Presence Of Gingival Recession Research Articles

Prevalence and risk indicators of buccal gingival recessions in a Moroccan periodontitis patients: A retrospective study

BackgroundThis study investigates the prevalence, distribution and risk indicators of buccal gingival recessions (GRs) in periodontitis patients. MethodsA retrospective examination of 400 periodontitis patients files was performed using an operating sheet. Univariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk indicators of GRs. Multivariate regression analysis was conducted for selected variables with p < 0.05. Results354/400 (88.5 %) patients have at least one GR ≥ 1 mm. The prevalence of recession type (RT) at the patient level was 0.5 %, 2.25 % and 85.75 % for RT1, RT2 and RT3 respectively. Lower incisors are the most affected teeth (79.8 %). Upper canines present the lowest frequency (41.8 %). The univariate logistic regression showed that age (SE = 0.021; 95 % CI 1.01–1.10; p = 0.006), plaque index (SE = 0.50; 95 % CI 1.49–10.50; p = 0.006), level of plaque control (SE = 0.529; 95 % CI 0.90–0.72; p = 0.010) and periodontitis stage (SE = 0.41; 95 % CI 1.41–7.07; p = 0.005) were significantly associated with the presence of GR. In the multivariate regression model, significant results were confirmed only for age (SE = 0.021; 95 % CI 1.02–1.17; p = 0.006) and periodontitis stage (SE = 0.41; 95 % CI 1.35–6.75; p = 0.007). ConclusionThe cross-sectional study showed a high prevalence of GRs. Lower incisors were the most affected teeth. Most patients have GRs with advanced interproximal attachment loss (RT3 GRs). Age, plaque index, level of plaque control and periodontitis stage resulted as risk indicators of GRs.

Lower incisor inclination and thickness of the alveolar process and mandibular symphysis in the development of gingival recession: A retrospective cohort study

IntroductionRetrospective studies have found conflicting results regarding the relationship between lower incisor inclination and the development of gingival recession (GR) after orthodontic treatment. ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between lower incisor inclination and alveolar process (AP) and mandibular symphysis (MS) thickness in the development of GR. Materials and MethodsFrontal intraoral photography and cephalometric radiography were conducted before (T0) and after (T1) orthodontic treatment of 62 subjects. The presence of GR was considered when the cementoenamel junction was visible in the lower incisor on the frontal intraoral photograph.The circumstances for improvement, stability, and worsening of the gingival situation were based on the reduction, maintenance, and increase in the number of lower incisors with GR before and after treatment. To measure the incisor-mandibular plane angle (IMPA) andthe thickness of the AP and the MS were used the cephalometric radiographs. ResultsMen had a significantly thicker MS than women at T0 and T1 (p < 0.0004).There was a significant reduction of approximately 10% in AP between T0 and T1 (p < 0.0001).Among subjects without GR at T0, 70.4% presented a stable gingival situation at T1. For subjects with 1 lower incisor with GR at T0, 50% showed improvement in the gingival situation at T1, 21.4% remained stable, and 28.6% experienced worsening.Sixteen lateral incisors presented a worsening gingival situation, representing an increase of 129% compared to the central incisors. ConclusionNo relationship was found between lower incisor inclination and the thickness of the AP and MS in the development of GR.

Prevalence and risk indicators of gingival recessions in Erbil city: a cross-sectional study

Background and objectives: Gingival recession is the migration of the gingival margin toward the apex, causing root exposure. It may affect one (local) or a group of teeth (generalized), affects individuals in all ages. The prevalence of gingival recession is high worldwide. Gingival recession gives rise to numerous problems, like functional and aesthetic concerns to psychological problems. Objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of gingival recession and risk factors in Erbil province. Methods: This cross sectional-study carried out on 989 patients that visited Khanzad Teaching Center for oral health in Erbil city. All participants were evaluated by filling in questionnaires form with a clinical examination by single examiner. Results: Among 989 participants, 70.4% were females and 29.6% were males with mean age of 34.86 ± 10.63 years. Gingival recession seen in about 93.6% of participants. Significant association was detected between educational level and age with gingival recession, but this was not consistent throughout the educational categories as it was (41.7%) in post-graduate, (12%) in college graduate, and (28.8%) in illiterate. No significant association was detected between gingival recession with gender and ethnic group (p = 0.183, and p = 0.327). The risk factors mostly associated with recession were plaque index, periodontal diseases, frenul pull, tooth position, age. Conclusions: Almost all of the examined participants demonstrated gingival recession. Many significant risk factors (Poor oral hygiene, inflammation, trauma, anatomical, tooth malposition) are associated with the presence of gingival recession.

Do oral piercings cause problems in the mouth?

Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise the current evidence for the association of oral piercings with oral complications.Data sources Research published before January 2022 was identified from the Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and OpenGrey databases. Experts in the field were approached via email to request access to relevant ongoing studies and unpublished results.Study design Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility of studies based on the predefined inclusion criteria. Where the outcome was unclear, a third reviewer was consulted to reach consensus. Using the Joanne Briggs institute criteria for critical appraisal, 15 studies achieved good methodological quality.Meta-analysis was conducted to determine the event rate of gingival recession and damage to teeth in participants with oral piercings and to determine odds ratios of these outcomes in participants with oral piercings compared to those without.Results In total, 54 studies published between 2000-2021 met the inclusion criteria, providing a total sample of 27,963 piercings covering various anatomical sites: tongue (39 studies), lip (29 studies) and other sites, such as oral frenula or cheek (11 studies).Meta-analysis showed that there was a 34% prevalence of dental fracture (DF) in participants with oral piercings and this was 34% for tooth wear, 33% for gingival recession (GR), 27% for non-specified dental damage and 22% for tooth chipping. A significant association was found between oral piercings and the presence of GR and DF, with a seven-fold and three-fold increased risk, respectively, when an oral piercing was present. Reporting bias was not observed and evidence certainty for these outcomes was low.Conclusions The presence of oral piercings is associated with an increased risk of gingival recession and dental fracture.

The Radiographic Assessment of Furcation Area in Maxillary and Mandibular First Molars while Considering the New Classification of Periodontal Disease.

This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic reliability in the diagnosis of furcation involvement in first molars. A total of 52 subjects were included in the current study. Personal history regarding smoking was recorded and a periodontal examination was performed. Pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession, and furcation involvement in all first molars were assessed for each patient. Periodontal staging and grading were evaluated using the new classification of periodontal disease. Class II and Class III furcation classification were more frequently observed in radiographs than the Class I furcation; however, no significant differences were observed. Radiographic observation of the furcation was seen more when PD and CAL were >5 mm in all molars. The presence of gingival recession and its relation to the radiographic assessment did not reveal any statistically significant association (p > 0.05) except for tooth #16. The trend of visibility of furcation radiographically was more as the grade of staging was increased. Moreover, the presence of smoking habits and visibility of furcation radiographically did not have any statistical significance. Smoking may not be a factor in the furcation involvement. There is a direct relationship between the staging and grading of the periodontitis and furcation involvement.

PERIODONTAL STATUS OF INSTITUTIONALIZED ELDERLY

Impaired general health in institutionalized elderly has an impact on oral health and dental status, especially on periodontal health and oral hygiene. The periodontal health of institutionalized elderly people is influenced by a number of other factors such as: multimorbidity, dependence in maintaining oral hygiene, limited abilities and mobility and the use of numerous medications. Progression of periodontal disease is characterized by the presence of increased destruction of periodontal tissues. The destruction of periodontal tissues is seen through the presence and increased clinical loss of the attachment, but also through the presence of gingival recession and resorption of the alveolar bone. The most common form of periodontal disease in older adults is chronic periodontitis. Due to the chronicity of this disease, most of the detected periodontal disorders are due to the accumulation of the disease over time. The interaction of the highly prevalent xerostomia and the inability to maintain oral hygiene at a satisfactory level in institutionalized elderly leads to an increased incidence of dental plaque. Due to that, the elderly have an increased risk of manifesting dental caries and periodontal diseases. Taking into account the aforementioned facts about oral health, the presence of numerous dental and oral problems, as well as the increased health needs and impaired health in institutionalized elderly people, the aim of this paper was to assess periodontal health among institutionalized elderly people over 65 years of age. Assessment of periodontal status among institutionalized elderly was done by using the Ramfjord Periodontal Disease Index. The research was conducted in the period from April to July 2018 in the Department “Mother Teresa”, part from the Gerontological Institute “Thirteenth November” - Skopje. It included a total number of 75 people over the age of 65 who were accommodated in the department and gave their consent to participate in the research. The dental clinical examination was performed in the long-term care institution, in the office or in the rooms of the institutionalized elderly or in a room determined for that purpose. The examination of the subjects was performed on a patient sitting on a chair, lying in bed or placed in a wheelchair. For the examination a dental probe, a dental mirror and disposable gloves and a portable lamp for artificial illumination were used. The average number of present (remaining) teeth in the respondents was 5.81± 7.34 (range 0-24, with Confidence interval from 4.09 to 5.52).The mean value of the simplified OHI Green Vermilion index obtained for the presence of dental plaque was 2.33 ± 0.51 (range from 1.33 to 3.00, with Confidence interval from 2.15 to 2.51). The average value for the Ramfjord index (for assessment of periodontal health) was 4.57 ± 0.74 (range 2.5 to 6.00, with Confidence interval 4.33 to 4.82). Most of the subjects after the appropriate analysis had moderately advanced periodontitis (68.42% of the subjects). Based on the obtained data and subsequent analysis of the results we had found high percentage of people with unsatisfactory oral hygiene and high prevalence of periodontal disease.

Perceptions of NZ orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients.

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and opinions of orthodontists and periodontists on the management of gingival recession in orthodontic patients. An online survey was sent to 29 periodontists and 80 orthodontists registered and currently practising in New Zealand. All participants answered questions about the timing and clinical indications of mucogingival surgeries in orthodontic patients diagnosed with mucogingival deformities. Most periodontists and orthodontists believed that gingival grafts should ideally be performed after orthodontic treatment. In clinical practice, 40% of periodontists indicated that they would receive referrals after completion of orthodontic treatment. However, 29.6% of orthodontists indicated that they would refer to a periodontist before orthodontic treatment in clinical practice. The most crucial factor that affected periodontists' decision-making was 'evidence-based guidelines' (35.0%), followed by 'clinical experience' (30.0%) and 'patient concerns' (15.0%). All four factors of 'gingival phenotype', 'presence of gingival recession', 'amount of keratinised tissue' and 'planning specific tooth movements' were equally considered by orthodontists regarding their decision-making. The majority of the surveyed New Zealand periodontists and orthodontists expressed a belief that the ideal timing for the management of gingival recessions would be after the completion of orthodontic treatment.

Clinical benefits and adverse effects of siwak (S. persica) use on periodontal health: a scoping review of literature

BackgroundSiwak is a chewing stick used as an oral hygiene aid associated with Muslim communities across the globe since more than 1500 years ago. Used either exclusively or in conjunction with a regular toothbrush, there is evidence supporting its clinical effectiveness in plaque control, but adverse effects on periodontal health remains inconclusive.ObjectiveThis study aims to systematically review the wide range of data and literatures related to siwak practice and its effect on periodontal health.MethodThe review was conducted based on scoping review techniques, searching literature in EBSCOHOST, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google scholar databases using the following search terms: “siwak’ or ‘miswak’ or ‘chewing stick” for intervention, and “periodontium or ‘periodontal’ or ‘periodontal health’ or ‘periodontal disease” for outcome. Articles published between January 1990 to March 2021 and written in English language were included.ResultsA total of 721 articles collected from the search and 21 of them were eligible for the final analysis. Results of this study was described based on clinical and antibacterial reporting of siwak, method of siwak practice and its adverse effect on oral health. Siwak was found effective at removing dental plaque and improving periodontal health over time although its effect on subgingival microbiota was inconclusive. Presence of gingival recession and clinical attachment loss were much more commonly reported in siwak users, attributable to variations in the methods employed for tooth cleaning using the siwak.ConclusionThere is substantial evidence that the lack of standardised reporting for effective siwak use may have resulted in contradictory findings about its oral hygiene benefits and adverse effects. As such, future work on safe and effective siwak practice is to be advocated among its users.

Incidence of Malocclusion among Young Patients with Gingival Recessions-A Cross-Sectional Observational Pilot Study.

Background and Objectives: Dental occlusion and gingival recession have been studied over the past years especially because of the increasing incidence of occlusal interferences in young patients. The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate any association between occlusal dysfunctions and gingival recessions. Data on gingival phenotype and previous orthodontic treatment were also collected to assess any correlation with the presence of gingival recession. Materials and Methods: Forty systemically healthy subjects, without signs of periodontitis and with gingival recessions, were included in the study. The following parameters were determined: location and extent of the gingival recession, gingival phenotype and functional occlusion by means of observing and registering the occlusal contacts in maximum intercuspation position, protrusive and lateral guidance. Results: Premolars were mostly affected in cases of working-side interferences during lateral guidance (71.19% of the affected teeth during left and 75% during right mandibular movements). The chi-squared exact test applied for the analysis of contingency tables revealed statistically significant associations between excursive interferences during lateral guidance and anterior guidance and the presence of gingival recession on the involved group of teeth. Conclusions: The results suggest that most gingival recessions might be associated with working-side interferences, the highest number of gingival recessions being associated with active interferences during lateral guidance.

Multilevel analysis of site, implant, and patient-level factors with peri-implant bleeding on probing: a cross sectional study

AimThis study was to evaluate the association between peri-implant bleeding on probing in peri-implant diseases and its association with multilevel factors (site specific factors, implant factors, and patient level factors).MethodologyA cross-sectional study involved consented adult patients with ≥ 1 dental implant. Two calibrated operators examined the patients. BoP was outcome variable and peri-implant gingival biotype was principal predictor variable. The effects of site, implant, and patient level factors on BoP were assessed using a multilevel logistic regression model.ResultsEighty patients for a total of 119 implants and 714 sites were included in the study. Bleeding on probing was observed in 42 implants (35.29%) with a significant higher risk observed in presence of gingival recession, thin peri-implant gingival biotype, duration of implant placement, smokers, and male patients.ConclusionPeri-implant bleeding on probing was associated with site specific, implant, and patient level factors.

Application of an active oxygen (blue®m) with free connective graft technique for root coverage – a case report

Gingival recession occurs due to the migration of the gingiva in the apical direction, leading to compromising local aesthetics and root hypersensitivity. Connective tissue graft is the gold standard treatment in these cases improving both functional and aesthetics aspects.The purpose of this case is to report root coverage using the free connective tissue graftingtechnique (CTG) associated with topical application of active oxygen oral gel and mouthwash (blue®m). A 27-year-old female sought care with the main complaint of root hypersensitivity and the presence of gingival recession in the anterior region of the mandible. Clinical examination revealed the presence of type 1 gingival recession in the left mandibular central incisor. The treatment of choice was a modified graft (free connective graft). The graft and recipient bed received applications of blue®m oral gel. The patient was instructed to use blue®m mouthwash and blue®m oral gel after the surgery for 10 days. At 60 days, the patient showed satisfactory healing in the area of the free CTG, with gain of keratinized tissue and partial covering of the gingival recession. Free CTG with the support of the gel and the mouthwash with active oxygen release makes the technique viable, preventing graft necrosis and achieving root coverage and keratinized tissue.

Prevalence of non-carious cervical lesions and cervical dentinary hypersensitivity in undergraduate students

Abstract Introduction The non-carious cervical lesion (NCCL) is currently a common oral disease. Objective This observational and descriptive study aimed to assess risk factors associated with non-carious cervical lesions, cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH), gingival recession (GR) and the relationship between these conditions in students in the last years of undergraduate dentistry. Material and method One hundred eighty-five dentistry students from a private college in Ceará with an average of 22.7 ± 2.3 years participated by filling out a google docs form. Two calibrated examiners performed the exams to verify the presence of NCCL, CDH and RG. Result The presence of NCCL was 22.7%, GR was 48.1% and cervical dentin hypersensitivity 8.6%. The chi-square test with p &lt; 0.05% verified a correlation between the presence of NCCL and the presence of GR and CDH. 25% of students had NCCL and 14% considered themselves stressed. There was no association between the variables bruxism and stress (p=0.529), bruxism and year of graduation course (p=0.716), as well as no association between stress and year of course (p = 0.397) was observed. There were no correlations between NCCL and bruxism, muscle symptoms, parafunctional habits and temporomandibular dysfunction. 10.8% of students who reported using legal and illegal drugs had NCCL. Conclusion The NCCL, GR and CDH were correlated in the group of students in the last two years of an undergraduate dentistry course in Ceará.

Prevalence of Dentine Hypersensitivity among Adult Dental Patients in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania

Objective: To assess the prevalence of dentine hypersensitivity (DH) among adult patient’s attending public dental clinics in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. Material and methods: This hospital based cross-sectional study assessed adults aged 18 years and above who attended public dental clinics in Dar-es-salaam, Tanzania. Prevalence of DH was clinically assessed in relation to age, sex, tooth type, presence of tooth wear (TW) and gingival recession (GR). Analysis of data used the SPSS program with level of statistical significance set at p<0.05. Result: The 323 participant’s age ranged between 18 and 72 years. Majority of participants were in age group 18 to 30 years (33.7%) and females (52.9%). The prevalence of clinically diagnosed DH was 46.4% (n=150) which had a similar prevalence to tooth wear (46.4%) and gingival recession (45.5%). DH statistically significantly increased with age, presence of tooth wear and presence of gingival recession (p<0.05). Teeth most diagnosed with DH were the first molars in the lower jaw (63.5%). Participants without tooth wear (OR=0.137; 95% CI 0.07 - 0.24) or gingival recession (OR=0.161; 95% CI 0.09 - 0.28) are less likely to have clinically diagnosed DH. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that prevalence of clinically diagnosed DH among subjects was common (46.4%) with first molars in lower jaw being most affected (63.5%). DH had a statistically significant increase with age, tooth wear and gingival recession however, logistic regression indicated that those without tooth wear or gingival recession were less likely to have DH.

The association between gingival recession and buccal bone at maxillary anterior teeth.

Gingival recession and a thin or absent buccal plate occur frequently at maxillary anterior teeth and necessitate careful treatment planning to prevent future complications. However, the association between these two conditions is unclear and the ability of gingival recession to predict underlying buccal bone deficiencies is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to use clinical and radiographic data to test this association and determine the influence of demographic and clinical parameters on both conditions. This investigation comprised a single-center, retrospective study. Data were derived from periodontal examinations performed on 66 adult subjects. Corresponding cone-beam computed tomography images were used to measure the width of buccal bone at two points along the root surface and the distance between the bone crest and cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). Results were then analyzed to determine the association between the presence of gingival recession and the condition of radiographic buccal bone, as well as the relative contribution of demographic parameters and other clinical findings to gingival recession and buccal bone conditions. Gingival recession was present at 32.9% of maxillary anterior teeth and was most common at canines, followed by lateral incisors and central incisors. Mean buccal bone widths were significantly less, and the distance between the CEJ and bone crest was significantly greater for teeth with recession. Accordingly, gingival recession was a significant predictor for buccal bone thickness<1 mm at the level of 4 mm apical to the CEJ (odds ratio 2.733, 95% confidence interval 1.644 to 4.543, P<0.0001). Probing depths were related to the presence or absence of gingival recession, while patient sex, age, and the apico-coronal height of the gingiva were related to buccal bone thickness. Within the limitations of this study, maxillary anterior teeth with pre-existing gingival recession were more likely to have thin (<1 mm) buccal bone.

Assessment of the effects of selected risk factors on the presence of gingival recession of incisors and canines in the mandible – a survey

In dental practice, gingival recession is a common problem among patients. Root surface exposure predisposes to the development of caries, dentin hypersensitivity, and it deteriorates the aesthetics of the smile. The aetiology of gingival recession is multifactorial. Its formation may be affected by anatomical conditions, behavioural factors, as well as iatrogenic errors. &lt;b&gt;Aim.&lt;/b&gt; To assess the correlation between selected behavioural risk factors and the presence of gingival recession of incisors and canines in the mandible. &lt;b&gt;Material and methods.&lt;/b&gt; A survey and clinical examination were conducted in 35 patients of both sexes. The survey was focused on risk factors of gingival recession depending on the patient, and the clinical examination assessed the presence of gingival recession (GR), dental plaque (DP) and bleeding on probing (BoP) for 210 teeth. The correlation between the occurrence of gingival recession and DP, BoP and behavioural factors was studied. A statistical analysis was performed in Statistica 13, the Spearman’s test was used to assess the correlation with the significance level of 0.05. &lt;b&gt;Results.&lt;/b&gt; Gingival recession was observed for 44 teeth (21.05%). A positive correlation was found between gingival recession and the patient's age and the tooth brushing technique (horizontal movements). Circular movements of a toothbrush while tooth brushing correlated negatively with gingival recession. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/b&gt; Gingival recession near incisors and canines exacerbates with the patient’s age and depends on the tooth brushing technique – horizontal movements favour recession, while circular movements favour maintaining the proper level of the gingivae.

Early postoperative healing following guided tissue regeneration in aggressive periodontitis patients.

In order to regenerate periodontal tissues, necessary conditions for this process must be created during surgery, primarily by allowing uninfected adhesion of the clot to the root surface, and then its stable position in the defect. The aim of this secondary analysis was to evaluate early postoperative healing of papillary incisions and its correlations with patient-, siteand technique-related factors following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in treatment of intrabony defects in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The analysis included the data from 25 patients and 59 treatment sites. Surgical treatment consisted of using grafts together with collagen membranes. Post-operative healing was assessed 1 week and 2 weeks after GTR using the Early Wound-Healing Index (EHI). Early Wound-Healing Index values ranged from 1 (complete flap closure and primary healing) to 4 (incomplete flap closure, partial tissue necrosis, secondary healing). After 1 week, primary healing (EHI ≤ 3) was observed in 55 sites, and secondary healing (EHI = 4) in 4 sites. After 2 weeks, the values were 45 and 14, respectively. No correlations between EHI and patient-related factors were found. However, 1-rooted teeth, sites with thin phenotype and the presence of gingival recessions were associated with impaired healing (higher EHI recordings and secondary healing), as was analyzed in a multiple regression model. Site-related factors may impinge on the early postoperative healing of papillary incisions succeeding GTR in AgP patients.

Predisposing Factors and Pattern of Gingival Recession Among the Patients Attending the Periodontal Department at Dhaka Dental College: An Observational Study

Background: Gingival recession is defined as the displacement of the gingival margin apical to cemento-enamel junction leading to exposure of the root’s surfaces of the teeth. Thus, it creates an aesthetic problem as well as hypersensitivity of the tooth and roots caries. Objectives of this study were to explore the distributions, the severity and contributory factors of the gingival recession. Materials and methods: In this study, we studied 60 patients aged between 14 to 70 years of both sex. The presence of gingival recessions were recorded using Miller`s classification of gingival recession. Chi- square test and Students paired t-test was done to assess the association between dependent and independent variables. Results: In this study, the most frequent gingival recession was found within the age group 20-30. Higher frequency of gingival recession was seen in male (68.33%) compared to female (31.67%). Again, Miller’s class one was the most frequent recession. As a whole, anterior teeth (38%) showed more recession than premolars (25%) and molars (37%) respectively. Plaque accumulation (85%) was found as the most contributory factor for gingival recession. Length of gum recession, before and after scaling, not extending beyond the mucogingival margin were statistically correlated and found significant. Conclusion: The information found in this study would probably help in adopting long term strategies to prevent the occurrence of gingival recession.&#x0D; JCMCTA 2018 ; 29 (1) : 63-67

Tooth wear and gingival recession in 210 orthodontically treated patients: a retrospective cohort study.

To assess the association between tooth wear (TW) and gingival recession (GR). Two hundred and ten orthodontically treated participants (100 males) were evaluated. GR and TW were rated independently by four raters on plaster models at four time points: before treatment (T1), mean age 13.8 years (SD = 3.7); after treatment (T2), mean age 16.7 years (SD = 3.9); 3 years after treatment (T3), mean age 19.7 years (SD = 4.2); and 7 years after treatment (T4), mean age 23.9 years (SD = 4.8). Univariable and mulitvariable random effects logistic regression analyses were performed with scores for GR as dependent variables and with TW, age, gender, dental segments (maxillary and mandibular anterior and posterior segments), time points, and Angle classification as independent variables. Method reliability was assessed with kappa statistics. Mandibular incisors, mandibular and maxillary first premolars and maxillary first molars were most vulnerable to GR. The prevalence of GR increased during the observation period. At T1 20.5% participants had one or more recession sites, at T4 85.7 % of the participants had at least one GR. There was evidence of association between moderate/severe TW and GR-for a tooth with moderate/severe wear, the odds of recession were 23% higher compared to a tooth with no/mild wear (odds ratio 1.23; 95% CI: 1.08-1.40; P = 0.002). Age, dental segment, and time were also significant recession predictors, whereas gender was not. There is evidence that moderate/severe TW is associated with the presence of gingival recession. Clinical significance of this can be limited.

Orthodontic dental movement and its association with the presence of gingival recession

The objective of the present study was to determine association between orthodontic movement type and gingival recession after orthodontic treatment. Material and methods: A series of clinical cases of 15 young patients. Circumstances of the protective periodontium of anterior upper and lower teeth were assessed before and after orthodontic treatment. Gingival recession type was assessed with Miller’s classification, orthodontic movement type was classified into: vestibular inclination, protrusion, retrusion, intrusion, extrusion and combined movements. Results: Out of 180 teeth examined, 22.2% exhibited Miller class I gingival recession; 27.5% of all gingival recessions were associated to vestibular inclination movements. No association was found between type of orthodontic movement and presence of gingival recession (p &gt; 0.05). Conclusion: The amount of postoperative gingival recessions observed after orthodontic treatment was negligible and did not show association with orthodontic movement type.

Correlation between parodontal indexes and orthodontic retainers: prospective study in a group of 16 patients.

Fixed retainers are used to stabilize dental elements after orthodontic treatment. Being it a permanent treatment, it is necessary to instruct patients about a constant and continuous monitoring of their periodontal conditions and a correct oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to highlight the possible adverse effects of bonded retainers on parameters correlated to the health conditions of periodontal tissues. We selected 16 patients, under treatment in the Orthodontics Department of University of Bari Dental School, who had undergone a lingual retainer insertion at the end of the orthodontic treatment. The patients were then divided into two groups (Control Group and Study Group) and monitored for 3 and 36 months, respectively. The following indexes were taken into consideration: gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI) and the presence of calculus (Calculus Index, CI), the probing depth and the presence of gingival recession on the six inferior frontal dental elements. After the observation was carried out, any of the patients showed periodontal sockets and gingival recession. In the Study Group, only 1 patient had a PI score=3, the 7 left had scores between 0.66 and 2.83. In the Control Group, one patient had score=0, the other ones showed values between 0.5 and 1.66. The mean GI in the Study Group peaked at a score of 2.83, the minimum was 0.66; whereas in the Control Group the maximum value was 2 and the minimum 0.66. The CI in the Group Study was between 1 and 2. In the Control Group it was absent in only 1 patient, whereas in the remaining 7, it had a value between 0.3 and 1. The clinical data were studied by means of the Wilcoxon test. We found a statistically significant difference for what concerns the Plaque Indexes (PI) (P>0.05) and Calculus Indexes (CI) (P>0.1) in both groups, with higher scores in the Study Group, having retainers for 36 months. Any statistically significant difference was calculated for the GI. We can therefore conclude that patients with lingual retainers need periodontal hygiene and treatment as to prevent, in the course of time, periodontal damages non-detectable in short-term.