Presence Of Role Models Research Articles

On the circular entrepreneurship across continents: An analysis of terms of business descriptors

AbstractThis study analyzes circular entrepreneurship trends across global regions using the 2014–2018 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor dataset. Content analysis of business descriptors from 79,663 unique entrepreneurs was used to position each startup within the 9R's framework. The results show that startups are mainly associated with “repurpose” and “recover”, which are less desirable for circularity. We further define circular entrepreneurs as those with the top 10% highest weighted score in circular strategies according to the type of business they run. The BERTopic approach is applied to identify specific business topics for these entrepreneurs. Similarities (North America and Latin America & the Caribbean) and differences (Europe) in popular topics are found across regions. Lastly, regression analysis reveals that entrepreneurial perception and the presence of role models are key factors driving circular entrepreneurship.

Identifying factors influencing program selection in health sciences by underrepresented minority students—a scoping review

There is a critical need to diversify health professionals to better serve the growing minority population in North America. Unfortunately, minority groups remain underrepresented in health professions. Despite recruitment efforts by government and academic institutions, fewer underrepresented minority (URM) students choose careers in healthcare. Identifying the key factors influencing URM students’ decisions to pursue health sciences programs could enhance diversity in these programs through targeted admissions strategies, ultimately leading to a more diverse future healthcare workforce. This scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. Five electronic databases and gray literature were searched to identify North American papers published between 1942 and 2022. Identified studies focused on URM students’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers to matriculate into a health science degree. Twenty-one articles were analyzed. Following content analysis, the facilitators and barriers identified comprised personal, socio-cultural, institutional, and financial. The most frequent facilitators reported were scholarships, family support, and the presence of role models. Common barriers included high tuition fees, pre-admission criteria, lack of awareness about the health profession, availability of financial aid, and the admission process. The findings of this review will facilitate the development and implementation of customized, comprehensive strategies to recruit more URM students to health science programs in the future, thereby improving efforts toward creating a diverse healthcare workforce.

Experiences of living with overweight/obesity and early type 2 diabetes in Singapore—a qualitative interview study

ObjectivesTo understand the lived experience of adults with overweight/obesity and early type 2 diabetes in a modern urban environment, and the interrelations among the various aspects of these experiences and...

The perceived role fit of women and men academics: evidence from the social sports sciences.

The underrepresentation of women in academia is often explained by the presence of gender stereotypes and the perception that women fit the role of an academic to a lesser extent. Based on social role theory and role congruity theory, this study investigates and estimates the perceived role fit of women and men academics in the social sports sciences. Data were collected with a quantitative online survey. The sample (n = 792) includes individuals who study or work in sports economics, sport management, or sport sociology (referred to as social sports sciences). The questionnaire included items that reflect attributes of an ideal-typical academic as well as women and men academics in four dimensions, i.e., leadership, research methods, media visibility, and research topics. In the first step, these items were used to estimate a total role fit index for both women and men academics, as well as indices for all dimensions. In a second step, regression analyses were used to examine how respondents' individual characteristics (e.g., discipline, career stage, gender, presence of role models) are related to their perceived role fit indices and the differences in the perceived role fit. The role fit index ranges from 0 to 1, and women have a higher total role fit than men (0.77 vs. 0.75). The results suggest that women in the social sports sciences are perceived as a better fit for the role of an academic. In contrast to role congruity theory, women's leadership fit is higher than men's fit in this dimension (0.79 vs. 0.72). Regarding the associations of individual characteristics, professors seem to perceive a lower role fit for both genders than students. Furthermore, the difference between the perceived role fit of men and women is smaller for women respondents. Having a woman role model leads to a higher fit of women academics in the leadership dimension.

Exploring the Barriers and Coping Strategies Faced by Male Nursing Students in Japanese Nursing Education

Nursing is traditionally considered a female profession, and male nursing students face gender stereotype barriers. Most studies of male nursing students in Japan focus on their learning experiences in maternal nursing, and little is known about the experiences of male nursing students in their usual learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the barriers and coping strategies of Japanese male nursing students in nursing education, including classroom and practical training. A qualitative descriptive design was used to study 20 male nursing students from eight Japanese universities. Purposive sampling using the snowball method was used to recruit participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data about the participants' thoughts and experiences in nursing education. All interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Nursing choices of own volition, (2) Loneliness due to the female-dominated environment and marginalization, (3) Dealing with barriers and seeking support, and (4) Positive experiences in nursing education. Male nursing students face barriers such as loneliness and feelings of alienation. Family support, mutual support among male nursing students, and the presence of role models were factors that addressed these barriers and positively influenced career choice. This research suggests that nursing educators need to understand the barriers faced by male nursing students and provide a gender-neutral learning environment for all students.

Learning collaboration at the primary-secondary care interface: a dual-method study to define design principles for interventions in postgraduate training programmes

BackgroundCollaboration between primary and secondary care (PSCC) is important to provide patient-centered care. Postgraduate training programmes should provide training to learn PSCC. With a design based research (DBR) approach design principles can be formulated for designing effective interventions in specific contexts. The aim of this study is to determine design principles for interventions aimed to learn PSCC in postgraduate training programmes.MethodsDBR is characterised by multi-method studies. We started with a literature review on learning collaboration between healthcare professionals from different disciplines within the same profession (intraprofessional) to extract preliminary design principles. These were used to inform and feed group discussions among stakeholders: trainees, supervisors and educationalists in primary and secondary care. Discussions were audiotaped, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis to formulate design principles.ResultsEight articles were included in the review. We identified four preliminary principles to consider in the design of interventions: participatory design, work process involvement, personalised education and role models. We conducted three group discussions with in total eighteen participants. We formulated three design principles specific for learning PSCC in postgraduate training programmes: (1) The importance of interaction, being able to engage in a learning dialogue. (2) Facilitate that the learning dialogue concerns collaboration. (3) Create a workplace that facilitates engagement in a learning dialogue. In the last design principle we distinguished five subcategories: intervention emphasises the urge for PSCC and is based on daily practice, the presence of role models, the work context creates time for learning PSCC, learning PSCC is formalised in curricula and the presence of a safe learning environment.ConclusionThis article describes design principles for interventions in postgraduate training programmes with the aim to learn PSCC. Interaction is key in learning PSCC. This interaction should concern collaborative issues. Furthermore, it is essential to include the workplace in the intervention and make adjacent changes in the workplace when implementing interventions. The knowledge gathered in this study can be used to design interventions for learning PSCC. Evaluation of these interventions is needed to acquire more knowledge and adjust design principles when necessary.

Predicting intention of intimate partner violence screening among Thai nursing students: A cross-sectional study.

Using the theory of planned behaviour, the aim of this study was to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence among Thai nursing students. We employed a cross-sectional, anonymous online survey study with convenience sampling of senior nursing students from across Thailand in April 2019. We administered the Intimate Partner Violence Screening Intention, Nursing Students, a 36-item tool, and analysed relationships between students' intentions and attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control towards intimate partner violence screening. PROCESS was used to test mediation analyses. Of N=639 respondents. Most (90%) reported intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Approximately 41% reported having no intimate partner violence training in their nursing school. Results of the multiple logistic analysis showed that attitudes (OR: 8.5; 95% CI 1.2-4.6) and subjective norms (OR: 4.4; 95% CI 1.4-4.6) significantly predicted intention, whereas perceived behavioural control (OR: 1.7; 95% CI 0.5-4.9) did not. Moreover, attitudes and subjective norm significantly mediated the association between providing a screening tool at clinical sites, and intention. Attitudes and subjective norms were significant predictors of intention of intimate partner violence screening. However, participants lacked adequate role models and training. Future research should improve the predictive power of the framework by integrating additional constructs such as the availability of screening tools, the presence of role models, to design and evaluate effective training and support for future nurses to address intimate partner violence in practice. It is time to seriously consider integrating intimate partner violence content and training into the Thai nursing curriculum, and address the policies, guidelines, and practice culture. The study was designed to examine predictors of intention to screen patients for intimate partner violence. Thai senior nursing students were contributed in the design and conduct of the study. However, the study did not include input from the public or the intended participants.

Institutional Conditions and Export-Oriented Entrepreneurial Activity: A Cross-Country Analysis (WITHDRAWN)

This paper investigates how state fragility and trust affect export-oriented entrepreneurial activity. Drawing on the institutional logics perspective, we first argue that a non-favorable home-country institutional configuration in the form of state fragility will negatively influence the internationalization decisions of entrepreneurs. We subsequently suggest that the presence of role models and generalized trust, will positively moderate such negative relationship. We test our hypotheses on a multisource dataset that combines individual- and country-level observations. Our multilevel analysis covers 43 countries for the period 2005-2016. The results support the hypothesized direct and moderating effects. Implications from the findings are discussed.

Strategi Pembentukan Karakter Islami Siswa Sekolah Dasar di Masa Transisi Covid-19 Menuju Aktivitas New Normal

This study aims to determine the strategy of Islamic religious education teachers in shaping the Islamic personality of students in elementary schools. This study used a qualitative descriptive method involving Islamic religious education teachers, head master and representatives of students' parents as research informants. The results showed that the Islamic religious learning strategy oriented to the formation of the Islamic character of students was carried out adaptively in accordance with local government policies related to learning strategies during the pandemic and the need for the presence of role models to shape students' Islamic personalities. Various solutions that can be applied by Islamic religious education teachers in an effort to form students' Islamic character during pandemic are to apply learning activity scheduling strategies, apply student learning discipline strategies and strengthen exemplary and optimize learning assistance from students' parents.

Understanding digital entrepreneurial intentions: A capital theory perspective

PurposeDigital entrepreneurship is a highly topical, sub-specialist and contemporary branch of entrepreneurship which is providing ever-increasing range of platforms for pursuing entrepreneurship-related career options. While the academic discourses in this area are increasingly growing, there is an equal level of scant attention paid to inquire how proclivity toward this career choice is developed and influenced. In the present study, this gap has been addressed by identifying major antecedents of digital entrepreneurship intentions under the aegis of capital theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing the survey data from 287 respondents, structural equation modeling was utilized to explore the association of four antecedents: digital entrepreneurial competence, innovative cognition, social media adroitness and digital entrepreneurship role models on the goal intentions. Subsequently the association between goal intention and implementation intention to start a digital venture was also examined.FindingsThe analysis confirms the significant impact of the identified antecedents on the digital entrepreneurial volition of potential entrepreneurs. Our results demonstrate that innovativeness has the greatest impact on the goal intentions to create new digital ventures followed by the presence of role models. Digital competence is also a significant contributor in enhancing the propensity to start digital ventures while being digitally adroit has the least impact on such inclination. Lastly, our study provides empirical evidence to the linkage between goal and implementation intentions.Originality/valueThis paper informs practice on entrepreneurship education especially the role of skill-based education programs to enhance the information technology–related knowledge of students and incubation support for hands-on-training on the various dimensions of digital ventures. At policy-level institutions providing entrepreneurial education can design special tasks and learning activities that are focused on acquainting students with design thinking perspectives and lean start-up approaches.

Role models and well-being among trans and non-binary youth

Abstract Background It is important for young people to see themselves represented in stories, on television and in different job opportunities, so they can have an awareness of what is possible. While we often hear the words “representation matters,” research on how representation affects health outcomes of trans and non-binary (TNB) youth is lacking. In this presentation, we will use the Social Cognitive Theory to identify how the presence of role models relates to social and health outcomes of TNB youth across Canada. Methods The 2019 online Canadian Trans Youth Health Survey included 1,519 TNB youth ranging from 14-25 years old. Youth identified as 43.7% trans masculine, 12.3% trans feminine, and 44% non-binary. Analyses explore differences in the relationship between the presence of TNB role models and social and health outcomes using crosstabulations and chi square tests, logistic regressions, and ANOVAs, by age and across gender identity groups. Results Youth with role models had a higher odds of participating in school sports [OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.59] and youth who had a role model they want to be like were significantly more likely to report living in their felt gender (p = .036). The relationship between TNB youth's identification of role models and being able to think of something they are good at, living in their felt gender, avoiding public spaces, future school plans, sports involvement, self-rated physical and mental health, emotional wellbeing and general health outcomes across developmental groupings will be discussed. Demographic and contextual factors that moderate the relationship between role models and social/health outcomes will also be presented. Conclusions Youth with role models have better social and emotional well-being. The importance of role models for TNB youth should not be diminished. We will share the implications of our findings for health promotion and public health policy, as well as recommendations for further research.

Does Presence of role Models at Undergraduate Training Level Impact the Choice of Specialization as Maxillofacial Surgery for Young Women Dental Graduates?: Qualitative Study and Review Of Literature.

IntroductionEven though dentistry is becoming a women-dominated profession, this is not translating into the choosing oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialization. Hence, this study was undertaken to analyse factors impacting the choice of specialization and what impact does presence of role models as an intervention have on the attitudes of these young women on their overall career choice decisions.PurposeThis qualitative study was undertaken with the aim of understanding and analyzing the impact of role models on the overall shift in attitude of young women graduate students towards oral and maxillofacial surgery as a specialty.MethodsEleven women maxillofacial faculties from all over the country participated in this study conducted during the 2020 Pandemic. In this study, through the online teaching programme, the influence of women teaching faculties in the form of role models was statistically analysed on 103 attendees out of 140 who answered the survey questionnaire. The sessions were conducted on Zoom platform in the form of lectures of graduate course topics as defined by Dental Council of India. The overall attitudinal shift was then statistically analysed through Chi-square test.ResultOut of 140 students, 103 students responded to the survey questionnaire. Responses of these students were statistically analysed with Chi-square test. The p value <.05 confirmed the hypothesis that presence of role models does have an impact on the choice of specialization.ConclusionThe sample size of this was small and the period of follow-up was short, four months. In order to validate these results, larger cohort and longitudinal studies of long follow-up are needed. In spite of these drawbacks, the results of this study highlight, with the help of the literature, the important role a woman mentor positively plays in career choice and other aspects of women surgeon’s professional life.

IT Career aspirations in Bangladesh: a Trigger for development?

ABSTRACT Saxenian’s concept of ‘brain circulation’ explains how a developing country can benefit when its diaspora community returns home to accelerate economic growth, but it says little about who leaves a country in the first place, and why they leave. We consider this issue in the context of Bangladesh’s IT sector and focus on university students’ aspirations for careers abroad. Based on a survey of 591 undergraduate IT students, we find that students’ aspirations bifurcate into those hoping to work in English-speaking developed countries and those expecting to remain in Bangladesh, and that the difference correlates with parental income, attendance at elite universities, gender, and the presence of role models. We also find that parental income is predictive of what factors students value in a job. Findings are discussed in relation to socio-cognitive career theory, with implications for interventions that could improve IT brain circulation in Bangladesh and beyond.

Why do academic scientists participate in academic entrepreneurship? An empirical investigation of department context and the antecedents of entrepreneurial behavior

ABSTRACT This study aims to bridge the gap in the literature by empirically analyzing how department context influences academic scientists’ intention to engage in knowledge commercialization. Using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as a framework and a survey of 272 scientists from Chinese universities, this study shows that although entrepreneurial intention is positively influenced by the department’s scientific reputation and the presence of role models, no such effect is found for department entrepreneurial support. In the absence of department context, our findings also suggest that scientists’ motivational factors, such as commercialization attitude and perceived behavioral control, still significantly influence their intention to engage in commercialization activities.

Barriers, Role Models, and Diversity – Women in IT

Despite the growing need for IT professionals all around Europe, women are still severely underrepresented in IT-related fields. According to Eurostat, female IT specialists constitute only 16.5% of the workforce in the EU28 countries. Gender imbalance, however, is conspicuous already in higher education: only 23% of students majoring in IT are women. The reasons why girls are reluctant to consider a career in IT are complex. Based on the analysis of recent literature review papers about young women’s barriers, we can differentiate four basic obstacles that keep girls from IT: social, educational, self-efficacy, and labour market factors. In order to overcome these obstacles, the necessary tools are the presence of role models, the promotion of diverse IT paths, and inclusive teaching environments. The present paper aims to introduce a study conducted within the settings of a non-degree, tertiary Computer Science program, with the usual scarcity of female students and a high dropout rate. As part of their program, students also need to attend an interdisciplinary course, in which they are exposed to an inclusive teaching environment, the presentations of role models, and diverse career paths. Before, during, and after the course, students were asked to reflect on the issues of barriers, diversity, and role models, which were analysed in a quantitative and qualitative manner. As a follow up, female graduates of the program, already working as software developers, were surveyed about the same questions, in order to explore what women who do end up in IT careers share.

Barriers, Role Models, and Diversity – Women in IT

Despite the growing need for IT professionals all around Europe, women are still severely underrepresented in IT-related fields. According to Eurostat, female IT specialists constitute only 16.5% of the workforce in the EU28 countries. Gender imbalance, however, is conspicuous already in higher education: only 23% of students majoring in IT are women. The reasons why girls are reluctant to consider a career in IT are complex. Based on the analysis of recent literature review papers about young women’s barriers, we can differentiate four basic obstacles that keep girls from IT: social, educational, self-efficacy, and labour market factors. In order to overcome these obstacles, the necessary tools are the presence of role models, the promotion of diverse IT paths, and inclusive teaching environments. The present paper aims to introduce a study conducted within the settings of a non-degree, tertiary Computer Science program, with the usual scarcity of female students and a high dropout rate. As part of their program, students also need to attend an interdisciplinary course, in which they are exposed to an inclusive teaching environment, the presentations of role models, and diverse career paths. Before, during, and after the course, students were asked to reflect on the issues of barriers, diversity, and role models, which were analysed in a quantitative and qualitative manner. As a follow up, female graduates of the program, already working as software developers, were surveyed about the same questions, in order to explore what women who do end up in IT careers share.

Factors Attracting or Deterring Female Medical Students in Asia From Pursuing a Surgical Career, and the Impact of Surgical Clerkship, Mentorship, and Role Models: A Multicultural Asian Perspective From a National Prospective Cohort Study

BackgroundFemale surgeons are highly underrepresented in Asian countries, where prescriptive gender norms are widespread and more deeply embedded in societies. Materials and methodsA nationwide structured questionnaire was completed by 1741 Singaporean third- and fifth-year medical students after the completion of an 8-week general surgery rotation, during 2015-2017. Results were analyzed using mixed-effects hierarchical models which took into account clustering of survey responses under the teaching hospitals which students were posted to and medical students’ year of study. ResultsFemale medical students had a poorer perception of general surgery than male students (3.22 ± 0.91 versus 3.41 ± 0.89; P < 0.0001) before the clerkship. However, the clerkship improved female students' opinion to a greater extent than male students (+0.84 ± 1.06 versus +0.59 ± 1.03; P < 0.0001), resulting in female and male students having comparable attitudes toward surgery after the clerkship (4.06 ± 0.79 versus 4.00 ± 0.87; P = 0.2435). A total of 40.4% of female students responded that they were inspired to pursue a surgical career after the clerkship, and we identified 13 pedagogical traits of faculty and resident mentors which were associated with female students’ career aspirations. Female students were more likely to consider intellectual challenges arising from cases (ratio: 1.045 [95% confidence interval 1.004-1.088, P = 0.0292]) and the presence of role models (ratio: 1.068 [95% confidence interval: 1.020-1.118, P = 0.0048]) as “pull” factors compared with their male contemporaries, but were deterred from a surgical career to a greater extent by eight “push” factors. ConclusionsA surgical clerkship itself could be regarded as an effective intervention for improving female medical students’ enthusiasm for surgery, which may help to address the “pipeline problem” of few female students applying for surgical training after medical school. A greater emphasis on “pull factors” and pedagogical qualities of mentors could be used to improve the clerkship experience, to attract more female students to surgery.

Role Models on Student's Entrepreneurial Intentions: a Case Study

The study aimed at determining the effects of role models on students' Entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship has been identified as a key driver of economic growth as it can help in reducing unemployment; however, the problem of unemployment among graduates persists as most of them end up seeking paid employments rather than taking advantage of the available business opportunities. This could be attributed to the job-seeking mentality of most graduates and the fact that they never had any intention of going into businesses on their own. The presence of role models in the form of attitudes towards entrepreneurship perceived behavioural control and social norms were proposed as they have been found to have a positive effect on student's entrepreneurial intentions. To achieve this, the survey research design was adopted, Taro Yamen's formula was used to derive a sample size of 263 respondents from the total population of 753 students studying Business Administration, Accounting and Marketing from Delta State Polytechnic Ozoro and Ogwash-you. Cronbach's alpha test was used to test the reliability of the instrument, while correlation and regression analysis were employed for the test of hypotheses.

Understanding nascent women entrepreneurs: an exploratory investigation into their entrepreneurial intentions

PurposeWomen entrepreneurs are having increasingly profound impacts on the global economic landscape, although little is known about what supports or restricts women’s entrepreneurial attempts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the perceptual (i.e. presence of role models and fear of failure) and cognitive (i.e. opportunity recognition and entrepreneurial knowledge) mechanisms that influence a women’s choice of an entrepreneurial career.Design/methodology/approachA transnational sample of 9,716 women participating in global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) survey was examined using logistical regression analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that role models, opportunity discovery and entrepreneurial knowledge have a significant and positive influence on female respondents’ entrepreneurial intentions. Interestingly, fear of failure is not related to their entrepreneurial intention, which challenges the prevailing assumption that the worries about new venture outcomes are the primary suppressor of women’s entrepreneurship.Originality/valueThis study sheds new light on the intention of becoming women entrepreneurs, which has multiple implications for originality/value. This study sheds new light on the intention of becoming women entrepreneurs, which has many implications for policymakers. Moreover, theoretical contributions and directions for future research are discussed.

The Perceived Influence of Role Models and Early Career Development in Native and Migrant Youth

Role models provide youth with valuable information on how to pursue their career goals. However, whether the presence of role models is related to career development beyond social support has not been sufficiently addressed. We investigated how perceived role model influence and social support were related to goal engagement among 191 students and to work engagement among 500 apprentices, and whether these effects were mediated by occupational self-efficacy. We further examined differences between native and migrant youth. Data were analyzed using multigroup structural equation modeling. Our results suggested that engagement was related to role model influence beyond its relationship with social support among students and apprentices. However, this relationship was not found for migrant students. There were no significant indirect effects of role model influence on engagement via self-efficacy among students and apprentices. Our results suggest that role models should be acknowledged as a distinct facilitator of adolescents’ work-related engagement.