Presence Of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Research Articles

Enzyme immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus: rapid detection in nasopharyngeal secretions and evaluation of isolates representing different RSV subgroups.

The presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was investigated by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) technique and by an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in 169 samples of nasopharyngeal secretions of infants and children with acute respiratory infections. Of 31 samples positive by EIA, 25 were positive by IFA. In 24 samples from a retrospective study, RSV positive by IFA and/or tissue culture isolation (TCI), 22 were also positive by EIA. The EIA was also evaluated with 111 RSV isolates in Hep2 cell cultures representing different RSV subgroups. All were positive by EIA. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

Comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, indirect immunofluorescence assay, and virus isolation for detection of respiratory viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions

Nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 94 children with acute respiratory illness were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and influenza virus type A by virus culturing (virus isolation technique [VIT]), immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Similar results were obtained in at least two tests for RSV, influenza virus type A, and adenovirus in 92 (97.9%), 88 (93.6%), and 88 (93.6%) cases, respectively. Both rapid virus detection methods showed good specificity for the diagnosis of these virus infections (greater than or equal to 90.7%) and were more sensitive than was VIT for RSV detection. In a more accurate statistical analysis, the indexes of agreement between VIT and ELISA were substantial for RSV (kappa = 0.69; zeta = 5.5; P less than 0.0001), influenza virus type A (kappa = 0.67; zeta = 5.3; P less than 0.0001), and adenovirus (kappa = 0.71; zeta = 6.0; P less than 0.0001), while it was almost perfect for RSV when ELISA was compared with IFA (kappa = 0.88; zeta = 5.7; P less than 0.0001). Although the observed agreement was good in the comparison of these two tests for these three viruses (89%0, the indexes of agreement were moderate in the comparison of IFA and VIT for RSV (K = 0.55; Z = 2.0; P < 0.05), influenza virus type A (K = 0.42; Z = 9.7; P < 0.0001), and adenovirus (K = 0.41; Z = 6.5; P < 0.0001) and of ELISA and IFA for influenza virus type A (K = 0.55; Z = 7.0; P < 0.0001) and adenovirus (K = 0.59; Z = 6.8; P < 0.0001). All of the statistical evaluations demonstrated better agreement between ELISA and VIT for influenza virus type A and adenovirus.

RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN YOUNG HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN AND OUTPATIENTS IN AUSTRIA. PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF A LONG TERM STUDY

Only few data are available on the epidemiology of rhinovirus infections and their contribution to viral respiratory tract infections in children. We have therefore started a long term study to investigate the disease incidence in relation to season, age, socioeconomic, environmental, and somatic factors. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were screened for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenoviruses (AD), parainfluenza virus type I,II,III (PI,II,III), influenza virus type A and B (I-A,I-B), enteroviruses (ENT), and rhinoviruses (RHV) by enzyme immunoassay and tissue culture isolation procedure. Preliminary results are as follows: From October 1984 to March 1985, nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from 254 children (86.2% hospitalized, 13.8% outpatients) aged 1 month to a years. In 54.9% an upper (URI) and in 45.1% a lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) was the reason for medical consultation. 17% of the URI were due to RSV and 11% due to RHV. RSV was recovered in 36.2% and RHV in 6.7% of the specimens derived from patients with LRI. Family size had no influence on the attack rate of respiratory tract infections. A higher incidence and a more severe clinical course of respiratory tract disease was found in children exposed to parental smoking. Similar results were obtained in children from families with a history of chronic respiratory tract disease.

Evidence for Both Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Measles Virus Antigens in the Osteoclasts of Patients with Paget??s Disease of Bone

Recent ultrastructural and immunohistochemical evidence supports the hypothesis that Paget's disease of bone is a slow viral infection of the Paramyxoviridae family. Conflicting evidence for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a pneumovirus, or measles, a morbillivirus, has been reported. By the indirect fluorescent antibody assay, four RSV antisera were compared with four measles antisera on serial sections of pagetic bone or replicate coverslips of cells from pagetic bone grown in culture from 30 patients. Results produced positive immunofluorescence for RSV in 28 of 29 patients and positive immunofluorescence for measles in 11 of 22 patients. Of the 20 patients from whom comparable samples could be tested for antigens, 11 were found to harbor both antigens. These studies support the hypothesis that Paget's disease of bone is a slow viral infection of the Paramyxoviridae family more closely related to the pneumoviruses than the morbilliviruses.

Rapid immunoperoxidase assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions.

Samples of nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 70 infants and young children with acute respiratory disease were examined for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus by immunoperoxidase assay (IPA). The IPA was compared with the immunofluorescence assay and with cell culture isolation. Respiratory syncytial virus antigen-positive cells were detected by both IPA and immunofluorescence assay in 28 specimens; 25 samples were positive in cell culture. The agreement between virus isolation and IPA and IFA was 89%. The applicability of IPA to rapid viral diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection is discussed.