Presence Of Nickel Chloride Research Articles

Improved Doping and Emission Efficiencies of Mn-Doped CsPbCl3 Perovskite Nanocrystals via Nickel Chloride.

It is challenging to improve the emission efficiency of Mn-doped CsPbCl3 (Mn:CsPbCl3) nanocrystals (NCs) because the excellent optical performances are dependent on high doping efficiency and few defects and traps. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies were used to investigate the luminescence properties of Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs with different Mn doping levels synthesized in the presence of nickel chloride. The doping efficiency of Mn ions in Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs was greatly enhanced in the presence of NiCl2, and the PL wavelength of Mn2+ ions was tuned from 594 to 638 nm by varying the concentration of dopant Mn from 0.11% to 15.25%. The high emission quantum yields of Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs with orange and red emissions peaked at 600 and 620 nm in hexane were 70% and 39%, respectively. The improvement in doping and emission efficiencies of Mn2+ was attributed to the enhanced formation energies of the Mn doping under the Mn and Ni codoped configuration and the resulting reduction of defects and traps in Mn:CsPbCl3 NCs with incorporation of Ni2+ ions.

Аминокислоты в условиях ионизации при электрораспылении: использование хлорида никеля для инициирования кластерообразования

Проведено систематическое исследование ионизации аминокислот методом ионизации элек- трораспылением (ESI-MS) в присутствии хлорида никеля. Проведено исследование влияния состава подвижной фазы на качество и состав масс-спектров. Состав смеси ацетонитрил-вода варьировался от 5 до 95% воды. Установлено, что изменение состава подвижной фазы существенно оказывает некото- рое влияние на интенсивность масс-спектров, но не на качественный состав. Качество масс-спектра значительно зависит от чистоты используемого ацетонитрила, который в больших количествах уве- личивает химический шум и затрудняет идентификацию. Наилучшим для работы соотношением было 45% воды и 55% ацетонитрила. Показано, что для ароматических аминокислот (тирозина, триптофа- на) наиболее характерны как процессы фрагментации (декарбоксилирование, деаминирование, распад по α-углероду), так и в некоторой степени и процессы кластерообразования с участием атомов нике- ля. Также показано, что наиболее интенсивно кластерообразование проходит в простых неароматиче- ских аминокислотах. Видно, что кластерообразование в таких случаях идёт по трём различным на- правлениям: образование молекулярных ассоциатов аминокислот с несущим заряд протоном, образо- вание молекулярных ассоциатов аминокислот с несущим заряд атомом никеля и образование поли- молекулярных координированных структур, координируемых двумя ионами никеля. В работе пока- зано, что результаты полученные при исследовании могут быть использованы не только для более чувствительного и информативного поиска аминокислот в растворах сложных смесей с хроматогра- фическим разделением и при использовании прямого ввода, но для более надёжной идентификации целевых соединений благодаря образованию кластеров целевых соединений (в случае неароматиче- ских соединений) и характерной фрагментации (в случае ароматических соединений).

An efficient nickel chloride catalyzed multi-component condensation of indole with carbonyl compounds in PEG-400 as a green medium at ambient conditions

Bis (indolyl) methane derivatives were efficiently synthesized by the condensation reaction of various aromatic aldehydes and indole in presence of nickel chloride as a Lewis acid catalyst in PEG-400 as a recyclable green solvent at room temperature. The use of PEG-400 and nickel chloride offers improvements for the synthesis of bis (indoyl) methanes with regard to the yield of products, short reaction times and green aspects utilizing recyclable and non volatile medium and avoiding any volatile and hazardous organic solvent.

Synthesis of Carbon-Silica Nanomaterials by Carbonization of Cellulose Acetate and Polyisocyanate Copolymer

Cellulose acetate and polyisocyanate copolymer synthesized by mechanical mixing of cellulose acetate, polyisocyanate and fumed silicon dioxide in the presence of nickel chloride was carbonized in silicon dioxide template. Copolymer and silicon dioxide template were formed simultaneously. Composite structure and composition was studied with SEM and EDS. SEM showed that porous carbonaceous nanomaterial was synthesized. Formed carbon is represented by coating on silicon dioxide, layered ribbon-like and fibrous structures in template pores with size from several nm (thickness) to several microns (length). Metallic nickel crystals up to 200 nm in size were fabricated in composite pores from Nickel chloride by reduction of Ni2 with products of pyrolysis of organic compounds.

Accumulation of nickel ions in seedlings of Vicia sativa L. and manifestations of oxidative stress.

The accumulation of nickel ions in the roots and shoots of vetch seedlings (Vicia sativa L.) at increasing concentrations of nickel chloride in the medium was studied. It was shown that the accumulation of nickel in the shoots was increased when the concentration of nickel chloride in the medium was more than 50μM. The bioconcentration factor and sustainability index for vetch seedlings were calculated under the experimental conditions. The obtained results were similar to parameters for other plants, grown on a nutrient medium or soil substrate. First, the obtained results allowed estimate the limits of nickel chloride concentrations for four of five zones, which correspond to the theoretical concept of dose-response curves in the studies on the influence of physiologically essential heavy metals on plants (Prasad 2010). Some parameters of oxidative stress caused by the presence of nickel chloride in the medium were shown. It seems that at low nickel concentrations in the medium in vetch seedlings the increase of several biochemical parameters (catalase activity and proline) caused by the high amylase activity in seeds.

Kinetics of catalytic hydrogen reduction of SiCl4 in the presence of nickel chloride

We have studied the reduction of silicon tetrachloride in the presence of a nickel-chloride-based catalyst. The kinetics of the process have been analyzed and the order and activation energy of the reaction have been determined. One of the main reactions on the catalyst surface is the transfer of a chlorine atom from a chlorosilane molecule to a hydrogen molecule, resulting in the formation of hydrogen chloride. The proposed reaction mechanism is supported by X-ray diffraction and chemical analysis data.

A Bis(pyrrole) Schiff Base Containing a Flexible Siloxane Bridge and Its NiII Complex

AbstractA Schiff base, H2L, containing a siloxane bridge was prepared by condensation of pyrrole‐2‐carboxaldehyde with a siloxane diamine, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane. The proper nickel(II) complex, NiL, was obtained by in situ generation of the ligand in the presence of nickel chloride. The synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and common spectroscopic (FTIR, 1H NMR, UV/Vis) techniques. Both compounds were structurally characterized by X‐ray crystallography. NiL is a discrete mononuclear nickel complex with a tetrahedrally distorted square‐planar N4 environment. The thermal behavior of the ligand and nickel complex was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Proline protects Atropa belladonna plants against nickel salt toxicity

Atropa belladonna L. plants were grown in water culture for 8 weeks before the nutrient medium was supplemented with NiCl2 to final concentrations of 0 (control treatment), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 μM. After 4 days of plant growing in the presence of nickel chloride, the content of water, proline, Ni, Fe, free polyamines, as well as lipid peroxidation rates were measured. The addition of 100–150 μM Ni to the medium significantly reduced the fresh weight increments and water content in comparison with these parameters for untreated plants; 200 μM Ni caused serious, although nonlethal damage to the plants, whereas 250 and 300 μM Ni proved to be lethal. In the aboveground organs, the major part of Ni was accumulated in the apical leaves. When the plants were treated with 200 μM Ni, the Ni content in apical leaves was 220 μg/g dry wt, while Ni content in roots reached 1500 μg/g dry wt. The treatment of plants with proline in the presence of 200 μM Ni inhibited Ni accumulation in tissues. The proline-treated plants exhibited elevated iron content in leaves and especially in roots and were characterized by comparatively low rates of lipid peroxidation and by sustained leaf water status. When 200 μM Ni was applied, the content of free putrescine decreased, while the contents of spermine and spermidine in leaves increased appreciably with respect to the control values. The toxic effect of nickel was accompanied not only by an enhanced accumulation of high- molecular-weight polyamines but also by their oxidative degradation, which was evident from the 14-fold increase in the content of 1,3-diaminopropane. The protective effect of exogenous proline in the presence of high nickel concentrations was manifested in lowered lipid peroxidation rates, alleviation of iron deficiency, and in retarded oxidative degradation of polyamines.

Permeability of anion-exchange membrane for Cl-ions. Dialysis of hydrochloride acid in the presence of nickel chloride

Using a conventional two-compartment cell with stirrers the separation of an aqueous solution of HCl-NiCl2 by an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was investigated. The dialysis process was characterized by the permeability coefficient of the membrane towards to Cl? ions. This quantity was determined by the numerical integration of equations, which describe the time dependence of the total concentration of Cl? ions in compartment initially filled with stripping agent (water), combined with an optimizing procedure. The analysis of the experimental results showed that this permeability coefficient is a satisfactory characteristic for the process studied. It can be graphically correlated with the initial acid and initial salt concentrations in the compartment initially filled with acid+salt mixture.

Application of nickel‐catalysed reduction and azo dye reactions for the determination of tinidazole

A macrocyclic Schiff base nickel(ii) complex was synthesised via template synthesis by treating acetylacetone with 1,8-diaminonaphthalene in the presence of nickel chloride in a 2:2:1 ratio in an aqueous methanol solution at 75 °C for 30 min. It was characterised by elemental, infrared, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectral analysis and used as a catalyst for the reduction of tinidazole. The reduced tinidazole was treated with nitrous acid and 2-naphthol and the resulting azo dye was used for the spectrophotometric determination of the reduction product of tinidazole.

Effects of Nickel on Eosinophil Survival

Background: Accessories, watches, coins and other items containing metal sometimes cause contact dermatitis and metal allergy. Among metals, nickel in alloys is ionized by sweat on the surface of the skin and exhibits particularly marked irritancy and allergenicity. Although eosinophils play important roles in allergy, the effects of nickel on eosinophils have not been elucidated. Methods: Eosinophils were prepared from the peritoneal cavity in rats immunized with Ascaris suum extract. Purified rat eosinophils were incubated in the presence of various kinds of metals including nickel. The viability of eosinophils was analyzed using a flow cytometer. Results: When rat eosinophils were incubated for 3 days in the presence of nickel chloride at 30–1,000 μM, the viability of eosinophils was decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Nickel chloride at 300 μM significantly increased the percentage of annexin V⁺ PI^– eosinophils. The population of annexin V⁺ PI^– eosinophils was also increased by nickel sulfate, cobalt chloride and zinc sulfate. The binding of nickel ions to eosinophils was detected by flow cytometer. Conclusions: Nickel ions bind to eosinophils and decrease the viability of eosinophils through the induction of apoptosis. Nickel ions may exhibit activity which modifies the function of eosinophils in allergy.

Blood group antigens: synthesis of TN glycopeptide related to human glycophorin AM.

Three 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose residues attached to Ser2, Thr3 and Thr4 of the amino-terminal portion of glycophorin AM are responsible for the so-called TN blood group specificity. In a continuation of earlier work, this report describes the first chemical synthesis of the triglycosylated pentapeptide H2N-Ser1-Ser2*-Thr3*-Thr4*-Gly5-OH, in which (*) represents the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl residue. This compound constitutes the G1-G5 sequence of the amino-terminal portion of human glycophorin AM, the main erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein. The above compound was obtained by a stepwise peptide coupling strategy alternatively using aminoacids and adequately protected and/or activated O-glycosyl-aminoacids. Since the desired sequence possesses both unglycosylated and glycosylated serine this route was preferred to that in which the glycosylation is carried out on the preformed pentapeptide H2N-Ser-Ser-Thr-Thr-Gly-OH. Carbohydrate residues were introduced into the sequence as 2-azido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-L-serine and L-threonine derivatives. The azido functions were further converted into the corresponding acetamido groups by treatment of the final triglyco-pentapeptide with sodium borohydride in the presence of nickel chloride followed by acetylation.

Synthesis and properties on polyaniline in the presence of nickel chloride

Both Conducting and Ferromagnetic polyaniline containing nickel (abbreviated as PANI-Ni) is synthesized in a solution containing aniline, HCl and NiCl2, using peroxydisulphate as an oxidant and horseradish peroxidase as a catalyst. The conductivity of PANI-Ni is about 10-1 Sc m -1. The result of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicated that there were unpaired electrons in PANI-Ni, and the spin density of the PANI-Ni was 1.09·1019 spins g-1. The plot of magnetization (M) against the magnetic field (H) indicated that the PANI-Ni was soft ferromagnetic at about 300 K, the sat- uration magnetization (Ms) and the coercive force (Hc) of which were 4.5 emu g -1 (electromagnetic unit per gram) and about 55 Oe, respectively. UV-Visible (UV-vis) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra showed that there was strong interaction between Ni2+ and PANI chains, but the backbone chains of PANI-Ni were hardly changed compared with PANI. Cyclic voltammogram results indicated that the PANI-Ni film was of excellent electrochemical activity.

ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Quinoline Synthesis in the Presence of Nickel Chloride.

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

An Improved Quinoline Synthesis in the Presence of Nickel Chloride

NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O has been used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of quinolines by the reaction of 2-aminoaryl ketones and α-methyleneketones under the solvent-free conditions. The clean, mild acidity conditions and quantitative yields of products are attractive features of this reaction which build a suitable method for sensitive substrates, particularly in drug synthesis.

Tetraazachlorin−Fullerene Conjugates: On−Off Control of Electronic Communication Enabled by Push−Pull Substituents

Novel tetraazachlorin (TAC)-fullerene (C60) conjugates (TAC-C60) and their analogues (TAiBC-C60 and TABC-C60 where TAiBC = tetraazaisobacteriochlorin and TABC = tetraazabacteriochlorin) have been synthesized by condensing 1,2-dicyanofullerene (1) and phthalonitrile derivatives (2) in the presence of nickel chloride in quinoline, and fully characterized using mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR. By arranging the TAC and C60 units at the minimum distance, and taking also into account the molecular symmetry, the resultant conjugates show on-off electronic communication behavior, depending on the push-pull properties of the peripheral substituents in the TAC moiety. Consequently, the UV-vis absorption spectrum of the electron-releasing butyloxy-substituted TAC-C60 (3a) contains an unusual group of three absorption bands in the Q-band region (500-900 nm) as a result of a strong electronic communication between the two moieties. On the other hand, the absorption spectrum of the electron-withdrawing butylsulfonyl-substituted TAC-C60 (3b) comprises a typically normal TAC spectrum with markedly split two-peak Q-bands. A similar phenomenon is observed between alkoxy-substituted TAiBC-C60 (4a) and butylsulfonyl-substituted TAiBC-C60 (4b). This study reveals that the electron-donating or -withdrawing nature of the peripheral substituents on an azachlorin moiety has an important effect on the electronic structures of our novel azachlorin-C60 conjugates, although the linking carbon atoms are aliphatic sp3 carbon atoms which generally do not contribute to aromaticity. The electronic structures of the conjugates have been investigated in detail using spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques with the aid of DFT calculations.

Phthalocyanines and related compounds: XLII. Synthesis of phenyl-substituted tetraazachlorins and tetraazabacteriochlorins

New oxidation-resistant hexaphenyl-substituted tetramethyltetraazachlorin, its nickel complex, and tetraphenyl-substituted octamethyltetraazabacteriochlorin and octamethyltetraazaisobacteriochlorin nickel complexes were synthesized for the first time by mixed condensation of diphenylm aleonitrile with tetramethylsuccinonitrile in the presence of lithium dimethylaminoethoxide or nickel chloride. The products were characterized by electronic absorption, 1H NMR, and mass spectra. Mixed condensation of diphenylsuccinonitrile with phthalonitrile in the presence of nickel chloride was found to give nickel complexes of phenylsubstituted benzo-fused tetraazaporphyrins rather than their hydrogenated derivatives.

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of sylvaticin, an elicitin-like protein from Pythium sylvaticum.

Sylvaticin belongs to the elicitin family. These 10 kDa oomycetous proteins induce a hypersensitive response in plants, including necrosis and cell death, but subsequently leading to a non-specific systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against other pathogens. Sylvaticin has been crystallized using PEG 2000 MME as a precipitant agent in the presence of nickel chloride. The crystals belong to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 99.29, b = 25.67, c = 67.45 A, beta = 99.66 degrees. Diffraction data were recorded to 2.1 A resolution at a synchrotron-radiation source.

A Study of Nucleophilic Reactions of Pyrazine-Carbonitrile in the Coordination Sphere of Nickel(II)

The reaction of pyrazinecarbonitrile (pz-CN) with NiX2 (X = Cl, Br and NCS) in dry methanolic and ethanolic solution led to the formation of solid complexes containing O-methylpyrazinecarboximidate (pz-C(NH)OCH3) and O-ethylpyrazinecarboximidate (pz-C(NH)OC2H5), respectively. On the other hand, an analogous reaction of NiX2 in wet ethanol solution led to the formation of solid complexes containing pyrazinecarboxamide (pz-C(O)NH2). Eight novel nickel(II) compounds have been obtained under various reaction conditions. Their stereochemistry and the mode of ligand coordination have been determined by spectral and conductometric measurements. Furthermore, a preparative method for free p7.-C(NH)OCH3 and pz-C(O)NH2 in the presence of nickel chloride is also described.

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(p-phenylene[3-(alkylthio)-2,5-thienylene]-p-phenylene)

Alternating copolymers, poly(p-phenylene[3-(alkylthio)-2,5-thienylene]-p-phenylene)s (4) were prepared by the nickel-catalyzed polymerization of 3-(alkylthio)-2,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)thiophenes (3). Polymerizations were conducted in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) in the presence of nickel chloride, zinc, triphenylphosphine, and 2,2‘-bipyridine under mild conditions. The resulting polymers 4 had a weight-average molecular weight up to 47 000. The microstructure of polymers was investigated by 13C-NMR spectroscopy, and it has been found that the obtained polymers had the expected regiorandom structures. The polymers were readily soluble in chloroform, dichloromethane, and THF and can be processed into uniform films from their solutions. Degenerate four-wave mixing measurements on polymer 4b yielded a third-order susceptibility as high as 5.5 × 10-11 esu.