Prevalence and risk indicators of gingival recessions in Erbil city: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background and objectives: Gingival recession is the migration of the gingival margin toward the apex, causing root exposure. It may affect one (local) or a group of teeth (generalized), affects individuals in all ages. The prevalence of gingival recession is high worldwide. Gingival recession gives rise to numerous problems, like functional and aesthetic concerns to psychological problems. Objective of the study was to estimate prevalence of gingival recession and risk factors in Erbil province. Methods: This cross sectional-study carried out on 989 patients that visited Khanzad Teaching Center for oral health in Erbil city. All participants were evaluated by filling in questionnaires form with a clinical examination by single examiner. Results: Among 989 participants, 70.4% were females and 29.6% were males with mean age of 34.86 ± 10.63 years. Gingival recession seen in about 93.6% of participants. Significant association was detected between educational level and age with gingival recession, but this was not consistent throughout the educational categories as it was (41.7%) in post-graduate, (12%) in college graduate, and (28.8%) in illiterate. No significant association was detected between gingival recession with gender and ethnic group (p = 0.183, and p = 0.327). The risk factors mostly associated with recession were plaque index, periodontal diseases, frenul pull, tooth position, age. Conclusions: Almost all of the examined participants demonstrated gingival recession. Many significant risk factors (Poor oral hygiene, inflammation, trauma, anatomical, tooth malposition) are associated with the presence of gingival recession.