Presence Of Multiple Arteries Research Articles

Angioplasty and angiorrhaphy efficiency in renal transplantation scenarios with multiple arteries and veins

ObjectiveTo evaluate post-transplant renal perfusion and vascular complications of renal transplantation in patients with the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) operated in the presence of multiple blood vessels at Viet Duc University Hospital. MethodsA non-controlled interventional study was performed prospectively and retrospectively between January 2012 and June 2018. The study sample includes 84 patients who underwent live donor renal transplantation in the presence of multiple arteries (RAs) and veins (RVs) at Viet Duc Hospital. The surgical procedure comprised of end-to-side anastomosis to the recipient's external iliac artery/vein, gun barrel anastomosis of two RAs/RVs, anastomosis of the small RA/RV to the main RA/RV, anastomosis of the polar artery to the inferior epigastric artery, small artery constriction, and their combinations. ResultsOn clamp removal, 94% of the transplanted kidneys were solid and evenly pink, 3.6% had bruises due to small artery constriction, 1.2% were poorly perfused due to vasoconstriction, and 1.2% had renal artery branches occluded by blood clots and required anastomosis re-opening. All kidneys began to produce urine on the operating table. ConclusionA high success rate of renal transplantation in the presence of multiple blood vessels requires that surgeons have sufficient experience and use a combination of angioplasty and angiorrhaphy techniques.

Anatomical Basis for Selective Multiple Arterial Reconstructions in Living Donor Liver Transplantation.

Need for routine reconstruction of all arteries in grafts with multiple arterial inflows remains an unsettled debate. The aim of following article is to review an anatomical basis of a decision-making strategy to deal with multiple arteries in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). LDLT performed between August 2009-2019 were included. Grafts were classified into grafts with single artery (group 1); multiple arteries, all reconstructed (group 2); and multiple arteries, one reconstructed (group 3). Frequency of double arteries in relation to graft type, type of reconstruction, incidence of arterial and biliary complications and survival was compared. 1086 LDLT were analysed (adults: 750, paediatric: 336). 1007 grafts (92.2%) had single artery (group 1), and 79 (7.8%) grafts had multiple arteries. All arteries were reconstructed in 19 (24%) patients (group 2), while 60 grafts (75.9%) had only one artery reconstructed (group 3). Left lobe (18.8%) and left lateral segments (10.7%) grafts were more likely to have multiple arteries (p = 0.001). The likelihood of reconstructing multiple arteries was similar in all graft types, 27.3% in right and 25% and 21.4% in left lobe and left lateral segments, respectively (p > 0.05). There was no difference in biliary complications (p = 0.85), hepatic artery thrombosis (p = 0.82), and post-surgical hospital stay (p = 0.38) between the three groups. The presence of multiple arteries or their selective reconstruction did not affect survival (p = 0.73). Multiple arterial inflows are not an uncommon entity and demonstration of good hilar collateralization helps in avoiding unnecessary arterial reconstruction without adverse outcomes.

The effect of the presence of multiple arteries on living renal donor selection

The effect of the presence of multiple arteries on living renal donor selection

Are there any relations among transplant centre volume, surgical technique and anatomy for donor graft selection? Ten-year multicentric Italian experience on mini-invasive living donor nephrectomy.

Selection of the right or left living donor kidney for transplantation is influenced by many variables. In the present multi centric study including 21 Italian transplant centres, we evaluated whether centre volume or surgical technique may influence the selection process. Intra- and perioperative donor data, donor kidney function, and recipient and graft survival were collected among 693 mini-invasive living donor nephrectomies performed from 2002 to 2014. Centre volume (LOW, 1-50 cases; HIGH, >50 cases) and surgical technique (FULL-LAP, full laparoscopic and robotic; HA-LAP, hand-assisted laparoscopy; MINI-OPEN, mini-lumbotomy) were correlated with selection of right or left donor kidney and with donor and recipient outcome. HIGH-volume centres retrieved a higher rate of donor right kidneys (29.3% versus 17.6%, P < 0.01) with single artery (83.1% versus 76.4%, P < 0.05) compared with LOW-volume centres. Surgical technique correlated significantly with rate of donor right kidney and presence of multiple arteries: MINI-OPEN (53% and 13%) versus HA-LAP (29% and 22%) versus FULL-LAP (11% and 23%), P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively. All donors had an uneventful outcome; donor bleeding was more frequent in LOW-volume centres (4% versus 0.9%, P < 0.05). Centre volume and surgical technique influenced donor kidney side selection. Donor nephrectomy in LOW-volume centres was associated with higher risk of donor bleeding.

Renal denervation in multiple renal arteries.

In most previous studies investigating efficacy of renal denervation (RDN), patients with multiple renal arteries are generally excluded from treatment. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of multiple renal arteries in patients referred for RDN, to propose a classification for anatomical eligibility and to investigate the relation between the presence of multiple arteries and blood pressure (BP)-lowering effect. Patients referred for RDN who underwent noninvasive imaging of the renal arteries before treatment were included in present analysis. Eligible patients were treated. Renal function and BP were evaluated 6 months after treatment. Hundred and twenty-six patients referred for RDN were included in present analysis. Thirty-four per cent had multiple arteries. Sixty-nine patients underwent RDN. Office BP significantly reduced from 195 (± 26)/106 (± 14) mmHg to 165 (± 24)/95 (± 14) mmHg (P < 0·001). BP reduction in patients with multiple arteries which were all treated was comparable to patients with solitary arteries. However, patients with multiple which were not all treated showed a trend towards a less pronounced effect of RDN (β: 11·6, P = 0·11). The proposed classification appeared useful by identifying eligible anatomy. Renal function at 6 months did not differ from baseline in all subgroups. Based on our results and the high prevalence of multiple arteries, it seems reasonable not to exclude patients with multiple renal arteries from RDN. Current analysis suggests that BP reduction may be less pronounced in patients with multiple renal arteries of whom not all arteries were treated.

Évaluation préopératoire du nombre de vaisseaux chez le donneur de rein vivant. La TDM est-elle supérieure à l’IRM ?

computed tomography angiography (CTA) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) are both used in the preoperative assessment of vascular anatomy before donor nephrectomy. Our objective was to determine retrospectively and to compare the sensitivity of CTA and MRA imaging in preoperative renal vascularisation in living kidney donors. between 1999 and 2007, 42 kidney donors were assessed in our center: 27 by MRA, 10 by CTA, and five by both techniques. Images were interpreted using multiplanar reconstructions. Results were compared retrospectively with peroperative findings; discordant cases were re-examined by an experienced radiologist. Numbers of vessels detected with imaging methods was compared with numbers actually found at the operating time. MRA showed 35/43 arteries (Se 81.4 %) and 33/34 veins (Se 97.1 %), and CTA showed 18/18 arteries (Se 100 %) and 15/16 veins (Se 93.8 %). The presence of multiple arteries was detected in only one third of cases (3/9) on MRI scans; this difference was statistically significant. The missed arteries were not detected on second examination of the MRI scans with the knowledge of peroperative findings. MRA is less sensitive than CTA for preoperative vascularisation imaging in living renal donors, especially in the detection of multiple renal arteries.

Maximizing the donor pool: use of right kidneys and kidneys with multiple arteries for live donor transplantation

Studies have shown donor and recipient outcomes to be equivalent for laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) and open donor nephrectomy. In the past, LDN has been avoided in the procurement of the right kidney or organs with multiple arteries. This study compares procurement of right and left kidneys as well as procurement of single- and multiple artery organs. A review of all LDNs at a single institution between August 2000 and December 2007 was performed. The data included estimated blood loss (EBL), need for transfusion, operative time, warm ischemia time, length of hospital stay (LOS), and delayed graft function. Arterial supply was assessed using renal arteriogram or computed tomographic (CT) angiography. Outcomes for multiple versus single artery and left versus right LDN were compared. Student's t-test and chi-square test were used for statistical comparison. A total of 230 LDNs were performed. Multiple arteries were present in 37 donors. The right kidney was procured from 36 donors. No significant difference in EBL, transfusions, operative time, or LOS was noted between multiple and single or right and left LDNs. Warm ischemia time was significantly longer for multiple arteries (mean, 83 s) than for single arteries (mean, 63 s; p = 0.007), and for right kidneys (mean, 86 s) than for left kidneys (mean, 62 s; p = 0.001). No significant difference in delayed graft function was seen in the comparison of multiple (21.6%) and single (11.4%) artery organs (p = 0.11) or of right (13.9%) and left (12.9%) kidneys (p = 0.79). The presence of multiple arteries or the need to procure the right kidney does not affect the operative outcome of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Warm ischemia time may be greater for these groups, but this does not result in delayed allograft function. The laparoscopic approach should be the standard of care even when expansion of the donor pool includes organs with multiple arteries and procurement of the right kidney.

Outcome of pediatric liver transplant in grafts with multiple arteries

Young age, small diameter of the hepatic artery, presence of multiple arteries, and the selected technique are risk factors for hepatic arterial complications. We report the outcomes of pediatric liver transplant (LT) patients who had received a liver graft with multiple arteries. Since April 2001, 89 pediatric LTs have been performed at our center. Twenty-six liver grafts (29.2%) that had multiple hepatic arteries were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-five grafts had 2, and 1 graft had 3, hepatic arteries. In 17 grafts with double arteries, and in 1 graft with 3 arteries, the adjacent edges of the hepatic arteries were sutured together at the back table to create a single opening, and the recipient's common hepatic artery was then anastomosed to that orifice. In 8 grafts with double arteries, 2 separate anastomoses were performed between the graft hepatic arteries and the recipient's hepatic artery branches. The mean age of the recipients was 7.9 +/- 5.4 years (range, 0.6-17 years). During the early postoperative period, hepatic arterial thromboses occurred in 3 recipients. Two of these 3 recipients were treated with transcatheter arterial thrombolysis using streptokinase or recombinant plasminogen and intraluminal stent placement, and the remaining recipient was treated with a re-anastomosis using a polytetrafluoroethylene graft. Three recipients died during follow-up, which ranged from 1 to 71 months. In conclusion, multiple graft arteries did not increase the incidence of hepatic arterial complications in our series.

Routine left robotic-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is safe and effective regardless of the presence of vascular anomalies

The classic approach to donor nephrectomy consists of preferential procurement of the kidney without vascular anomalies. We studied the effect of routine procurement of the left kidney regardless the presence of multiple arteries on the outcomes of robotic-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) with particular reference to the incidence of urological complications. From August 2000 to July 2005, 209 left LLDNs were performed. We analyzed the outcomes of donors and recipients in relation to the presence of multiple vessels versus normal anatomy. We divided the patients into two groups: group A (n = 148) with normal vascular anatomy and group B (n = 61) with vascular anomalies. In the donors, no significant difference in conversion to open surgery rate, blood loss, length of stay, was noted between the two groups; operative time and warm ischemia time were slightly higher in group B. One-year patient survival was 98% in both groups while the 1-year graft survival was 96.6% in group A and 96% in group B. Only one urological complication was noted in the group with normal anatomy (0.7%) versus none in the group with multiple arteries. Left kidney procurement using robotic-assisted laparoscopic technique is safe and effective, even in the presence of vascular anomalies.

Right renal vein extension technique in human kidney transplantation.

A technique for renal vein extension in right kidney transplantation is described. The use of this method allows to avoid some technical difficulties in the transplantation of kidneys with short renal vein and multiple arteries. The short renal vein, even in the presence of multiple arteries, should not by itself be regarded as a barrier to successful cadaveric kidney transplantation. By using all available kidneys for transplantation, regardless of the type of anatomical abnormalities, we were able to raise the number of transplantations in our material by 25%.

Transplantation of kidneys with multiple arteries: No adverse effects on immediate function or long‐term survival

The presence of multiple arteries on renal allografts demands superior technical skill and results in a prolonged anastomosis time. This has been implicated as a cause of delayed graft function and inferior graft survival. The incidence of renal artery stenosis, secondary to the presence of smaller donor vessels, has never been determined. Seven‐hundred‐seventy transplants performed at a single center during the 7‐yr period from January 1979 to December 1985 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 180 living related transplants, 35 (19.4%) had multiple arteries. Thirty‐one of these kidneys had 2 renal arteries and 4 had 3 renal arteries. Among 590 cadaver donor transplants, 121 (20.5%) had multiple arteries: 106 kidneys had 2, 14 had 3, and 1 had 4 renal arteries. Data was analyzed for initial function, 1‐yr graft and patient survival, and incidence of symptomatic renal artery stenosis documented by arteriography. Transplant renal artery thrombosis was diagnosed by renal scintiscan. The patients were grouped according to source of donor kidney and by immunosuppressive protocol. The single artery and multiple artery groups were similar with respect to donor factors, duration and technique of renal preservation, HLA match grade, recipient risk factors and patient management. There was no significant difference in early function or patient and graft survival between the two groups. There was no instance of acute post‐transplant renal failure in living related donor transplants. The reported increased rate of acute post‐transplant renal failure due to prolonged anastomosis time (in cyclosporine‐treated kidneys) was not reproduced in this study. There was no difference in the incidence of symptomatic renal artery stenosis in single or multiple artery grafts with 1‐ to 7‐yr follow‐up. We conclude that implantation of renal grafts with multiple arteries does not adversely affect the ultimate graft or patient survival. The increased implantation time necessary with multiple arteries does not significantly affect immediate graft function. Additionally, grafts with multiple arteries do not demonstrate an increased incidence of renal artery stenosis, as feared when small vessels are anastomosed. We are encouraged to continue the use of cadaver donor kidneys with multiple vessels, some of which might otherwise be wasted. Furthermore, bilateral multiple arteries in living donors should not constitute a contraindication to kidney donation.