Presence Of Gaseous Species Research Articles

Arctic Ocean’s wintertime mercury concentrations limited by seasonal loss on the shelf

High biota mercury levels are persisting in the Arctic, threatening ecosystem and human health. The Arctic Ocean receives large pulsed mercury inputs from rivers and the atmosphere. Yet the fate of those inputs and possible seasonal variability of mercury in the Arctic Ocean remain uncertain. Until now, seawater observations were possible only during summer and fall. Here we report polar night mercury seawater observations on a gradient from the shelf into the Arctic Ocean. We observed lower and less variable total mercury concentrations during the polar night (winter, 0.46 ± 0.07 pmol l−1) compared with summer (0.63 ± 0.19 pmol l−1) and no substantial changes in methylmercury concentrations (summer, 0.11 ± 0.03 pmol l−1 and winter, 0.12 ± 0.04 pmol l−1). Seasonal changes were estimated by calculating the difference in the integrated mercury pools. We estimate losses of inorganic mercury of 208 ± 41 pmol m−2 d−1 on the shelf driven by seasonal particle scavenging. Persistent methylmercury concentrations (−1 ± 16 pmol m−2 d−1) are probably driven by a lower affinity for particles and the presence of gaseous species. Our results update the current understanding of Arctic mercury cycling and require budgets and models to be reevaluated with a seasonal aspect.

Electrodeposition of NiP amorphous alloys. A multilayer structure

The mechanism of NiP alloy electrodeposition was studied by linear-sweep voltammetry. The formation of two NiP alloys was evidenced by the anodic dissolution, which exhibited two peaks. The voltammogram indicated the presence of gaseous species, mostly hydrogen, trapped in the deposit. The occluded hydrogen was highlighted by other electrochemical transient methods. Bulk deposits were prepared and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. SEM confirms the layered structure of the deposit.