NiFe2O4-rGO/ionic liquid modified carbon paste electrode: An amplified electrochemical sensitive sensor for determination of Sunset Yellow in the presence of Tartrazine and Allura Red

Abstract

In this paper, using a carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as an ionic liquid (IL) and NiFe2O4-rGO nanocomposite (IL/NiFe2O4/rGO/CPE), a sensitive and effective electrochemical sensor is applied to analyze Sunset Yellow. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) are employed to characterize the synthesized NiFe2O4-rGO nanocomposite. The oxidation peak currents of colorants were obtained by CV and DPV techniques; and as a result, the two linear ranges from 0.05 to 30 μM (R2 = 0.9939) and 30 to 500 μM (R2 = 0.9953) along with LOD of 0.03 μM for Sunset Yellow is obtained. The proposed sensor is successfully applied to determine the Sunset Yellow, Tartrazine and Allura Red in PBS (pH 3). The IL/NiFe2O4/rGO/CPE displays a high performance for analysis of these dyes in hair shampoo and an orange juice as real samples with acceptable results.