Presence Of Hydrocarbon Deposits Research Articles

Conditions of Sedimentation and Forecast of Gas Content in the Lower Triassic Gas Complex of the Vilyui Hemisineclise

On the territory of the Vilyui hemisyneclise, the presence of hydrocarbon deposits in the Lower Triassic deposits is determined by the presence and distribution of sandy seams of shallow-water genesis - reservoirs for hydrocarbons, as well as marine clay deposits - tires capable of retaining hydrocarbons. Based on the interpretation of the materials of geophysical studies of wells and seismic exploration, a forecast was made for the distribution of sandy layers of the Lower Triassic deposits of the Vilyui hemisineclise containing gaseous hydrocarbons, as well as clay packs of a local and regional nature, which serve as seals for each of the productive layers.

Обґрунтування подвійного використання аерокосмічного геомоніторингу морського шельфу для пошуку покладів вуглеводнів і «освітлення» морської обстановки

Hydrophysical processes in the surface water layer over the hydrocarbon deposits or moving submerged objects that form its hydrothermodynamic regime are very similar. The purpose of this work is to justify the dual-use of the aerospace geomonitoring methodology of the marine shelf using the relevant informative features, in particular, by highlighting the state of the water area showing zones of temperature anomalies of various origin in the marine shelf to search for hydrocarbon deposits and to control the unauthorized moving submerged objects access. As a result of the retrospective analysis and processing of archive materials of the process of formation of temperature anomalies of natural and technogenic origin, several dozens of different Haralik parameters were checked. The five most informative of them were selected for further use: Contrast, Sum Variance, Sum Entropy, Entropy, Difference Entropy. To achieve these goals, studies were carried out in three stages. Firstly, the temperature anomalies of natural origin on the sea surface, which occur in the presence of hydrocarbon deposits, were obtained using a spacecraft. Secondly, the temperature anomalies of the technogenic origin, which are created by mobile submerged objects in the aquatic environment, were obtained. The above was carried out based on data obtained during a model experiment in the research pool. Thirdly, archived data of changes in the temperature of the water surface in the infrared region of the spectrum after the passage of moving submersible objects were processed. Data were obtained on the sea surface using recording equipment, which was placed on the platform. As a result of the studies, informative signs of temperature anomalies that are different from the background were determined and, compared with the latter, are determined from a satellite image. This confirms the possibility of dual-use of the methodology of aerospace geomonitoring of the sea shelf.

Аномалии водородного показателя в донных осадках шельфа Черного моря как признак наличия углеводородных залежей

Аномалии водородного показателя в донных осадках шельфа Черного моря как признак наличия углеводородных залежей

Result of modeling temperature anomalies on the water surface of the research basin of the institute of hydromechanics NAS of Ukraine

The results of the research and physical modeling of temperature anomalies of natural or man-made origin on the water surface are presented. The information for the research was obtained from the experimental basin of the Institute of Hydromechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine from the self-propelled model as the generator of hydrodynamic processes. The information obtained after image processing allowed to significantly expand the existing ideas about the mechanism of formation of anomalies on the open surface with the hydrodynamic disturbances from hydrocarbon deposits and moving submerged object. The interaction of the emerging hydrodynamic disturbances with the near-surface water layer and the occurrence of unmasking temperature anomalies on the open sea surface have a lot in common between the hydrocarbon deposits and the moving submerged object. The application of the difference of the above structural and textural parameters by calculating the value of "entropy" has been proposed as the informative feature for decoding the images of the water surface with the presence of hydrocarbon deposits or moving immersed objects. The decoding of temperature anomalies consists of two stages: learning and proper decoding. The first stage is the supervised learning, during which the system is being researched using the existing set of images, in which only the background and no hydrocarbon deposits or moving submerged object. Training is carried out in order to determine the signs of belonging to the background or hydrocarbon deposits, moving submerged object. It was determined that the background has minimal entropy values, and with the appearance of an anomaly, the entropy grows to the maximum value, after which, as the temperature trace dissipates, it begins to fall to background values. This confirms the informativity of the entropy feature for decoding the optical anomalies of man-made and natural origin on the sea surface from aerial photos.

Association between magnetic susceptibilities and hydrocarbon deposits in the Barinas-Apure Basin, Venezuela

We have measured the magnetic susceptibility of 5425 drill cuttings, coming from 20 oil wells distributed in eight fields of the Petroliferous Barinas-Apure Basin (Barinas, Venezuela), seeking evidence of magnetic anomalies associated with the presence of hydrocarbon deposits. The rock samples are located between the near earth’s surface and the basement’s top (approximately 4000 m). In the magnetic susceptibility profiles, we observed high magnetic susceptibilities at the top of the sedimentary units corresponding to reservoir and source rocks of oil-producing wells, whereas in the case of nonproducing wells we observed low magnetic susceptibilities. A basic statistical analysis of the magnetic susceptibility measurements shows a significant difference between the mean values across producing and nonproducing wells at the correspondent oil-related formations, with a ratio of [Formula: see text] of producing to nonproducing wells. In the producing wells, we have found a relation between the magnitudes of the magnetic susceptibility and the age of the formation; the larger the magnetic susceptibility, the younger the geological stratum. The age and depth of the formations where the cuts were obtained exclude the presence of cultural (human origin) contamination of the samples, suggesting the evidence of authigenic origin of the magnetic minerals due to the reductive effect of hydrocarbons in rocks.

The Political Economy of Secessionism: Inequality, Identity and the State

The econometric study of civil war is increasing recognized to suffer from problems of 'over-aggregation'. As such, there is a high risk of estimation biases, ecological fallacies, and endogeneity problems. In this paper, I seek to contribute to the disaggregation of the study of civil war by focusing on the socio-economic dynamics of secessionist conflict as an identifiably distinct subset of 'civil wars', and by using a new subnational dataset compiled for this purpose. I test a series of hypotheses relating to the socio-economic conditions that encourage secessionism and political institutions that might mediate it. In contrast to the mainstream literature on civil war, I find a very strong predictive role for a measure of ethnic diversity in accounting for the incidence of secession. I also find a relatively straightforward set of socio-economic relationships. The relationship between relative socio-economic performance and conflict incidence is non-linear: regions that suffer from high 'horizontal inequalities' - whether relatively poor or relatively rich - in relation to the rest of the country are more prone to secessionism. The presence of hydrocarbon deposits also dramatically increases the likelihood of secessionism. But the institutional story is more complex and contingent upon interaction effect with the degree of ethnic diversity and the level of horizontal inequality.