Presence Of Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors Research Articles

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Differential Transcriptomic Profile of the Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue and Their Resident Stem Cells.

Background: The increase in the incidence of obesity and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) over the last decades has brought attention on adipose tissue (AT) pathobiology. The expansion of AT is associated with the development of new vasculature needed to perfuse the tissue; however, not all fat depots have the same ability to induce angiogenesis that requires recruitment of their own endothelial cells. In this study we have investigated the effect of different CVRFs, on the angiogenic capacity of the subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue and on the function of their mesenchymal cell reservoir. Methods: A transcriptomic approach was used to compare the different angiogenic and inflammatory profiles of the subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from individuals with obesity, as well as their resident stem cells (ASCs). Influence of other risk factors on fat composition was also measured. Finally, the microvesicles (MVs) released by ASCs were isolated and their regenerative potential analyzed by molecular and cellular methodologies. Results: Obesity decreases the angiogenic capacity of AT. There are differences between SAT and VAT; from the 21 angiogenic-related genes analyzed, only three were decreased in SAT compared with those decreased in VAT. ASCs isolated from both fat depots showed significant differences; there was a significant up-regulation of the VEGF-pathway on visceral derived ASCs. ASCs release MVs that stimulate endothelial cell migration and angiogenic capacity. Conclusions: In patients with obesity, SAT expresses a greater number of angiogenic molecules than VAT, independent of the presence of other CVRFs.

Abstract P095: New Pediatric Hypertension Guidelines Alter Prevalence Distribution and Associations With Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Target Organ Damage in Youth

Introduction: A Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) for pediatric hypertension was recently published, serving as an update to the previous guidelines (“4 th Report”). The CPG includes changes to the cut-points defining pediatric hypertension, including the incorporation of absolute cut-points rather than percentiles for adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the impact of the new CPG (compared with the 4 th Report) on the prevalence of hypertension and associations with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) and target organ damage (TOD) in a population of high-risk youth. Methods: Subjects (N=364, 10-18 years) underwent fasting anthropometric, blood pressure (measured as per the Fourth Report), CVRF (lipid profile, insulin, glucose, HbA1C%), carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), and left ventricular mass and diastolic (via echocardiography) assessments. Blood pressure was categorized as normal, elevated, Stage 1, and Stage 2 hypertension, as defined by the 4 th report and by the new CPG. The agreement between the prevalence of hypertension using the two guidelines and associations with other CVRFs and markers of TOD were evaluated using weighted Kappa statistics and tests of symmetry. Results: Of the 364 subjects (65% female, 15.1 +/- 2.1 years), 36 (10%) had Stage 1 and 11 (3%) had Stage 2 hypertension (as defined by CPG). Hypertension (Stage 1 & 2) was associated with the presence of other CVRFs and TOD (Table). With respect to hypertension prevalence distribution, the 4 th Report and CPG produced only a moderate agreement (weighted kappa 0.82 (95% CI 0.78, 0.86)) with a significant departure from perfect agreement (test of symmetry p <0.001). Similar findings were noted for associations with other CVRFs and markers of TOD (Table). Conclusions: The 4 th Report and CPG produced asymmetric blood pressure category distributions and associations with CVRFs and TOD. This finding should be considered when using the CPG in clinical and academic settings, and warrants further evaluation.

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Objective: Erectile dysfunction of vascular origin (EDVO) has been considered as an early marker of atherosclerosis, justifying a focus on identification of other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of other CVRF and the commitment of endothelial function in patients with EDVO. Design and method: We studied 26 patients followed in the Urology Service of our hospital, with EDVO diagnosed by Doppler penis. Noted the presence of other CVRF, including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and smoking. We measured the waist circumference (WC) and we calculated the body mass index to all patients. We evaluated also the commitment of endothelial function by reactive hyperemia index (RHI) determined by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). The encoding, recording and statistical analysis was performed using Epi Info ™ 7. Results: Of the patients studied, 50% were diabetic and 31% were smokers. The dyslipidemia and hypertension were present in over half of patients (54% and 69% respectively). 58% of these patients had a WC > or = 102 cm and 92% were overweight or obese. On average, each patient had 4 modifiable CVRF. 100% of patients had endothelial dysfunction, according to the results of the PAT (RHI Conclusions: In this study, it was found that patients with EDVO have at least one modifiable CVRF and that most of these had severe or very severe endothelial dysfunction (RHI 1.7–2.1 or RHI