Exploring the Barriers and Coping Strategies Faced by Male Nursing Students in Japanese Nursing Education

Abstract

Nursing is traditionally considered a female profession, and male nursing students face gender stereotype barriers. Most studies of male nursing students in Japan focus on their learning experiences in maternal nursing, and little is known about the experiences of male nursing students in their usual learning environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the barriers and coping strategies of Japanese male nursing students in nursing education, including classroom and practical training. A qualitative descriptive design was used to study 20 male nursing students from eight Japanese universities. Purposive sampling using the snowball method was used to recruit participants. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data about the participants' thoughts and experiences in nursing education. All interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Nursing choices of own volition, (2) Loneliness due to the female-dominated environment and marginalization, (3) Dealing with barriers and seeking support, and (4) Positive experiences in nursing education. Male nursing students face barriers such as loneliness and feelings of alienation. Family support, mutual support among male nursing students, and the presence of role models were factors that addressed these barriers and positively influenced career choice. This research suggests that nursing educators need to understand the barriers faced by male nursing students and provide a gender-neutral learning environment for all students.