Presence Of Neurological Conditions Research Articles

Molar-root incisor malformation — a systematic review of case reports and case series

ObjectivesMolar-root incisor malformation (MRIM) is a seldom reported condition characterised by disturbances in root development of first permanent molars. This systematic review aimed to collate the clinical characteristics of individuals diagnosed with MRIM.Materials and methodsA systematic search strategy using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases was performed through to March 2023. Inclusion criteria were case reports or case series including a diagnosis consistent with MRIM. Critical appraisal for all included studies utilised the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist for case reports and case series and collation of clinical characteristics was performed in JBI System for the Unified Management, Assessment and Review of Information program.ResultsThe search identified 157 studies from which 35 satisfied the inclusion criteria. After full-text review, a total of 23 papers described the MRIM dental anomaly and were included in this paper. A total of 130 reported cases were retrieved, with age ranging 3–32 years, and males affected 1.16:1 females. Presence of neurological conditions, premature birth history, medication, and surgery within first years of life were synthesised and described.ConclusionsThe aetiology of MRIM is yet to be determined but epigenetic changes from significant medical history in the first years of life are likely to influence the development of this root malformation. First permanent molars were most commonly affected, but clinicians should be aware that permanent central incisors, primary teeth and other permanent teeth may also be affected.

Neurological diseases and COVID-19: prospective analyses using the UK Biobank

COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease-19) may present with neurological signs, but whether people already affected by neurological conditions are at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 is still not known. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the association of previously diagnosed neurological conditions with COVID-19. 502,536 community-dwelling UK Biobank participants (54.4% male, mean age 56.6 ± 10.3 years) were included. Among these, 57,463 participants had a diagnosis of neurological conditions (11.43%) and a total of 1326 COVID-19-positive cases were identified (0.26%). Neurological conditions were identified through medical history and linkage to data on hospital admissions (ICD-10 code G00–G99). COVID-19 presence was diagnosed using the data provided by Public Health England. The association of previous diagnosis of neurological conditions with COVID-19 was evaluated through logistic regressions, adjusted for potential confounders, reported as odds ratios (ORs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Nerve, nerve root and plexus disorders (G50–G59) were the most common conditions identified. The presence of COVID-19 was almost doubled in neurological conditions compared to the general population (0.45 vs. 0.24%, p < 0.0001). Previously diagnosed neurological conditions were associated with 60% higher odds of COVID-19 positive in the multivariable-adjusted model (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 1.4–1.8). Other degenerative diseases of the nervous system, extrapyramidal and movement disorders, polyneuropathies and other disorders of the peripheral nervous system, cerebral palsy and other paralytic syndromes were significantly associated with a higher odds of COVID-19. The presence of neurological conditions was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of COVID-19 compared to the general population.

Neurological diseases and bullous pemphigoid: A case-control study in Iranian patients.

Neurological diseases are important co-morbidities found in association with bullous pemphigoid. Various neurological conditions (stroke, Parkinson's disease, dementia, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis) have been reported as associations of this bullous disease; whether these are significant has not been definitely proved. However, the presence of neurological conditions is a predictor of poorer prognosis. Our aim was to examine the association of bullous pemphigoid and neurological diseases in Iranian bullous pemphigoid patients. The medical records of one hundred and sixty consecutive bullous pemphigoid patients who presented to the Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran, from 2006 to 2011 were examined for evidence of any neurological disease. The control group comprised of 317 age- and sex-matched subjects. Neurological diseases were seen in 42 (26.4%) patients with bullous pemphigoid and in 29 (9.1%) controls (odds ratio: 3.53 (2.1-5.9), P< 0.001). Comparing cases to controls, stroke was seen in 17.5% versus 4.1%, odds ratio 4.96 (2.49-9.88); dementia in 5.6% versus 1.9%, odds ratio 3.09 (1.08-8.84); Parkinson's disease in 2.5% versus 2.2%, odds ratio 1.14 (0.33-3.94); epilepsy in 2.5% versus 0.6%, odds ratio 4.04 (0.73-22.3); and multiple sclerosis in 0 versus 0.3% odds ratio 1.00 (0.98-1.01). The main limitations of our study were referral bias, retrospective design and a rather low sample size. Neurological diseases in general, and stroke and dementia in particular, were significantly associated with bullous pemphigoid in our study.

Individuals with neurological diseases are at increased risk of fractures within 180 days of admission to long-term care in Ontario.

Individuals residing in long-term care (LTC) are more likely to have a fragility fracture than community-dwelling seniors. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of neurological diseases was associated with an increased risk of fracture within 180 days of admission to LTC. This retrospective cohort study used data collected in the LTC setting using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI) 2.0 during the period from 2006 to 2011 (N=42,089). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the associations between the presence of neurological conditions and incident fractures, with and without adjustment for clinical variables. The incident fracture rate for all LTC residents was 2.6% (N=1,094). Neurological condition group size ranged from n=21,015 for Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) to n=21 for muscular dystrophy (MD). The incidence of fracture among residents with specific neurological diseases was as follows: ADRD, 3.2% (n=672), MD, 4.8% (n=1), Parkinson's disease, 2.5% (n=57), stroke, 2.3% (n=166), epilepsy, 2.5% (n=38), Huntington's disease, 1.4% (n=1), multiple sclerosis, 0.3% (n=1) and traumatic brain injury, 3.8% (n=11); among the comparison group with no neurological conditions, the fracture rate was 2.0% (n=366). The neurological diseases that were associated with a significantly greater odds of having an incident fracture in the first 180 days of LTC admission were as follows: ADRD (1.3; 95% CI: 1.1-1.5), epilepsy (1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) and traumatic brain injury (2.7; 95% CI: 1.4-5.0). LTC residents with ADRD, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury are at a higher risk for sustaining an incident fracture in the first 180 days of admission and should be considered for fracture prevention strategies.

PD11-08 PATIENT PERCEPTION OF PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL DISTRESS RELATED TO URODYNAMICS TESTING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN; A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY AMONG MEN AND WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS

You have accessJournal of UrologyUrodynamics/Incontinence/Female Urology: Incontinence Evaluation1 Apr 2014PD11-08 PATIENT PERCEPTION OF PHYSICAL AND EMOTIONAL DISTRESS RELATED TO URODYNAMICS TESTING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN; A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED STUDY AMONG MEN AND WOMEN WITH AND WITHOUT NEUROLOGIC CONDITIONS Anne M. Suskind, J. Quentin Clemens, John T. Stoffel, Ann Oldendorf, Bahaa S. Malaeb, Teresa Jandron, and Anne P. Cameron Anne M. SuskindAnne M. Suskind More articles by this author , J. Quentin ClemensJ. Quentin Clemens More articles by this author , John T. StoffelJohn T. Stoffel More articles by this author , Ann OldendorfAnn Oldendorf More articles by this author , Bahaa S. MalaebBahaa S. Malaeb More articles by this author , Teresa JandronTeresa Jandron More articles by this author , and Anne P. CameronAnne P. Cameron More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.541AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Urodynamic testing is an invasive procedure that can be associated with physical discomfort and emotional distress. The purpose of this study was to identify patients’ perceptions of this test according to gender and neurologic status. METHODS This is a questionnaire-based pilot study completed by patients immediately after undergoing urodynamic testing. Participants were asked questions pertaining to their perceptions of physical and emotional distress related to the study, their urologic and general health history, and their demographics. Results were stratified by gender and the presence of neurologic conditions. RESULTS A total of 108 patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents (62.0%) felt that the exam was neither physically nor emotionally distressing, and 31.0% felt that the physical distress was worse than the emotional distress (Table). The worst part of the physical discomfort was the placement of the urethral catheter (36.8% in males, 35.1% in females). Pain associated with placement of the rectal catheter was low in both groups (7.9% in males and 3.9% in females). Results stratified by the presence of neurologic conditions followed a similar pattern; however, respondents with neurologic conditions reported no physical discomfort more often (40.7% compared to 29.7% in non-neurologic respondents). In terms of emotional distress, most respondents reported no emotional distress associated with the urodynamics study (51.5%), followed by anxiety (24.2%), embarrassment (16.2%), and not understanding what was happening (2.0%). Results were similar regardless of gender or the presence of a neurologic condition. CONCLUSIONS Urodynamic studies are well tolerated by men and women both with and without neurologic conditions. Patient perception of physical discomfort tended to be worse than that of emotional discomfort, with placement of the urethral catheter causing the most physical distress. Patient reported perceptions of physical and emotional distress stratified by gender and neurologic status. Results are presented as percentages. Overall (N=108) Male (N=39) Female (N=60) Non-Neuro (N=80) Neuro (N=28) WORST PART OF EXAM Physical discomfort 31.0 31.6 30.4 32.9 25.9 Emotional discomfort 5.0 5.3 5.4 4.1 7.4 Equally bad 2.0 2.6 1.8 1.4 3.7 Neither bad 62.0 60.5 62.5 61.6 63.0 PHYSICAL DISCOMFORT Placement of urethral catheter 35.6 36.8 35.1 39.2 25.9 No discomfort 32.7 31.6 31.6 29.7 40.7 Holding a full bladder 10.9 7.9 14.0 10.8 11.1 Urinating 6.9 2.6 10.5 6.8 7.4 Placement of catheter in rectum 5.0 7.9 3.5 5.4 3.7 Filling bladder with fluid 3.0 2.6 1.8 2.7 3.7 EMOTIONAL DISCOMFORT None 51.5 47.4 54.6 50.0 55.6 Anxiety 24.2 26.3 23.6 25.0 22.2 Embarrassment 16.2 18.4 14.6 16.7 14.8 Not understanding what was happening 2.0 2.6 3.6 2.8 7.4 Fear 2.0 2.6 1.8 2.8 -- © 2014FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 191Issue 4SApril 2014Page: e289 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2014MetricsAuthor Information Anne M. Suskind More articles by this author J. Quentin Clemens More articles by this author John T. Stoffel More articles by this author Ann Oldendorf More articles by this author Bahaa S. Malaeb More articles by this author Teresa Jandron More articles by this author Anne P. Cameron More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...

Association of Subclinical Inflammation With Polyneuropathy in the Older Population

OBJECTIVEInflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), but their possible relationship has not been assessed at the population level.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe determined serum concentrations of mediators of subclinical inflammation among 1,047 participants 61–82 years of age from the population-based Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) F4 study (Germany). Logistic and linear regression models were fitted to assess associations between immune mediators (log-transformed) and the presence of clinical DSPN (dichotomous variable) or Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) examination score (continuous variable), respectively.RESULTSSerum concentrations of the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) were positively associated with the presence of DSPN and higher MNSI scores in age-adjusted and sex-adjusted analyses, whereas IL-6, IL-18, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 were positively associated with only MNSI scores. No associations were observed for adiponectin, C-reactive protein, or tumor necrosis factor-α. Associations for IL-1RA and IL-6 with the MNSI score remained statistically significant after additional adjustment for waist circumference, height, hypertension, cholesterol, smoking, alcohol intake, physical activity, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, presence of neurological conditions, and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that DSPN is linked to proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory, possibly compensatory, processes in the older general population. Future studies should clarify the temporal sequence and causality of these associations.

The Diagnostic Test Accuracy of Clinical Swallow Assessment for Oropharyngeal Aspiration: A Systematic Review.

Review question/objective The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the best available evidence on the diagnostic test accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of Clinical Swallow Assessment (CSA) compared with Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) in diagnosing oropharyngeal aspiration in children and adults with dysphagia. In this review, VFSS will be the 'Gold Standard' or, reference test and CSA will be the index test. VFSS is the radiographic assessment of swallow function usually performed by a Speech Pathologist and Radiologist. CSA is defined as a non-invasive, non-instrumental assessment of swallow function. It is usually performed by a Speech Pathologist and includes a thorough case history and assessment of oro-motor function. For example, tongue, jaw movement, cough reflex and review of swallow function with a range of food and fluids. A rating is usually provided to describe the level of function and likely presence or absence of aspiration. Based on the CSA findings the Speech Pathologist recommends specific diet and fluid modifications, feeding techniques and positioning techniques to enable safe oral feeding. Inclusion criteria Types of participants Studies will be considered in this review if they include: infants, children or adults with dysphagia. The following definitions will be used within this review: - infant will be defined as < 36 months; - children will be defined as 36 months – 18 years; - adults will be defined as 18 years and over; - dysphagia will be defined as 'a swallowing disorder' 6. The definition uses 36 months as the cut off between infants and children as this is the stage when the infant transitions from sucking patterns used for bottle feeding and early solids and begins to chew solids, self feed and drink from a range of cups consistent with an older child 4. There will be no exclusion of studies based on age or gender. Studies will be excluded that include the population of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients, patients with a tracheostomy in situ and patients with craniofacial anomalies. The primary treatment for HNC patients includes surgery and radiotherapy . Radiotherapy can have a specific impact on swallowing , not necessarily seen in other populations and surgical resections can result in predictable swallowing difficulties . Patients with a tracheostomy in situ and patients with craniofacial anomalies also have known anatomical changes that have a specific impact on swallow function. The clinician undertaking the clinical swallow assessment has access to any anatomical changes following surgery. This is different to other populations whereby information regarding specific neurological and anatomical information is not necessarily available. Focus of the review The focus of this review will be on diagnostic test accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of Clinical Swallow Assessment (CSA) compared with Video Fluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) in diagnosing oropharyngeal aspiration in children and adults with dysphagia. In this review, VFSS will be the 'Gold Standard' or, reference test and CSA will be the index test. The terms VFSS and Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) refer to the same study. Although this review will use the term VFSS defined as the radiographic assessment of the oral and pharyngeal swallow, MBS studies will also be included. The terms Clinical Swallow Assessment and Bedside Swallow Evaluation also refer to the same diagnostic tool . Clinical Swallow Assessment (CSA) will be used within this review, defined as the non-instrumental, non-radiologic assessment of swallow function by a Speech Pathologist, however studies of Bedside Swallow Evaluation will also be included. Studies that do not use CSA as the index test or do not use VFSS as the reference test will be excluded. In addition, studies of effectiveness, experience or comparison of treatment interventions will be excluded. The diagnostic test accuracy of CSA and VFSS will be compared using: sensitivity and specificity. Where possible, positive and negative predictive values will also be analysed and reported. Sensitivity of a diagnostic test is defined as 'the ability of the test to identify correctly those who have the disease'34. Specificity of a diagnostic test is defined as 'the ability of the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease' Positive predictive value is defined as the proportion of patients who test positive and actually have the disease in question . Negative predictive value is defined as the proportion of patients who test negative and actually do not have the disease in question .

The clinical significance of poor bladder compliance

There is limited data on bladder compliance associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the decrease in bladder compliance, and the clinical relationship between patterns of increased pressure with neurological disease. A retrospective analysis was performed in 5,027 patients with voiding dysfunction between June 2002 and April 2008. The patients with poor compliance (PC) were categorized according to the detrusor pattern of increased pressure: group A (gradual increase), group B (terminal increase), and group C (abrupt increase and plateau). Patients with PC were found in 170 (3.4%) cases (76 males and 94 females) with 46.5% in group A 44.7%, group B, and 8.8% group C. Bladder trabeculation was more prevalent in patients with PC than among those with normal compliance. Group A had the highest correlation with the incidence of spinal cord injury compared to the other groups. Group B had a higher correlation with a history of pelvic irradiation, radical prostatectomy, and tethered cord syndrome compared to the others. Vesicoureteral reflux was more frequently detected in group A and group C. Group C was positively correlated with the presence of detrusor overactivity and nocturnal enuresis. Poor compliance was correlated with the presence of neurological conditions. The gradual increase of detrusor pressure was associated with the development of spinal cord injury, and the terminal increase had an association with a history of treatment to the pelvic cavity.