Presence Of Inclusion Bodies Research Articles

Experimental infections of pregnant sows with ovine Chlamydia psittaci strains

Four sows were experimentally inoculated at 42 days pregnancy, with the BS isolate of Chlamydia psittaci from aborted ewes. Their body temperature and health were monitored until 30 days after farrowing. The sows seroconverted but their reproductive performance was not impaired. Chlamydiae were identified in the afterbirths from two sows with normal litters using stained smears, “Clearview” and “IDEIA®” ELISA antigen detection tests. The presence of inclusion bodies was detected in sections of the infected fetal membranes after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, methylene blue and Streptavidin-Biotin using an anti- Chlamydia monoclonal antibody.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic progressive, usually fatal disease of uncertain pathogenesis that is associated with the presence of mutant measles virus in the CNS. The diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and an elevated titre of measles antibodies in the CSF. Electroencephalography, imaging studies and measles antibody synthesis rate in the CSF provide supportive laboratory data. When CSF studies are negative, a brain biopsy is indicated to assess the presence of inclusion bodies, measles virus antigens or viral RNA.

The clinical pathological correlates of lobar atrophy.

Three clinical syndromes associated with fronto-temporal cerebral atrophy, studied in one centre are discussed: dementia of frontal type (DFT), DFT and motor neurone disease (MND) and progressive aphasia (PA). The pathological findings in DFT (13 brains), DFT and MND (5 brains) and PA (5 brains) permit a number of clinical pathological groupings. The nosological status of fronto-temporal atrophy is discussed with reference to the literature and it is suggested that a common underlying pathology, including Picks disease as strictly defined by the presence of inclusion bodies, underlies the clinical syndromes, each being determined by the anatomical distribution of the pathology.

Experimental Transmission and Pathogenicity of a Viral Erythrocytic Infection in Sea BassDicentrarchus labrax

Abstract The experimental transmission of a viral erythrocytic infection (VEI) in sea bass Dicentrarchus (=Morone) labrax of the Mediterranean is reported. Transmission procedures included the intraperitoneal inoculation of healthy fishes with blood and hematopoietic tissue extracts from VEI-affected fishes, direct contact between VEI-affected and unaffected fishes, and rearing of fishes in unfiltered, nonirradiated seawater that had been used for holding VEI-affected fishes. Successful transmission of the infection was achieved in all experimental conditions, as ascertained by the presence of inclusion bodies in Giemsa-stained blood cells and subsequently confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent staining. Transmission of VEI by the inoculation of filtered cell-free extracts from affected tissues confirmed not only the infectious character of the disease but also its viral etiology. Two different patterns of effects on the hematological variables were observed: an erythroblastic polycythemia occurred 3 mon...

Diagnosis of ehrlichiosis from the presence of inclusion bodies or morulae of E can is

ABSTRACTPeripheral blood smears (stained with May‐Griinwald‐Giemsa) taken from 250 dogs showing clinical signs suggestive of ehrlichiosis were examined for the presence of inclusion bodies or morulae of Ehrlichia canis. Inclusion bodies were seen in 220 (88 per cent) cases, of which only 9 (4 per cent) cases exhibited morulae. Thus inclusions other than morulae may play an important role in the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis in enzootic areas.

Viral erythrocytic infection in sea bass: virus purification and confirmative diagnosis

The viral erythrocytic infection (VEI) of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) is evidenced by the presence of inclusion bodies in the erythrocytes and erythroblasts. Virus-like particles (VEIV) about 135-150 nm in diameter were observed in erythroblasts of affected fish. No culturable virus could be recovered from the organs and blood of VEI-affected fish, after inoculation of different fish cell lines. Histochemical staining revealed the presence of RNA but not of DNA in the inclusion bodies. Specific, rabbit hyperimmune sera were prepared after extraction and purification by gel chromatography of viral material from pelleted blood cells of infected fish, and evaluated by immunocytochemical assays. Electron microscopic observations revealed the presence of enveloped particles of about 125-150 nm in the antigenic preparation. The antisera specifically reacted to inclusion bodies, cellular membranes and nuclei of VEI-affected erythrocytes in immunofluorescent and peroxidase-antiperoxidase assays. Immunoelectron microscopy in ultrathin sections of head kidney samples from VEI-affected fish showed recognition of inclusion bodies and virus particles. Confirmative diagnostic procedures could be established through the use of specific anti-VEIV sera, which enabled differentiation between similar syndromes described in other fish species.

Freqüência das infecções oculares por clamídia nos portadores de conjuntivite, em clínica particular de Uberaba, MG

780 patients with recurrent conjunctival infections or persistent complaints of itching, burning pain, lacrimation and conjunctival hyperemia were subject to conjunctival smear examination for cytology and the presence of inclusion bodies. Two hundred and forty seven (31.7%) showed cytoplamic inclusions; 235 of them were subject to a direct specific immunofluorescency test with 90 (38.3%) positive results. The importance of the clinical manifestations and laboratory methods (direct immunofluorescence and research cytoplasmic inclusions) were considered. The patients are clients of a private clinic and have a moderate to hightor socioeconomic level.

Cytomegalovirus Pneumonitis in Patients with AIDS: Findings in an Autopsy Series

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis is a common complication of AIDS. With the development of potentially effective drug therapy, the indications for treatment and best means of diagnosis have become issues of practical importance. We reviewed the clinical records and autopsy material from 54 patients dying with AIDS, 39 (72 percent) of whom had CMV infection documented postmortem by culture and the presence of inclusion bodies. Of the patients with CMV infection, disseminated disease was documented in 23 (59 percent) and pneumonitis in 31 (80 percent). Although the majority of patients with CMV pneumonitis had additional forms of pulmonary pathology, CMV was the only causative agent identified in two patients with severe pulmonary disease. Since CMV can cause severe lung damage and disseminated infection in patients with AIDS, specific treatment may be beneficial. Improved diagnostic technology is needed in this area.

Lead-induced inclusion bodies in rat kidney after perinatal treatment with lead and disulfiram

The presence of inclusion bodies in renal proximal tubules was studied in rats exposed to lead and/or disulfiram (tetraethylthiuram disulfide). Pregnant rats were treated with only lead acetate (0.25% Pb in the drinking water), only disulfiram (0.1 mmol/kg p.o. twice a week) or with both lead acetate and disulfiram from day 1 of pregnancy and until the offspring were 4 weeks of age. After parturition the disulfiram was given s.c. directly to the offspring instead of to the dams. Treatment was discontinued at weaning and tissue samples from renal cortex were studied by electron microscopy. In lead-treated dams inclusions were present in nuclei of renal proximal tubule cells in the 3 segments with the highest incidence in the middle segment. Inclusions were also present in the cytoplasm. In the offspring, indirectly exposed to lead via the dams, inclusions were present in all 3 segments. No inclusions were present in control rats or in disulfiram-treated rats. Combined treatment with lead and disulfiram resulted in a marked decrease in the incidence of inclusion bodies both in the dams and in the offspring compared to in rats treated with only lead. Diethyldithiocarbamate, a major metabolite of disulfiram, forms a lipophilic complex with lead, and is known to cause pronounced effects on the tissue distribution of lead. The present investigation shows that lead inclusion bodies are formed in the offspring indirectly exposed to lead via the dams during gestation and lactation. Concurrent exposure to disulfiram reduces the incidence of inclusion bodies in renal proximal tubules, probably due to formation of a lead-dithiocarbamate complex.

Identification of oxidase-positive, glucose-negative, motile species of nonfermentative bacilli.

Motile and glucose-negative nonfermentative bacilli are difficult to identify by commonly used procedures. We found eight features (reduction of nitrate and nitrite, acidification of fructose, and alkalinization of acetamide, arginine, histidine, saccharate, and urea) that identified 83% of 143 strains. These, along with additional biochemical tests, effected identification of 93% of the strains. Hence, only a minority of these strains required examination by microscopy (for type of flagellation and presence of inclusion bodies) for complete identification.

A mouse model for β-thalassemia

A mutation that produces an absolute deficiency of normal β-major globin polypeptides has been recovered from a DBA/2J male mouse. Most mice homozygous for the deficiency survived to adulthood and reproduced but were smaller at birth than their littermates and demonstrated a hypochromic, microcytic anemia with severe anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, and reticulocytosis and the presence of inclusion bodies in a high proportion of circulating erythrocytes. Mice heterozygous for the deficiency demonstrated a mild reticulocytosis but were not clinically anemic. Analysis of globin chain synthesis in vitro by 3H-leucine incorporation revealed that β-globin synthesis was nearly normal (95%) in heterozygotes and about 75% of normal in deficiency homozygotes. Molecular characterization of the mutation by restriction analysis revealed a deletion of about 3.3 kb of DNA, including regulatory sequences and all coding blocks for β-major globin. Based on genetic and hematological criteria, mice homozygous for the mutant allele, designated Hbb th-1, represent the first animal model of β-thalassemia (Cooley's anemia), a severe genetic disease of humans.

The fine structure of local lesions of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in Chenopodium amaranticolor

Local lesions induced by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in Chenopodium amaranticolor were studied with the light and electron microscope. Histochemical staining reactions indicated that starch accumulates in cells beyond the limits of the lesions. These did not contain either suberins or lignins in detectable amounts. Callose was present, limited to necrosing or necrotic tissues but did not seem to occur in the cells of the chlorotic halo, which are physiologically active and contained much virus. Cytopathological modifications of infected cells were characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies located in the cytoplasm and composed of membranous elements (dictyosomal vesicles, endoplasmic reticulum strands), ribosomes and virus particles. Virions Varied gready in length and were never seen in orderly arrays. They were primarily associated with the inclusions. Cell wall modifications, including various types of thickenings and plugging of plasmodesmata, were observed throughout the lesions but their location and frequency was such as not to constitute the main factor for virus localization.

Ultrastructure of pinealocytes of the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus

Fine structural features of pinealocytes of cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) were examined. Golgi complexes, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and polysomes are usual organelles seen in the perikaryonal cytoplasm of pinealocytes. Many non-granulated vesicles (40 to 80 nm in diameter) and a few granulated vesicles (about 100 nm in diameter) are associated with the Golgi cisternae. Occasionally, the cisternae contain granular materials. The perikaryonal cytoplasm of pinealocytes is characterized by the presence of inclusion bodies. These bodies are usually round in shape, not bounded by a limiting membrane and composed of fine granular or filamentous materials of high electron-opacity, which are similar in appearance to the substance seen in the nucleolonema. Pinealocyte processes, filled with abundant non-granulated vesicles and some granulated vesicles, are mainly found within the parenchyma and occasionally in perivascular spaces.

The recognition of viral and chlamydial infection in cervical smears

In the 12 mth ended 30 June 1976, 14,868 cervical smears (from 13,212 patients) were examined in the Cytology Department, King George V Hospital, Sydney. Forty-two smears (1 in 354), from 37 patients, showed features of viral or chlamydial infection. Appearances were considered diagnostic in 21 smears and suggestive of infection in a further 21 smears. Changes were seen which were attributable to herpes virus, the virus of condyloma acuminatum, cytomegalovirus, adenovirus and TRIC agents. Six smears showed changes consistent with infection by virus other than those mentioned. The most characteristic feature of viral and chlamydial infection is the presence of inclusion bodies in endocervical and metaplastic squamous cells. Intranuclear inclusions are seen in herpes (where the cells are often multinucleate), cytomegalovirus and adenovirus infection. These are eosinophilic in herpes and adenovirus and basophilic in cytomegalovirus infection. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions are seen in TRIC agent infection and sometimes in cytomegalovirus infection. Recognition is important for several reasons. Cytologically, changes due to viral and chalmydial infection may be present in association with or may also to some extent simulate precancerous or cancerous changes. Epidemiologists have considered the possibility that a sexually transmitted viral carcinogen is important in the aetiology of cervical cancer. Clinically infection may be asymptomatic or be responsible for severe, even necrotizing, cervicitis. The presence of herpes, cytomegalovirus and TRIC agents in the genital tract in early pregnancy is associated with abortion, prematurity and dysmaturity. Some obstetricians consider the presence of herpes or cytomegalovirus in late pregnancy an indication for caesarean section before membrane rupture in order to prevent serious, and sometimes fatal, infection of the neonate occurring during delivery through an infected birth canal.

Viral Inclusion Bodies in Tracheobronchial Epithelium of Asymptomatic Subjects

During a survey conducted for the cytodiagnosis of early bronchogenic carcinoma, cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies were found sporadically in tracheobronchial smears of asymtomatic patients of both sexes (ages ranging from 18 to 80 years) undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia for surgery. A review of 3,049 cases performed to assess the frequency of occurrence of this phenomenon showed a 1.1 percent incidence in all smears studied. There was no relationship between smoking habit, age, or sex and the presence of inclusion bodies; however, there was a marked seasonal incidence, with 60 percent of inclusion-bearing smears being found during the months of January through March.

Immunogenicity of experimental trachoma vaccines in baboons: I. Experimental methods, and preliminary tests with vaccines prepared in chick embryos and in HeLa cells

Parallel titrations of a strain of trachoma (MRC–221) and one of inclusion conjunctivitis (MRC–4) in the baboon conjunctiva and in chick embryos suggest that ten to twenty 50% egg infective doses are equivalent to one 50% baboon infective dose; but that at least 1000 egg infective doses are needed to induce moderate or severe infections in all of a given number of baboons.For vaccine experiments in baboons, a system of scoring physical signs and presence of inclusion bodies was devised; the significance of differences in vaccinated and control animals in their response to conjunctival challenge was determined by analysis of variance. An aqueous suspension of live MRC–4 grown in the yolk sac was given as two subcutaneous doses and one intravenous dose at weekly intervals, and protected all of six baboons challenged with the homologous strain; three similarly spaced subcutaneous doses were less effective. The immunity induced by this vaccine waned considerably during the ensuing 15 months. Vaccine prepared from a live ‘fast-killing’ variant of MRC–4 grown in HeLa cells was less effective than MRC–4 itself in protecting baboons against infection with the parent strain.Although both yolk sac and HeLa cell vaccines induced the formation of antibody fixing complement with trachoma group antigen, the serum titres in individual animals at the time of challenge were unrelated to the degree of protection; during a 15 month observation period there were pronounced falls in the titres of antibody induced either by vaccination or by challenge with egg-grown TRIC agent.We wish to thank Dr I. Sutherland (M.R.C. Statistical Research Unit) for his helpful advice during the early stages of this work. We are also greatly indebted to Mr P. Avis (Pfizer Ltd.) for his advice and for undertaking the statistical computations; and to Miss Anne Smith and Miss Pay Storey (M.R.C. Trachoma Research Unit) for doing the complement fixation tests.

CONGENITAL ANOMALIES INDUCED IN HAMSTER EMBRYOS WITH H-1 VIRUS.

Intravenous injection of H-1 virus into pregnant hamsters early in gestation produces an embryocidal and teratogenic effect. The congenital malformations, the presence of inclusion bodies in the fetuses, and the fact that the maternal animals are not affected by this virus, are points of similarity to the teratogenic effects of rubella virus and cytomegalic-inclusion disease virus in man.

The influence of phenoxybenzamine and isopropylmethoxamine (BW 61-43) on some cardiovascular, metabolic, and histopathologic effects of norepinephrine infusions in dogs

The effects of intravenous norepinephrine infusion (0.5 mg/kg in two hours) in conscious dogs can be classified according to the influence of pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine (2 or 5 mg/kg intravenously one hour before norepinephrine) or isopropylmethoxamine (BW 61-43) (8 mg/kg intravenously 20 to 30 minutes before infusion). Effects blocked or reduced by phenoxybenzamine, but not by BW 61-43, include the rise in arterial pressure, electrocardiographic changes, accumulation of pericardial fluid rich in lactic dehydrogenase, the rise in hematocrit, presence of inclusion bodies in liver cells, and necrosis of the adrenal cortex. Effects blocked by BW 61-43, but not by phenoxybenzamine, include the rises in plasma FFA and glucose and the accumulation of triglycerides in liver. Both phenoxybenzamine and BW 61-43 block, at least partially, the accumulation of triglycerides in heart. Neither phenoxybenzamine nor BW 61-43 prevents the norepinephrine-induced depletion of glycogen in liver.

The Heinz body hemolytic anemias.

Editorials1 April 1963The Heinz Body Hemolytic AnemiasJAMES H. JANDL, M.D.JAMES H. JANDL, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-58-4-702 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptWith the development of the chemical industry in Germany about a century ago, a prevalent, often severe form of poisoning appeared among workers exposed to certain coal tar derivatives. This consisted of an acute hemolytic process having 2 characteristic features: a brown-to-green discoloration of the blood, creating a form of cyanosis when viewed in the patient; and the presence of inclusion bodies in the red cells that were evident on supravital staining and were called "Heinz bodies" (1). Most such reactions were provoked by aromatic compounds possessing amino, nitro, or hydroxy groups, of which the most notorious were aniline, nitrobenzene,...

Propagation in Tissue Culture of Cytopathic Agents from Patients with Rubella-Like Illness.

SummaryViruses, apparently not heretofore described, have been isolated from the urine or blood of 4 patients with rubella-like illnesses. These agents were serially propagated in primary human amnion cultures and produced unique cytopathic changes characterized by the aggregation of nuclear material and the presence of inclusion bodies. Other attributes demonstrated included: filterability, failure to grow in embryonated eggs or produce disease in newborn mice, lack of hemadsorption or hemagglutination, interference with Sindbis virus, relative stability on storage, and destruction by ether. By inhibition of specific cytopathic activity, low but consistent rises in levels of neutralizing antibody were demonstrated in paired sera from cases of rubella. Moreover, patients from 5 epidemics of rubella, widely separated in time, exhibited serologic evidence of infection with the agents studied. These findings suggest that the viruses herein described may be responsible for a significant proportion of illnesse...