Presence Of Sm3 Research Articles

Effects of Samarium Doping on the Dielectric Properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 Aurivillius Ceramics.

This study investigates the influence of samarium (Sm3+) doping on the structural, microstructural, mechanical, and dielectric properties of BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) ceramics. Using the solid-state reaction method, samples of BaBi2-xSmxNb2O9 with varying concentrations of Sm (x = 0.01; 0.02; 0.04; 0.06; 0.08; 0.1) were prepared. Thermal analysis, microstructure characterization via SEM and EDS, X-ray diffraction, mechanical testing, and dielectric measurements were conducted. The results revealed that increasing Sm3+ concentration led to the formation of single-phase materials with a tetragonal structure at room temperature. Mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and stiffness, improved with Sm doping, indicating stronger atomic bonding. Dielectric properties showed that low concentrations of Sm3+ slightly increased electrical permittivity, while higher concentrations reduced it. The presence of Sm3⁺ also affected the relaxor properties, evidenced by changes in the freezing temperature and activation energy. Overall, the study concludes that samarium doping enhances the structural and functional properties of BBN ceramics, making them promising candidates for high-temperature piezoelectric and dielectric applications. The findings provide valuable insights into tailoring ceramic materials for advanced technological applications.

Structure, Electronic, Optical, Magnetic and Magnetocaloric Properties of Sm2CuMnO6 Double Perovskite Nanomaterial

This study explores the structural, microstructural, optical, and magnetic characteristics of double perovskite oxide Sm2CuMnO6. The sample is prepared in the monoclinic phase with space group P21/n using the auto-combustion method. The crystal structure exhibits distortion and tilting. First-principles calculations are conducted using the density-functional theory framework, focusing on electronic structures and density of states. The average crystallite size, particle size and grain size of the sintered sample are 34.42 nm, 36.15 nm and 475 nm respectively. The sample exhibits a direct band gap energy of 1.96 eV. Analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectra indicates the presence of Sm3+, Cu2+, and Mn3+/Mn4+ ions in the sample. The DC magnetization study reveals a Curie temperature (Tc) of 50 K for the sample. A non-metallic state resembling a spin glass is detected below 15 K, arising from the competition between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interactions. The maximum value of isothermal magnetic entropy, the relative cooling power and heat capacity are 1.4 J.kg–1.K–1, 100.2 J.kg–1, and 1.35 J.kg–1.K–1 at a field change of 70 kOe respectively. The value of Temperature Averaged Entropy Change is 1.36 J.kg−1.K−1 and 1.29 J.kg−1.K−1 for a temperature span of 10 K and 40 K at a field change of 70 kOe.

Luminescence and photocatalytic degradation of indigo carmine in the presence of Sm3+doped ZnS nanoparticles

Industrial wastewater discharge is well acknowledged to constitute a significant environmental and public health risk. In addition, synthetic dyes used in the textile sector are major culprits in water pollution. The amount of water polluted by these dyes is simply staggering. We urgently address this issue to protect our planet and health. The degradation of indigo carmine dye in the presence of Sm3+-doped ZnS nanoparticles is reported in this study and characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDX, TEM, BET, PL, UV, etc. The particle size calculated from the Scherrer equation was 3–12 nm. When excited at 395 nm, Sm3+ undergoes f–f transitions, which are visible as prominent peaks in the photoluminescence spectrum at 559, 595, and 642 nm wavelengths. The catalyst showed vigorous catalytic activity for dye degradation, with a 93% degradation rate when used at 15 mg/L catalyst within 210 min. The reaction was found to have pseudo-first-order kinetics. After applying the Freundlich and Langmuir data, the Langmuir isotherm offered the best fit. The findings indicate that the Sm3+-doped ZnS catalyst might be successfully used in the degradation of dyes present in the environment. Doping with Sm3+ ions can significantly change the photocatalytic breakdown of indigo carmine and the luminescence characteristics of ZnS.

Cyclohexane based Bis‐imine and Salicylic Acid Derived Tripodal Amide for Optical Recognition and Enrichment of Sm3+ and Dy3+

AbstractSingle crystal X‐ray structurally characterized bis‐imine derivative (P1) selectively recognizes Sm3+ in DMSO‐water (1 : 6, v/v) media. On the other hand, salicylic acid derived tripodal amide (P2) efficiently detects Sm3+ and Dy3+ in DMSO‐water (1 : 5, v/ v) media. In both cases, Sm3+ emits intense pink light while Dy3+ emits yellow light. The P1 experiences 42‐fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of Sm3+. The P2 experiences 36‐fold and 23‐fold fluorescence enhancement in presence of Sm3+ and Dy3+ respectively. The limit of detections (LODs) for Sm3+ are 9.2×10−8 M (by P1) and 1.04×10−7 M (by P2) while it is 9.67×10−7 M for Dy3+ (by P2). The P1 assisted enrichment of Sm3+ is encouraging.

Warm-white, reddish-orange and orange light generation from lithium-aluminum-zinc phosphate glass tri-doped with Sm3+, Tb3+and Eu3+

Spectroscopic evaluation of Sm3+/Tb3+/Eu3+ doped lithium-aluminum-zinc phosphate glass (LAZSTE), based on photoluminescence spectra and emission decay profiles, is particularly focused on W-LED technology. Tauc's method is employed to find direct and indirect allowed band gap and Urbach energy values. The Judd-Ofelt parameters were evaluated from measured oscillator strengths and subsequently used to estimate various radiative properties for the prominent fluorescent transitions (4G5/2 → 6H5/2, 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 and 4G5/2 → 6H9/2) of Sm3+ ions. The LAZSTE glass excited at 346, 377 and 408 nm, displays warm-white light emission of 2497 K, orange light emission of 1949 K and reddish-orange light emission of 1667 K respectively, according to (0.4753, 0.4121), (0.5306, 0.4130) and (0.6077, 0.3767) CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates, respectively. The Tb3+ and Sm3+ emission decay shortening in presence of Sm3+ and Eu3+, and Eu3+, respectively, suggests that non-radiative energy transfer processes could take place from Tb3+ to Sm3+ and/or Eu3+, and from Sm3+ to Eu3+. The analysis of the Sm3+ and Tb3+ emission decays, performed with the Inokuti-Hirayama model, suggests that all these energy transfer processes are predominantly mediated through an electric dipole-dipole interaction, inside Sm3+-Tb3+-Eu3+ clusters.

Efficient and selective sorption of uranyl by hydrated Ti3C2TX-Li agglomerates

There is a demand to develop highly efficient and selective materials for removal of uranyl species from aqueous solutions. Herein, titanium carbide (Ti3C2TX-Li) agglomerates composed of plate fragments were synthesized by etching MAX (Ti3AlC2) powders in HF/LiCl solution. Compared to reference samples, hydrated Ti3C2TX-Li showed the best affinity for U(VI) (qm = 1.12 mmol/g) and a sorption capacity>90% (0.04–0.2 mM initial U(VI)). The efficient sorption capacity of hydrated Ti3C2TX-Li was attributed to larger interlayer spacing and smaller lateral dimensions of the plate fragments (0.1–3 μm), which facilitated the U(VI) species to reach deeper sorption sites in the interlayer compared with the accordion-like Ti3C2TX. Uranium(VI) exhibited excellent selective sorption to hydrated Ti3C2TX-Li in the presence of Sm3+, Nd3+, Co2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+ (nitrates), due to the surface-mediated reduction of U(VI) to U(IV) and the oxidation of the Ti component of MXene.

Bacterial Swarmers Enriched During Intestinal Stress Ameliorate Damage

Bacterial swarming, a collective movement on a surface, has rarely been associated with human pathophysiology. This study aims to define a role for bacterial swarmers in amelioration of intestinal stress. We developed a polymicrobial plate agar assay to detect swarming and screened mice and humans with intestinal stress and inflammation. From chemically induced colitis in mice, as well as humans with inflammatory bowel disease, we developed techniques to isolate the dominant swarmers. We developed swarm-deficient but growth and swim-competent mutant bacteria as isogenic controls. We performed bacterial reinoculation studies in mice with colitis, fecal 16S, and meta-transcriptomic analyses, as well as invitro microbial interaction studies. We show that bacterial swarmers are highly predictive of intestinal stress in mice and humans. We isolated a novel Enterobacter swarming strain, SM3, from mouse feces. SM3 and other known commensal swarmers, in contrast to their mutant strains, abrogated intestinal inflammation in mice. Treatment of colitic mice with SM3, but not its mutants, enriched beneficial fecal anaerobes belonging to the family of Bacteroidales S24-7. We observed SM3 swarming associated pathways in the invivo fecal meta-transcriptomes. Invitro growth of S24-7 was enriched in presence of SM3 or its mutants; however, because SM3, but not mutants, induced S24-7 invivo, we concluded that swarming plays an essential role in disseminating SM3 invivo. Overall, our work identified a new but counterintuitive paradigm in which intestinal stress allows for the emergence of swarming bacteria; however, these bacteria act to heal intestinal inflammation.

Lithium-aluminum-zinc phosphate glasses activated with Sm3+, Sm3+/Eu3+ and Sm3+/Tb3+ for reddish-orange and white light generation

Spectroscopic evaluation of Sm3+, Sm3+/Eu3+ and Sm3+/Tb3+ doped lithium-aluminum-zinc phosphate glasses, based on excitation and emission spectra, and emission decay time measurements, were particularly focused on reddish-orange and white light emitting diode applications. The Sm3+ doped glass exhibits a reddish-orange emission tonality of 1676 K and a high color purity (CP) of 97.6% upon 408 nm excitation. The Sm3+/Eu3+ co-doped glass displays reddish-orange emission tonality of 1621 K (CP = 98.0%) and 2012 K (CP = 98.7%), upon 346 and 392 nm excitations, respectively. The Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doped glass emits neutral white light of 4946 and 4301 K upon 337 and 377 nm excitations, respectively, as well warm white light of 3504 K and reddish-orange light of 1758 K (CP = 91.5%) upon 370 and 396 nm excitations, respectively. The Sm3+/Tb3+ co-doped glass, excited at 337 and 396 nm, shows the highest values of luminous efficiency of radiation (LER = 444 lm/W) and color rendering index (CRI = 97), respectively. The Tb3+ and Sm3+ emission decay shortening in presence of Sm3+ and Eu3+, respectively, points out to Tb3+→Sm3+ and Sm3+→Eu3+ non-radiative energy transfers, with efficiencies of 8% and 21%, respectively. The Inokuti-Hirayama model suggests that such energy transfer processes might be dominated by an electric dipole-dipole interaction inside Tb3+-Sm3+ and Sm3+-Eu3+ clusters.

Tunable white light emission in zinc phosphate glasses activated with [formula omitted] clusters and Sm3+

Zinc phosphate glasses, activated with Agmn+ clusters and Sm3+, were prepared by the conventional melt-quenching method. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed that the samples remain amorphous for Ag and Sm3+ contents up to 3.0 and 1.0 mol%, respectively. The Raman and FTIR spectra showed that the main vibrational modes are associated with P–O bonds. The absorption coefficient spectrum of the Ag singly doped glass sample displayed a broad band centered at 318 nm, related to Agmn+ clusters, whereas those co-doped with Sm3+ showed, in addition to the Agmn+ cluster absorption, the well-known Sm3+ absorptions at 343, 360, 374, 401, 415, 438, 465 and 477 nm. The photoluminescence excitation spectrum of the Ag singly doped glass sample exhibited a broadband from 3 to 6 eV (207–413 nm), assigned to superposition of the Ag+: 4 d10 → 4d95s and Agmn+ cluster: S0 → S1 transitions, being the excitation into the Agmn+ clusters attractive for W-LEDs applications. The photoluminescence emission spectra of the Ag singly doped glass sample, upon Agmn+ cluster excitations at 340, 350 and 360 nm, displayed cold white light tonality, with (0.279, 0.300) CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates of 9453 K and bluish-white light tonality with (0.264, 0.276) and (0.259, 0.270) CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature values of 12901 and 14201 K, respectively. The global emission of the Ag and Sm3+ co-doped glass samples was, upon 340, 350 and 360 nm excitations, gradually tuned from the bluish and cold white region to the warm white one, as the Sm3+ content was increased, with correlated color temperatures in the 14201-2691 K range. The Sm.3+ emission bands, under excitations at 340 and 350 nm, were attained at expense of radiative and non-radiative energy transfer from the Agmn+ clusters, as revealed respectively by the sinks mounted on the Agmn+ cluster emission bands and the emission decay profile shortening in presence of Sm3+. Analysis of the Agmn+ cluster emission intensity and decay profiles, with the Dexter and Burstein models, showed that Agmn+ cluster cross-relaxation and/or non-radiative energy transfer to Sm3+ might be dominated by an electric quadrupole-quadrupole interaction.

Solvothermal synthesis dependent structural, morphological and electrochemical behaviour of mesoporous nanorods of Sm2NiMnO6

Polycrystalline nanorods of Sm2NiMnO6 with monoclinic P21/n symmetry have successfully been synthesized via solvothermal process. The mesoporous nature of nanorods as confirmed by average pore diameter of 10 nm was clearly visible in transmission electron micrographs. These nanorods exhibited high specific surface area of ~48 m2/g with presence of Sm3+, Ni2+, Mn4+ ions on the surface of Sm2NiMnO6 crystallites. Further, the electrode of mesoporous Sm2NiMnO6 nanorods exhibited specific capacitance of 825.6 F/g at scan rate of 2 mV/s and ~86% retention of specific capacitance for ~1500 cycles at constant current density of 4 A/g.

Effect of gamma irradiation on some spectroscopic properties of phosphate glass containing samarium ions

Changes of FTIR, UV–Visible spectra, photoluminescence with varying Sm content in phosphate glass containing sodium, lead and aluminum were studied. Refractive index values have been measured and their values were listed to be between ~ 1.5–1.7. Furthermore the effect of subjecting this glass to gamma rays was also investigated. The results showed that glass containing 1%Sm had the highest NBOs according to FTIR, UV-Visble results. The optical energy band gap and Urbach values supported this assumption. The presence of Sm3+ which can be reduced to Sm2+ in addition to the NBOs produced due to the addition of Sm ions in the glass matrix, causing a reduction of gamma rays effect. This may give a clue to the ability of using this glass as an immobilizer or shielded for gamma rays or as a burial for high energy radioactive materials.

Tunable greenish-to-reddish light generation via energy transfer in Tb3+/Sm3+-codoped PbGeO3:PbF2:CdF2 glass under UV excitation

Generation of tunable greenish–yellowish–reddish luminescence mediated by energy transfer in Tb3 + / Sm3 + -codoped fluorogermanate glass under UV light excitation is reported. Fluorescence emissions around 487, 542, 561, 582, 600, 620, 645, 650, and 706 nm were obtained in double-doped samples under 355- and 375-nm excitation wavelengths. The relative intensity of the Sm3 + and Tb3 + ions’ individual distinctive emissions depends upon the excitation wavelength, relative ions concentration, and the energy transfer of Tb3 + to Sm3 + mechanism, which lead to the tonality tunable overall luminescent color. The CIE-1931 chromaticity coordinates of the overall luminescence resided in the range (0.31; 0.59) to (0.62; 0.37). Time decay measurements indicated efficient Tb3 + to Sm3 + energy-transfer process with a substantial decrease (1.65 to 0.85 ms) of Tb3 + emitting levels due to the presence of Sm3 + ions in the host matrix.

Blue, white, and red tunable light emission from (Y2O3:Sm3+)-benzoate hybrid nanophosphors

The synthesis and characterization of yttria-based organic–inorganic hybrid nanophosphors (HNP) are reported. These materials were synthesized by microwave-assisted solvothermal method in a short time of around 2 h and 30 min without any further thermal annealing. According to x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements, HNP have a lamellar structure formed by interleaved layers of organic species and inorganic yttria species. The luminescent properties of HNP are generated by the presence of Sm3 + ions, which produced light emission at 570, 610, 650, and 716 nm due to the G5 / 24 to H5 / 26, H7 / 26, H9 / 26, and H11 / 26 transitions, respectively; and a wide broadband centered at 446 nm as a result of the presence of organic species, particularly benzene rings. Hybrid phosphors have tunable luminescent properties as a function of the used excitation wavelength producing blue, white, and red light emission. Those properties are due to the hybrid’s absorption properties and the subsequent simultaneous organic and inorganic light emissions.

Photoluminescence and photodegradation properties of SiO2@TiO2:Sm3+ with different coating effects

Bright orange-red emitting Sm3+ doped SiO2@TiO2 hybrid materials have been synthesized through solvothermal coating method. The effect of the ethanol/H2O solvent ratios on the morphology and microstructure has been investigated. And a systematic study of photo-degradation and photoluminescence performance of SiO2@TiO2:Sm3+ with different coating effect is performed. The luminescence intensity increased with the decrease in the amount of H2O due to the uniform dispersion of TiO2:Sm3+ on the SiO2 surface. However, the increase in the amount of H2O is beneficial to the improvement of the photo-degradation efficiency of methyl orange, the best efficiency reaches to 90.3% under 30 min simulated solar light irradiation. Moreover, the effect of Sm3+ doping concentration on particle size, emission intensity and photocatalysis has been discussed. The results manifested that the presence of Sm3+ ions not only endows the composite materials with luminescence properties but also enhances its photocatalytic activity, however, appropriate doping concentration is necessary.

Zinc phosphate glasses activated with Dy3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ and Tb3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ for reddish-orange and yellowish white phosphor applications

Spectroscopic evaluations of Dy3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ and Tb3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ doped zinc phosphate glasses, based on excitation and emission spectra, and emission decay measurements, are particularly focused on potential white light-emitting diodes applications. All the excitation wavelengths located in the 337–382 nm range, match with the emissions of AlGaN, GaN and InGaN LEDs. The Dy3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ doped zinc phosphate glass excited at 347 nm displays yellowish white tonality according with the x = 0.396 and y = 0.408 CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates and correlated color temperature (CCT) value of 3837 K, whereas under 362, 374 and 382 nm excitations, it displays reddish-orange tonality with CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates (and CCT values): x = 0.503 and y = 0.398 (2075 K), x = 0.570 and y = 0.388 (1640 K), and x = 0.527 and y = 0.386 (1804 K), respectively, with color purities higher than 72%. The Dy3+ and Sm3+ emission decay analysis suggests that non-radiative energy transfer processes from Dy3+ to Eu3+ and/or Sm3+ and Sm3+ to Eu3+ take place with efficiencies of 0.09 ± 0.04 and 0.15 ± 0.04, respectively. The Dy3+ and Sm3+ emission decay fitting by the Inokuti-Hirayama model, indicates that electric dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions might respectively mediate the energy transfer processes inside the Dy3+-Sm3+-Eu3+ clusters. The Tb3+/Eu3+/Sm3+ doped zinc phosphate glasses only exhibits reddish-orange emission tonality with CIE1931 chromaticity coordinates and (CCT values): x = 0.510 and y = 0.425 (2210 K), x = 0.549 and y = 0.399 (1754 K), x = 0.510 and y = 0.411 (2108 K), and x = 0.544 and y = 0.385 (1710 K), under 337, 361, 374 and 380 nm excitations, respectively, with color purities higher than 79% in all cases. The Tb3+ and Sm3+ emission decay shortening in presence of Sm3+ and Eu3+, and Tb3+ and Eu3+, respectively, points out Tb3+→ Eu3+ and/or Sm3+ and Sm3+ → Eu3+ non-radiative energy transfers, with efficiencies of 0.08 ± 0.04 and 0.04 ± 0.05, respectively. The Inokuti-Hirayama model suggests that the Tb3+→ Eu3+ and/or Sm3+ and Sm3+ → Eu3+ energy transfer processes might be, respectively, dominated by electric dipole-quadrupole and quadrupole-quadrupole interactions inside Tb3+-Sm3+-Eu3+ clusters.

Low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopic studies on Sm3+ doped Zn-Mn ferrites

For the first time, we report on the low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopic study of Zn2+0.5Mn2+0.5Sm3+xFe3+2−xO4 (where x=0.01–0.05) prepared by the modified solution combustion method using a mixture of urea and glucose as a fuel. The Mössbauer spectroscopy at room and low temperatures was applied to understand the magnetic properties of the samples. The room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy results suggest that the occupation of the octahedral sites by Sm3+ ions leads to the distortion enhancement of 57Fe nuclei environments, which leads to an increase in quadrupole splitting Δ values of D2 and D3 doublets. The low temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy results indicate that the presence of Sm3+ ions in the octahedron sites causes the decrease in the number of Fe–O–Fe chains. The transformation of Mössbauer spectra doublets into Zeeman sextets is accompanied by a significant decrease in the magnitude IM of Mössbauer spectra intensity within the 0–1.2mm/s velocity range normalized to its value at 300K. This drop in the temperature dependence of IM allows one to obtain the magnetic phase transition temperature TM from the Mössbauer experiment.

Structure peculiarities and point defects in new sillenite-type (Bi,Sm)24V2O40 crystals

Single-crystal (Bi,Sm)24V2O40 solid solutions with sillenite structure, grown by the hydrothermal method for the first time, have been studied using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, synchrotron radiation, and infrared spectroscopy. The real composition has been refined. The presence of Sm3+ and Bi3+ ions in one crystallographic site was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and confirmed by the analysis of infrared spectra and calculation of the degree of distortion of the real [BiO5] polyhedron.

Direct Sunlight Active Sm<sup>3+</sup> Doped TiO<sub>2</sub> Photocatalyst

TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 nanocrystalline has been successfully synthesized by a modified sol-gel method. As synthesized samples of TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 were calcined at 300, 500, 700 and 800OC and characterized by various techniques such as XRD, UV/Vis Reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM-EDS and TEM. The crystallite size of Sm3+ doped TiO2 at all calcination temperature is lower than that of TiO2 due the doping Sm3+ ion and thereby induced more nanobehavior. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti bond in TiO2, in Sm3+ doped TiO2 along with Ti-O and Ti-O-Ti, the presence Sm-O and Ti-O-Sm bonds are confirmed. Diffuse reflectance spectra showed that the Sm3+ doped TiO2 have a significant shift to longer wavelengths and an extension of the absorption in the visible region compared to the TiO2. SEM images confirmed that the particles are agglomerated and the particle size was decreased in the Sm3+ doped TiO2 in comparison with the TiO2. EDS analysis showed the presence of Sm3+ ion present in the lattice of TiO2 in doped sample. Finally the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 and Sm3+ doped TiO2 at various calcinations temperatures was investigated by the degradation of methylene blue solution under UV light and visible light. Doping with the samarium ions significantly enhanced the overall photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under both UV and visible light irradiation. The results showed that the Sm3+ doped TiO2 sample calcined at 700 OC shows the highest photocatalytic activity under UV light and visible light irradiation.

Effect of Sm3+ substitution on structural, optical and dielectric properties of hydroxypropyl cellulose films

Complexes films composed of mixture of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and different concentrations of SmCl3 were prepared by solvent casting technique. Different techniques were used to study the structural changes. The amorphousity of HPC increased with increasing Sm3+ concentration as indicated by XRD and FT-IR results. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectral analysis confirmed the presence of Sm3+ ions. Fluorescence spectra showed that the reddish-orange emission transition 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 is more prominent. The nonlinear variation of the optical parameters with respect to Sm3+ content has been explained. The dielectric properties and ac-conductivity of these films were studied in the frequency range of 20 Hz–3 MHz at room temperature. The decrease in the dielectric constant e′ was observed with the increase in frequency is due to dielectric dispersion. Both e′ and dielectric loss e″ are observed increases as Sm3+ ions concentration increased. The frequency and concentration dependence conductivity were also studied. The results showed that the conductivity increase with increasing both frequency and Sm3+ content. Real part electric modulus M′ was lower at lower frequency but increases as frequency increased. Enhancement of both optical and electrical properties is observed which candidates the prepared films for many applications.

Structural and optical properties of Eu3+, Sm3+ co-doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline red emitting phosphor

We report Eu3+, Sm3+ co-doped La(OH)3 nano-crystalline red emitting phosphor prepared following combustion synthesis protocol. The structural and morphological information about the synthesized samples have been explored using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) techniques. The optical properties of the samples have been investigated under 355nm laser excitations. The sample emits intense red emissions at 625 and 707nm due to 5D0 → 7F2 and 5D0→7F4 transitions in Eu3+ ion, respectively. The concentrations of both, Eu3+ and Sm3+ in the samples were optimized at 1mol% to get maximum fluorescence. The presence of Sm3+ in the Eu3+ doped sample enhances the emission intensity up to two times. The samples annealed at higher temperature show significant enhancement in the emission intensity. The life time studies show an efficient energy transfer from Sm3+ to Eu3+ ions and have been discussed with the help of schematic energy level diagram. This enhancement in the emission intensity is discussed in terms of the rare earth ion concentration, annealing temperature and energy transfer.