.2% triethylamine (90:10) with a flow rate of 2 mL/minutes. The validated HPLC method was used for CPM determination in tablet samples that had been forced degraded using dry heat at 105 o C, UV radiation of 254 nm, hydrolysis with 1N NaOH, 1N HCl and oxidation using 5% H 2 O 2 . The HPLC chromatogram showed that CPM split into chlorpheniramine (CP) and maleic acid (MA). Resolution (Rs) among CP and the other analytes especially with the products resulting from the forced degradation by heat, UV radiation, HCl, and H 2 O 2 were good. The CPM hydrolysis using NaOH caused the CP not completely separated from the degradation product due to tailing or overlapping peaks. The proposed HPLC method was valid for the determination of CPM in tablets containing tartrazine. Even though the stability-indicating method was inadequate especially for the result of the CPM hydrolysis process using NaOH.

Development of Polymer Modified Electrochemical Sensor for the Determination of Alizarin Carmine in the Presence of Tartrazine

AbstractThe textile dye Alizarin Carmine (AC) was electrochemically investigated at poly(Glycine) modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (PGMCNTPE) using cyclic voltammetry technique. AC was electrochemically oxidized at 0.782 V with peak height 26.96 μA and it was simultaneously detected with Tartrazine at PGMCNTPE. The surface characteristics of the bare carbon nanotube paste electrode and the PGMCNTPE were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy images. The limit of detection, and limit of quantification were evaluated to be 9.81×10−7 M and 3.2×10−6 M, respectively. This proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of AC in sewage water.

NiFe2O4-rGO/ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode: An amplified electrochemical sensitive sensor for determination of Sunset Yellow in the presence of Tartrazine and Allura Red

In this paper, using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as an ionic liquid (IL) and NiFe2O4-rGO nanocomposite (IL/NiFe2O4/rGO/CPE), a sensitive and effective electrochemical sensor is applied to analyze Sunset Yellow. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are employed to characterize the synthesized NiFe2O4-rGO nanocomposite. The oxidation peak currents of colorants were obtained by CV and DPV techniques; and as a result, the two linear ranges from 0.05 to 30 μM (R2 = 0.9939) and 30 to 500 μM (R2 = 0.9953) along with LOD of 0.03 μM for Sunset Yellow is obtained. The proposed sensor is successfully applied to determine the Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine and Allura Red in PBS (pH 3). The IL/NiFe2O4/rGO/CPE displays a high performance for analysis of these dyes in hair shampoo and an orange juice as real samples with acceptable results.

Comparison of UV-spectrophotometry and high- performance liquid chromatography for determination of chlorpheniramine maleate in tablet in the presence of tartrazine

The presence of tartrazine, yellow coloring agent, suspected to interfere with the CPM determination in CPM tablets using direct spectrophotometry or high performance liquid chromatography. Overlap spectra of tartrazine and CPM at an analytical wavelength and peak tailing were the main problem occurs in CPM tablets analysis. The aim of this study was to develop a derivative UV spectrophotometry and a modified HPLC to overcome the problem in CPM tablet analysis. Both validated methods were applied for the determination of CPM content in three registered CPM tablets. As a result, the first derivative spectrophotometry method obtained the δA/δλ of tartrazine in matrix tablet was nearly zero at the wavelength of 232 nm and did not interfere with the δA/δλ of CPM. The selective mobile phase for separation of CPM from tartrazine using HPLC method was a mixture of phosphate buffer pH 4 and methanol (60:40 v/v) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The CPM separated from tartrazine and other peaks in sample(s) with Rs of >1.5 The linearity, accuracy, and precision of these two methods fulfilled the reference requirement. No significant difference observed between the CPM content in artificial tablets when analyzed using first-derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC method. The concentration of CPM in one registered tablet that had been assayed using spectrophotometry, HPLC and the standard method was not significantly different. As a conclusion first-derivative spectrophotometry and HPLC method were valid for the determination of CPM in a tablet containing tartrazine. However, the first-derivative spectrophotometry method was more efficient than HPLC.

Preferential solvation and perichromic behavior of the dyes indigo carmine, amaranth and tartrazine: Spectroscopic approach using binary mixtures

The spectroscopic characteristics of three food dyes, two azo dyes (amaranth and tartrazine) and one indigo dye (indigo carmine), were studied using five amphiprotic alcohols in solvent mixtures: water-methanol, water-ethanol, water-iso-propanol, water-n-propanol and water-t-butanol. The preferential solvation of each dye in different binary mixtures was investigated. The dyes studied are widely used as food dyes and although they do not have solvatochromic properties slight spectroscopic changes were observed in the binary mixtures in the presence of tartrazine and indigo carmine. Tartrazine (TTY) presented spectral changes at the maximum wavelength (λmax) in the ultraviolet region while indigo carmine (INC) presented spectral changes at λmax in the visible region of the electronic spectrum. The parameters obtained from the nonlinear fit of the preferential solvation (PS) indicate that with the use of TTY as a spectroscopic probe the parameters f12/1 and f2/1 being >1 for the mixtures water-iso-propanol and water-t-butanol for which the values are less than 1 (<1), indicating that the solute is preferentially solvated by water rather than alcohol. The use of INC as a colorimetric probe provides a similar profile and it is preferentially solvated by water.

A novel voltammetric platform based on dysprosium oxide for the sensitive determination of sunset yellow in the presence of tartrazine

This study reports the preparation of a novel voltammetric platform based on the modification of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and dysprosium oxide (Dy2O3) nanoparticles. The electrode material was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction method (XRD). The novel platform (Dy2O3NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) was applied for the voltammetric determination of sunset yellow (SY) in the presence of tartrazine (TAR). SY was first adsorbed at the surface of Dy2O3NPs/MWCNTs/GCE by keeping it into a solution of SY for 200 s. Afterwards, the proposed platform was washed with ultrapure water and transferred with the adsorbed species in a voltammetric cell containing only 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Then, the novel platform (Dy2O3NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity and presented improved voltammetric responses when compared to other electrodes. The novel platform produced an improved anodic peak at 0.705 V and a corresponding cathodic peak at 0.690 V for SY and an irreversible anodic peak at 0.957 V for TAR. When compared to the electrode modified with only MWCNTs, a remarkable increase in current response and a electrocatalytic activity of the proposed platform were observed for SY and TAR at a GCE modified with both MWCNTs and Dy2O3NPs. A linear relationship was obtained between the current response and the concentration of SY over range of 1.0 × 10−9 M − 1.4 × 10−7 M with an LOD of 3.5 × 10−10 M using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The proposed procedure provided an accurate and a precise quantification to the analysis of food and pharmaceutical samples.

Oxidation of tartrazine with ultraviolet light emitting diodes: pH and duty cycles effects.

The presence of tartrazine (TAR) in the water cycle poses serious threats to human health. This study investigated the used of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the advanced oxidation of TAR under different pH and duty cycle (DC) conditions. The first order reaction rate constant for TAR oxidation was positively correlated with DC, negatively correlated with pH, and typically greatest at pH 6. Chemical byproduct analysis indicated that OH addition, H abstraction, and electron transfer without molecule transfer were among the relevant reaction mechanisms for TAR degradation. Six byproducts were identified, four were reported for the first time, and two demonstrated that TAR rings were cleaved. This research is the first to determine the optimal pH for UVLED-driven oxidation of TAR and the first to identify new TAR-related byproducts from UVLED-based water treatment.

Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in the Presence of Tartrazine in Tablets Using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Tartrazine is a colouring substance suspected to interfere with the determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in tablet analyzed using USP39/NF34 method. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to separate tartrazine using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), and five microliters of samples with standard solution were spotted on the HPTLC plate of silica gel 60 F254. Furthermore, the result showed the ability of a mixture of isopropanol and NH4OH (24:6 v/v) as a mobile phase to separate tartrazine and maleic acid from chlorpheniramine, with Rs value of > 1.5. Meanwhile, the HPTLC validation method used were as follows: linearity of CPM in the range concentration of 400-5000 ppm was 0.998, while the accuracy and precision was 99.93 % and 3.50%, respectively. In addition, drug determination in the registered tablets was conducted using the proposed technique, which showed that concentrations in samples met the specifications as stated in USP39/NF34 monography.

An electrochemical-amplified-platform based on the nanostructure voltammetric sensor for the determination of carmoisine in the presence of tartrazine in dried fruit and soft drink samples

This work demonstrates the fabrication of a carbon paste electrode containing NiO/CNTs modified with 1-methyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide as the binder (CPE/1-M-3BIBr/NiO/CNTs), and its applications related to the highly sensitive detection of carmoisine. The CPE/1-M-3BIBr/NiO/CNTs system was successfully utilized for the nanomolar determination of carmoisine at pH = 7.0. The CPE/1-M-3BIBr/NiO/CNTs successfully resolved the oxidation signals of carmoisine and tartrazine with a peak separation of 450 mV. This is the first time that an application of an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of carmoisine and tartrazine, two important azo dyes, has been reported. In addition, wide dynamic linear concentration ranges (70–650 μM for carmoisine and 0.1–750 μM for tartrazine), low detection limits (20 nM for carmoisine and 0.06 μM tartrazine) and excellent reproducibility were reported. The CPE/1-M-3BIBr/NiO/CNTs were successfully used for the analysis of carmoisine and tartrazine in dried fruit and soft drink samples.

An Electrochemical Sensor for Analysis of Food Red 17 in the Presence of Tartrazine in Food Products Amplified with CdO/rGO Nanocomposite and 1,3-Dipropylimidazolium Bromide

Carbon paste electrode amplified with CdO nanoparticle (spherical shape) decorated onto graphene nanosheet and 1,3-dipropylimidazolium bromide (CdO-NP/rGO/1,3-DPZBr/CPE) was fabricated and suggested as an electrochemical sensor for analysis of Food Red 17 in the presence of tartrazine. At pH 3.0 as best condition, the electrooxidation wave of a potential 850 mV was observed for Food Red 17. On the other hand, due to high conductivity of 1,3-DPZBr and large surface area of CdO-NP/rGO, we detect a high oxidation sensitivity for analysis of Food Red 17. The CdO-NP/rGO/1,3-DPZBr/CPE showed a good ability for resolving of Food Red 17 and tartrazine oxidation signals as two important dye colors. As a result, we found dynamic range of 4.0 nM–8.0 μM with detection limit 1.0 nM for analysis of Food Red 17 at a surface of the CdO-NP/rGO/1,3-DPZBr/CPE. The CdO-NP/rGO/1,3-DPZBr/CPE was used for analysis of Food Red 17 in washing liquid, ice cream, and jelly powder samples.

Multispectroscopic and calorimetric studies on the binding of the food colorant tartrazine with human hemoglobin

Interaction of the food colorant tartrazine with human hemoglobin was studied using multispectroscopic and microcalorimetric techniques to gain insights into the binding mechanism and thereby the toxicity aspects. Hemoglobin spectrum showed hypochromic changes in the presence of tartrazine. Quenching of the fluorescence of hemoglobin occurred and the quenching mechanism was through a static mode as revealed from temperature dependent and time-resolved fluorescence studies. According to the FRET theory the distance between β-Trp37 of hemoglobin and bound tartrazine was evaluated to be 3.44nm. Synchronous fluorescence studies showed that tartrazine binding led to alteration of the microenvironment around the tryptophans more in comparison to tyrosines. 3D fluorescence and FTIR data provided evidence for conformational changes in the protein on binding. Circular dichroism studies revealed that the binding led to significant loss in the helicity of hemoglobin. The esterase activity assay further complemented the circular dichroism data. Microcalorimetric study using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed the binding to be exothermic and driven largely by positive entropic contribution. Dissection of the Gibbs energy change proposed the protein-dye complexation to be dominated by non-polyelectrolytic forces. Negative heat capacity change also corroborated the involvement of hydrophobic forces in the binding process.

Tartrazine modified activated carbon for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III)

A two in one attempt for the removal of tartrazine and metal ions on activated carbon has been developed. The method was based on the modification of activated carbon with tartrazine then its application for the removal of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions at different pH values. Tartrazine adsorption data were modelled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacities q m were 121.3, 67 and 56.7 mg g −1 at initial pH values of 1.0, 6.0 and 10, respectively. The adsorption of tartrazine onto activated carbon followed second-order kinetic model. The equilibrium time was found to be 240 min at pH 1.0 and 120 min at pH 10 for 500 mg L −1 tartrazine concentration. A maximum removal of 85% was obtained after 1 h of contact time. The presence of tartrazine as modifier enhances attractive electrostatic interactions between metal ions and carbon surface. The adsorption capacity for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) ions has been improved with respect to non-modified carbon reaching a maximum of 140%. The adsorption capacity was found to be a pH dependent for both modified and non-modified carbon with a greater adsorption at higher pH values except for Cr(III). The enhancement percent of Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cr(III) at different pH values was varied from 28% to 140% with respect to non-modified carbon. The amount of metal ions adsorbed using static regime was 11–40% higher than that with dynamic mode. The difference between adsorption capacities could be attributed to the applied flow rate.

Determination of Patent Blue V (E131) at a Nafion‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

AbstractPatent Blue V was determined in aqueous solutions at a Nafion‐coated glassy carbon electrode using a DPV technique. Preliminary cyclic voltammetric studies allowed to choose the most sensitive peak and a further DPV study allowed determining the analyte in the 10−7–10−6 M range, with a detection limit equal to 7.6×10−8 M, two orders of magnitude lower than at a bare GC electrode. The modified electrode was applied to the analysis of matrices of alimentary concern in presence of tartrazine. Thanks to the method high sensitivity, very diluted samples can be analyzed minimizing the matrix effects.