Presence Of Someone Research Articles

Prevalence of smoking among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Objectives:This study was conducted to examine the prevalence of smoking and habits of smoking among male secondary school students in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward it.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jeddah, using a two-stage cluster sampling, randomly selecting 4 out of 85 government male secondary schools. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire eliciting responses to questions on personal background, smoking behavior, knowledge, behavior, and attitude toward smoking. A total of 695 students responded to the questionnaires with 87.4% response rate.Results:Of the studied group, 258 (37%) currently smoked, and of these, 83.7% had started smoking at the age of 14 years or less. The most common reason for smoking was the influence of family, especially the presence of someone at home who smoked (65, 9%) and friends who smoked (42.5%). Many of the students search for information on the risks of smoking (66.3%), and only (45.3%) knew about the bad effects of passive smoking on others. Two-third of the students who smoked wanted to quit smoking (63.2%), especially if suitable help was offered, whereas (60.9%) had tried to quit. While 50% of students smoked for recreation and entertainment, and (33.6%) had difficulty avoiding smoking in no smoking areas.Conclusion:A well-planned integrated antismoking campaign is urgently required, especially among students and teachers. The study revealed that the prevalence of smoking was high. This will contribute to an increase in smoking-related health problems in the future if proper preventive measures are not taken.

Phantoms in Organizations

Eric Berne used the term phantom to refer to the continuing presence of someone in the group imago after he or she has left the group (Berne, 1963/2005). This concept can be useful in consultancy work with organizations as a tool for managing employee terminations and/or other interruptions in collaboration. This article explains the concepts of the formal aims (either social or manifest) and real aims (either psychological or hidden) of organizations, factors that must be considered if organizational work is to have a positive outcome and if it is to avoid creating phantoms that damage effective functioning. The more the formal and real aims are the same, the less likely it is that phantoms will be created. If they diverge, there is a greater risk that destabilizing phantoms will appear. This article considers the role of organizational leaders in preventing or creating phantoms and some procedures for managing such phenomena.

The process leading to affirmation of life with cleft lip and cleft palate: The importance of acquiring coherence

The objectives of this study were to understand the experiences of people with cleft lip and cleft palate (CLCP) and to describe the processes and factors leading to the acquisition of high self-esteem. Semi-structured interviews were conducted of 19 subjects with CLCP recruited via hospitals and through snowball sampling, and the results were analyzed qualitatively, comparing high and low self-esteem groups. Participants with high self-esteem had gone through the phases of "noticing their difference from others", "knowing about and deepening their understanding of CLCP", "no denial of their life with CLCP" and "affirmation of life with CLCP". Seven factor categories including "received sufficient explanation of CLCP condition (from parents) in the early stage", "have not received negative messages about CLCP" and "feeling the presence of someone who accepts their feelings and supports them" were extracted as factors promoting these processes. Knowing about and understanding CLCP enables individuals to acquire a sense of coherence in their lives, which may be related to gaining a feeling of control over their cleft condition, acquiring a sense of autonomy, and finding a meaning for their lives. Thus, medical professionals should provide explanations that enable patients to understand CLCP, and also facilitate interaction between patients with the same condition.

Cabs, male drivers and midnight commuting: manufacturing respectability of the unmarried women agents of call centers in India

The present paper discusses the role of cabs and the presence of other men in the cab in manufacturing respectability for the unmarried women agents of call centers in India. The night shift, an intrinsic part of work, at call centers in India demands mobility and access to public space during nights for its women employees. The paper elaborates how the relation between gender and space is evolving in the backdrop of the presence of someone trusted, through a shift from private patriarchy to public patriarchy for the women agents while accessing the public space. The paper is based on a total of sixty-one qualitative interviews conducted with unmarried women call center employees and parents based in Gurgaon, India.

Follow-up Study of Continuation versus Discontinuation of Home Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

[Purpose] The purposes of the present study were to understand and to analyze the current situation, including lifestyle and environmental factors, of type 2 diabetes patients receiving treatment, in order to identify factors facilitating the continuation of exercise therapy and thereby determine the optimal focus of care instructions. [Methods] The subjects were patients with type 2 diabetes admitted to Hachinohe City Hospital for instructional purposes, for whom individual exercise therapies were prescribed. All the subjects were discharged from the hospital 3 years or more before participating in the study. The subjects were asked via telephone interview whether they were still exercising after discharge from hospital. Based on the results of the telephone survey, a univariate analysis (bivariate logistic regression analysis of parameters affecting the continuation or discontinuation of exercise) was performed to determine the significance of each parameter. [Results] The following factors were identified as facilitating the continuation of exercise therapy: 1) goal setting, 2) absence of impeding factors, 3) operant conditioning, 4) self-monitoring, 5) presence of someone providing instruction on how to exercise, 6) confidence in exercising even when busy doing household duties or working, 7) suffering no disadvantage from exercising, 8) use of exercise facilities and 9) age (advanced age was associated with a higher continuation rate). [Conclusion] To our knowledge, no previous study has focused on which instruction method is optimal based on follow-up survey results. Targeted care instruction can be provided by statistically analyzing differences between patients who continue exercising and those who do not and incorporating the results of the analysis into exercise instruction.

Age-Specific Characteristics of Serious Suicide Attempters in China

Characteristics of four age groups of patients with medically serious suicide attempts from nine general hospitals in China (N = 617) were compared. There were no significant age-group differences by residence (rural vs. urban), method of attempt, proportion with prior attempts, or level of family functioning. Attempters < or = 20 years of age were less likely to use alcohol at the time of the attempt. Attempters age 20-44 years had less regular contact with family members but were more likely to make the attempt in the presence of someone else. And attempters > or = 45 years were more likely to have high suicidal intent, lower quality of life, mood disorders, and substance abuse disorders. These results highlight the need for age-specific intervention programs for suicide attempters.

Cry of Nature: A Plant Interfaces with the World Using Music

Plants react to the environmental variables like heat, humidity, wind, light and even touch of a person or the presence of someone in the vicinity, and these changes are reflected to the bioelectric potential of the plant. So it is envisioned that using these changes in bioelectricity a plant may communicate with the world by synthesizing sounds. Within this study a plant interfaces with the world using our Cry of Nature platform that converts these bioelectrical responses to sounds.

University students’ explanations for their descriptions of people who stutter: An exploratory mixed model study

Semantic differential instruments are often used to assess fluent speakers’ attitudes toward people who stutter (PWS). Such instruments are prone to response bias and often lack the power to explain respondents’ general impressions of PWS. To address these concerns 149 fluent university students completed an open-ended questionnaire in which they described PWS and provided an explanation for their descriptions. A mixed model design with a qualitative emphasis allowed for thematic as well as quantitative data analysis. The results suggest that individuals may have simultaneously positive and negative attitudes toward PWS regardless of gender or familiarity with PWS. Multiple explanations were provided and took into account personal and societal reactions to stuttering. Fluent speakers appear to perceive PWS as being likeable individuals who are poor communicators, a combination of high-warmth and low-competence that elicits pity and passive harm from listeners according to social psychologists ( Cuddy et al., 2008). The implications of these findings and future research directions are discussed. Educational objectives After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) describe issues of concern related to the measurement of attitudes toward PWS; (2) describe how mixed (qualitative and quantitative) designs can contribute to a deeper understanding of fluent speakers’ attitudes toward PWS; and (3) discuss how the ways in which fluent speakers’ thoughts about stuttering and PWS can influence their emotions and behaviors when in the presence of someone who stutters.

Adaptive specializations, social exchange, and the evolution of human intelligence

Blank-slate theories of human intelligence propose that reasoning is carried out by general-purpose operations applied uniformly across contents. An evolutionary approach implies a radically different model of human intelligence. The task demands of different adaptive problems select for functionally specialized problem-solving strategies, unleashing massive increases in problem-solving power for ancestrally recurrent adaptive problems. Because exchange can evolve only if cooperators can detect cheaters, we hypothesized that the human mind would be equipped with a neurocognitive system specialized for reasoning about social exchange. Whereas humans perform poorly when asked to detect violations of most conditional rules, we predicted and found a dramatic spike in performance when the rule specifies an exchange and violations correspond to cheating. According to critics, people's uncanny accuracy at detecting violations of social exchange rules does not reflect a cheater detection mechanism, but extends instead to all rules regulating when actions are permitted (deontic conditionals). Here we report experimental tests that falsify these theories by demonstrating that deontic rules as a class do not elicit the search for violations. We show that the cheater detection system functions with pinpoint accuracy, searching for violations of social exchange rules only when these are likely to reveal the presence of someone who intends to cheat. It does not search for violations of social exchange rules when these are accidental, when they do not benefit the violator, or when the situation would make cheating difficult.

A “good death”: perspectives of Muslim patients and health care providers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Twelve “good death” principles have been identified that apply to Westerners. This study aimed to review the TFHCOP good death perception to determine its validity for Muslim patients and health care providers, and to identify and describe other components of the Muslim good death perspective.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Participants included 284 Muslims of both genders with different nationalities and careers. We used a 12-question questionnaire based on the 12 principles of the TFHCOP good death definition, followed by face-to-face interviews. We used descriptive statistics to analyze questionnaire responses. However, for new themes, we used a grounded theory approach with a “constant comparisons” method.RESULT:On average, each participant agreed on eight principles of the questionnaire. Dignity, privacy, spiritual and emotional support, access to hospice care, ability to issue advance directives, and to have time to say goodbye were the top priorities. Participants identified three main domains. The first domain was related to faith and belief. The second domain included some principles related to self-esteem and person>s image to friends and family. The third domain was related to satisfaction about family security after the death of the patient. Professional role distinctions were more pronounced than were gender or nationality differences.CONCLUSION:Several aspects of «good death,» as perceived by Western communities, are not recognized as being important by many Muslim patients and health care providers. Furthermore, our study introduced three novel components of good death in Muslim society.

An International Perspective on Ultrasound Training and Use for Thyroid and Parathyroid Disease

Use of ultrasound (USN) by endocrine surgeons has dramatically increased. Presently, optimal training and certification requirements have not been standardized at any level (resident/fellow/attending). We sought to define the types of USN training endocrine surgeons receive and how USN is employed in practice. We hypothesized that in more recent years fellowship-trained endocrine surgeons were more likely to receive formal training in the use of USN during their endocrine surgery fellowship. A survey link was sent via email to a large group of endocrine surgeons around the world asking about the settings in which they received USN training, the type of instruction received, current use of USN, and other various questions. chi(2) analysis was performed and P < 0.05 was considered significant. One hundred twenty-one surveys were collected from respondents in 27 countries. Median time from completion of residency to the present was 17 years (range = 2-49). Fifty-nine percent of both fellowship- and nonfellowship-trained endocrine surgeons currently use USN in their practice. Of those currently performing USN, 38% reported no USN training of any kind (47% international vs. 23% United States). USN experience among international and U.S. residents was not different (P = 0.27). Fifty-nine percent of respondents reported completing an endocrine surgery fellowship; of those, 85% reported no formal USN training. Forty-one percent reported not being comfortable performing USN at the completion of their endocrine surgery fellowships, requiring the presence of someone else to assist with the exam. USN training among endocrine surgeons varies widely around the world. Despite an increase in the number of formal endocrine surgery fellowships offered, it does not appear that the number with formal USN training and certification has increased. Formal USN certification is achieved in only a minority of cases among practicing endocrine surgeons. It is currently unknown whether there is a difference in competency between endocrine surgeons with formal versus informal USN training.

10 Tools for Becoming a Great Networker

![Figure][1] 1. Do your homework. If you know you’re going to be in a specific situation or in the presence of someone with whom you want to connect, come prepared with some advance knowledge or something that will connect you in a memorable way. 2. Take names. We align our mission

A relational psychoanalysis perspective on the necessity of acknowledging failure in order to restore the facilitating and containing features of the intersubjective relationship (the shared third)

Relational psychoanalysis has emphasized that the analyst’s awareness of her failures in recognition and hurtful re-opening of old wounds requires of her an internal struggle with self-regulation, with her own shame and guilt. This struggle takes place in the watchful presence of someone who is (sometimes hypervigilantly) listening to and monitoring the signs of the analyst’s internal state. If, in response to the patient’s hyper-arousal, the analyst retreats from the ‘music’ of mutual regulation (Knoblauch, 2000) into a dissociative use of observation in order to calm down, the patient can feel it. If, however, we are mindful of our failures, gradually we will learn together to recover from ruptures in attunement, and thus become sensitive to and use more effectively the inexplicable gaps created by the patient’s unintegrated or warring self-parts and the analyst’s failure to contain them. Thus moments of excess that fail to evoke a mirroring knowledge can serve instead to signal the unformulated, undifferentiated malaise, despair or fear. This perspective on ruptures represents an amplification of my original articulation of the process of mutual recognition as one of breakdown and restoration of intersubjective space (Benjamin, 1988). This expanded relational perspective includes the awareness of multiple self-parts that create different dyadic pairings within the same relationship and a view of intersubjectivity that emphasizes not just the fact of mutual influence (Stolorow and Atwood) but the consciousness that that there is a bi-directional dance between patient and analyst that each person registers differently – a cocreated dance governed by what we call the third (Ogden, 1994). In previous discussions of the intersubjective third I have distinguished between ‘a primordial third’, which refers to the musical or rhythmic exchange of gestures between caretaker and child as well as the procedural principles of lawful relating that underlie it, and a ‘symbolic third’, which makes use of more developed narrative elements and involves procedural rules based on consensus, negotiation, and recognition, especially recognition of the other’s separate subjectivity (Benjamin, 2004). Because of the inevitability that things will sometimes go wrong, that we will enact frightening and shameful aspects of our internal world that both Int J Psychoanal (2009) 90:441–450 doi: 10.1111/j.1745-8315.2009.00163.x

Adolescent Perceptions of Teen Births

To investigate teens' perceptions of the costs and rewards of teen births, potential interventions to prevent teen pregnancy, and the presence of someone with whom teens could discuss sexuality. Seventeen focus groups were conducted to solicit individual views, group interactions, and shared meanings. Purposive methods accessed a sample of teens considered at risk of teen pregnancy based on their membership in selected community service and teen groups. Teen parents and nonparents (n = 120), from 12 to 19 years of age, were asked about their lives and stresses and the costs and rewards related to teen births. This study yielded rich data about the consequences of teen births. Data were organized in the domains of Impact on relationships, Impact on vocation, and Impact on self. The data reflected the cost and reward themes in each domain. Though teens believed that there were positives of teen births, early childbearing was considered "hard" in many aspects. These perceptions may be used to guide programs, policies, messages, and curricula with the intent to prevent teen pregnancy. These initiatives may be more effective if informed by teens and guided by their perceptions.

‘Being left out’ and ‘being alone in the presence of someone’ – what is the difference?

This paper describes the observation of a little girl, Dora, an unexpected child of an immigrant couple in their late thirties, who was growing up in a guesthouse-like environment with many people, emphasizing the ostensibly similar but essentially different emotional states of ‘being left out’ and ‘being alone in the presence of someone’. I will describe Dora's relationship with her father which had a different quality to that she had with her mother, and reflect on my own experience of being a male observer. In the conclusions I suggest some possible trans-generational transmissions of unconscious feelings between mother and Dora, that is, mother's childhood experience probably has an impact on her way of looking after Dora.

What Factors Increase Anxiety and Depression in Advanced Heart Failure?

What Factors Increase Anxiety and Depression in Advanced Heart Failure? Alvina Ter-Galstanyan 1 , Lorraine S. Evangelista 1 , Debra K. Moser 2 , Terry Lennie 2 , Marla DeJong 2 , Misook Chung 2 , Gregg C. Fonarow 3 ; 1 School of Nursing, UCLA, LA, CA; 2 School of Nursing, UK, Lexington, KY; 3 School of Nursing, UPenn, Philadelphia, PA; 4 School of Medicine, UCLA, LA, CA Background: For many individuals, the diagnosis of heart failure (HF) provides a great emotional challenge that may lead to anxiety and depression, thus jeopardiz- ing their overall mental health and ultimately may contribute to morbidity and mor- tality. Further research on determinants of anxiety and depression in this population is needed to provide insight on potential approaches for minimizing anxiety and depres- sion.We examined the incidence of anxiety and depression in a cohort of advanced systolic HF patients and tested the hypothesis that perceived control, financial stabil- ity, and emotional support (i.e., presence of someone in whom to confide) is associ- ated with the development of anxiety and depression. Methods: Data were collected from 241 patients from a single HF clinic using the Brief Symptom Inventory-Anx- iety, the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale, and the Control Attitude Scale to report anxiety, depression, and perceived control scores, respectively. To measure financial stability and emotional support, patients were asked: 1) how well their household income allowed them to make ends meet, and 2) whether they had someone in whom to confide. Results: Patients were age, 56.7 6 13.0 years, male (70%), Caucasian (70%), retired (75%), and married (81%), NYHA Class III (53.9%) with mean LVEF, 31.2 6 5.4) In all, 38.2% of the patients scored above the normative level for anxiety, and 19.9%, above the normative level for depression. In a multivariate analysis, perceived control (odds ratio [OR] 5 .890; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5 .827 -.957, p 5 .002) and depression (OR 5 1.229; 95% CI 5 1.143e1.321, p ! .001) were independent predictors of anxiety. Perceived control (OR 5 .892; 95% CI 5 .814-.977, p 5 .014), financial stability (OR 5 2.511; 95% CI 5 1.345e4.688, p 5 .004),emotional support (OR 5 .921; 95% CI 5 .873-.972, p 5 .003), and anxiety (OR 5 1.842; 95% CI 5 1.298e2.614, p 5 .001) were independent predictors of depression. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that measures of perceived control, financial stability, and emotional support are as- sociated with anxiety and depression in HF patients. Because patient perceptions of control and financial and emotional support are related to dysphorias known to influ- ence morbidity and mortality, regular assessment of patient concerns and providing access to appropriate services and treatment should be considered.

Editor's Note

Blood Ties: Writing across Chinese Borders is the latest volume in the Mānoa series of contemporary writing from Asia, the Pacific, and the Americas. For this volume, we have gathered a range of works that are, by one defi-nition or another, Chinese. At the same time, however, each of the works—and the collection as a whole—will cause readers to ponder how useful or accurate a designation such as "Chinese" can be in the modern world. Writing about the novelist Ha Jin in the New York Review of Books, Ian Buruma recently noted the misleading nature of overly broad categories when applied to individuals and their writing. Buruma observed: Chineseness is almost as complex and elusive an identity as, say, Jewishness. What, for example, does a peasant in Shandong have in common with a dentist in San Francisco, whose Canontese ancestors came to the U.S. via Hong Kong a hundred years ago? Certainly not a common language, or even really a common culture. They eat different kinds of food, and follow different faiths and customs….They live under utterly different political systems, and do not share a nationality. Even to claim a common ethnicity would be a stretch; southern and northern Chinese are not physically alike. Yet both would still consider themselves to be "Chinese." As in other countries, identity in the PRC can be complex. Over ninety percent of the population is ethnically Han, while the remaining ten percent are highly diverse. Over four hundred ethnic groups registered as minorities after the civil war ended in 1949. Officially, however, the Communist Party recognizes only fifty-six ethnic groups, including the Han. Some members of these minorities consider themselves not in the least Chinese, but rather ethnically and culturally distinct peoples whose homelands are, for now, controlled by the Han government. Outside of the PRC and Taiwan (which may or may not be China, and which has its own ethnic minorities), there are more than thirty-five million people of Chinese ancestry. They reside on all continents and in over a hundred countries. Many have lived in their adopted homes for centuries. [End Page vii] [Begin Page ix] The largest populations in order of size are in Southeast Asia, the Americas, Europe, Oceania, and Africa. And within each group, social circumstance, economic status, degree of assimilation, and ethnic identification may vary radically. Some may choose—and others may be compelled to identify with—a Chinese ethnicity. Some may embrace a "situational ethnicity" that shifts according to circumstances, and still others may be indifferent to ethnicity as an aspect of their selfhood. Blood Ties takes its title from a story that is written by the Tibetan author Alai and that is published in English for the first time here. Magical and cunningly allegorical, the story describes the effects of political and ethnic transformation on three generations of a family in a Tibetan village. The ancestral home is in Sichuan Province, formerly part of Tibet but now subsumed by the PRC. Depending upon the perspective of the characters, the family is either Han Chinese tainted by Tibetan blood, or Tibetan tainted by Chinese blood. One of the characters is a Chinese man who married into the family decades before and who has lived in the village so long that he speaks and looks like an old Tibetan. Shortly after Mao's victory in the civil war, a young Han woman comes to the village in order to open a Chinese school. Startled by the sudden presence of someone of his own ethnicity, and with the hope that his grandson can now be educated as a Chinese and not as a Tibetan, the old man tries to reclaim his identity. "Comrade Teacher, I'm not a fellow villager. I'm Chinese!" the old man exclaims. Because the man is, by all appearances, Tibetan and not Chinese, the teacher thinks he is simply trying to deny his ethnic inferiority. "Fellow villager," she replies, "don't worry. Party policy doesn't discriminate against minorities." Exasperated, the old man shouts, "I'm not...

Preteen children and illegal drugs

In this paper we report the results of research on the nature and extent of legal and illegal drug use among preteens and those factors associated with illegal drug use at this young age. The paper is based upon a survey of 2318 ten to twelve year olds in Glasgow and Newcastle. Overall around 30% of children reported having been exposed to illegal drugs and 3.9% had started to use illegal drugs. There was a significant difference in the level of illegal drug use between our two cities. In most cases the illegal drug use identified on the part of preteens related to cannabis although in a small number of instances children were using heroin, cocaine and LSD. On the basis of this research we estimate that around 60 children in the ten to twelve age range will have used heroin in Glasgow and around 34 pupils will have used the drug in Newcastle. Preteen drug use was significantly associated with frequent smoking and alcohol consumption, with preteens’ involvement in a range of problem behaviours, and with family difficulties including the presence of someone else within the family using illegal drugs. The paper concludes by noting some of the challenges that are likely to be faced by services seeking to support children who are using illegal drugs by their preteens.

Approche organisationnelle et économique en France du traitement ambulatoire des neutropénies fébriles

A NEW OBJECTIVE: Keeping neutropenic patients with fever in their homes helps to preserve their quality of life and reduces the costs. However, it is important to specify the conditions and the means necessary for the organisation so that home treatment can be applied safely because of the high risk of morbidity due to infection. THE FUNDAMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR ITS MANAGEMENT: The patients who could potentially benefit from an outpatient treatment strategy when presenting with neutropenia and fever must not have a tumour progressing and must not exhibit signs of co-morbidity and be affected by neutropenia and fever at home. Moreover, full information and the patient's and relatives' consent, a hospital nearby, the permanent presence of someone with the patient, the possibility of a telephone contact, the patient's full compliance, prior consent and excellent communication and excellent patient-physician relationship are all essential conditions. THE PARTICIPANTS AT HOME: The patient is essentially followed-up by the treating physician. Private nurses can intervene at the patient's home. Hospitalisation at home is presently the only alternative medical structure to classical hospitalisation. The development of nursing networks ensure the continuity between the hospital and the town and the good coordination of the health workers caring for the patient. The steps to be taken during an episode of fever are debated: complete discharge from hospital for some, initial outpatient controls in the hospital for several hours for others and the initial hospitalisation for 24 to 72 hours for some others. Whatever the case, haemocultures must be performed before the initiation of any antibiotherapy. The optimal clinical surveillance is ensured daily by a private nurse and the treating physician. An assessment every 2 to 3 days in a hospital unit is recommended. CARE NETWORKS: Their development should increase and hence create the continuity between the hospital and the town. The outpatient management of neutropenia with fever is a major source of economy; it allows the patients to be kept at home whilst ensuring the quality and security of their treatment.

Rilke's "Archaic Torso of Apollo"

AbstractWhat happens when in the midst of the routines of our workaday world we suddenly find ourselves in the presence of someone who regards us with intensity and demands our response? Rilke's poem explores that precise and pregnant moment when an object of scientific investigation, aesthetic contemplation or historical analysis suddenly breaks free from the constraints imposed upon it by a workaday perspective and transforms itself into a subject who beckons us to enter another world. Rilke's "Archaic Torso of Apollo" leads us beyond our mundane and naturalistic concerns, beyond a thinking and doing that seeks to appropriate and masters a natural world.To faithfully follow its meandering thought means to be led to the very source from which springs narration and metaphor. It is from this same source that springs a human world.