Presence Of Free Acid Research Articles

Fehling. - Weitere Beiträge zur Lehre von der Osteomalakie. (Arch. F. Gyn., Bd. XLVIII, Hft. 3). More to the doctrine of osteomalacia

Review the results of his own observations, as well as the literature of the last years, F. in the following way draws us the state of the issue of osteomalacia. Bone softening is not a disease inherent exclusively to the pelvic bones; in difficult cases, the bones of the spine, thighs, thorax, even the upper limbs and the skull are also affected. In essence, osteomalacia is an inflammatory disease: the decay of bone tissue takes over growth. What determines the dissolution of calcium salts remains unclear: the hypothesis of the presence of free acid in the tissues of the bone marrow is hardly probable.

Unprecedented Selective Aminolysis: Aminopropyl Phosphine as a Building Block for a New Family of Air Stable Mono-, Bis-, and Tris-Primary Phosphines

A serious impediment to using primary and secondary phosphines as general-purpose reagents to develop new chemistry is associated with their unpleasant pyrophoric nature and extreme hydrolytic, thermal, and oxidative instabilities. In particular, primary phosphines with ``user friendly'' properties (e.g., good oxidative/thermal stability, low volatility) would be extremely important not only from the synthetic point of view but also for potential application (e.g., in dendrimers formation). As part of ongoing research on the fundamental main group and organic chemistry of functionalized phosphorus compounds, the authors report, herein, unprecedented selectivity in the reaction of 3-aminopropyl primary phosphine 3, with the methyl ester in the presence of free acid, amide, and thiol to produce air stable amide, carboxylate, and thiol functionalized primary phosphines.

Chemicals for preventing moulding in damp hay

Fewer than one third of more than 100 chemicals tested prevented moulding when 0.5% of active ingredient was added to hay containing 35% water or, alternatively, when 0.02% of active ingredient was added with 0.2% propionic acid or ammonium propionate. Chemicals which prevented moulding in these tests when used alone included aliphatic acids with 2–6 carbon atoms, sorbic acid, short chain aldehydes and phenols, propionic acid, fully or half-neutralized with ammonia, and 8-quinolinol and its derivatives. Formic acid, aliphatic acids with 7–9 carbon atoms, longer chain aldehydes and some fungicides delayed moulding for one to two weeks. Only formaldehyde, 8-quinolinol and its derivatives, and p-nitrophenol increased the activity of 0.2% propionic acid. Although the effective doses of propionic acid, ammonium propionate, and propionic acid, half-neutralised with ammonia, were similar, there was evidence that the presence of free acid in the formulation aided redistribution to overcome undertreatment of pockets in the hay. Further tests of 2-phenyl phenol, phenyl propionate and 8-quinolinol showed that the latter was the best candidate for development. Fungi of the Aspergillus glaucus group were first to colonise most tests that failed, indicating their high degree of tolerance of a wide range of chemicals, and their value as test organisms for prospective preservatives.

An evaluation of the bile acid binding and antacid properties of hydrotalcite in hiatus hernia and peptic ulceration.

The bile acid binding and antacid properties of hydrotalcite were studied in 25 patients with hiatus hernia or peptic ulceration. Hydrotalcite was found to have significant bile acid binding properties in the presence of free acid in the stomach. There was a definite antacid effect in both pathological entities. These results suggest that hydrotalcite may be an effective therapeutic agent in upper gastro-intestinal ulceration, warranting further investigation in lesions which are thought to involve both hydrochloric acid and bile acids in their pathogenesis.

A study of Conductivity of the Systems: Water—0.2 N Sodium Salts of fatty acids and alcohols in presence of free acid or alkali

AbstractFor the systems: „Water—0.2N sodium salts of fatty acids and alcohols (3‐methyl butanol‐1 or hexanol‐1) in presence of free acids and sodium hydroxide”︁ the specific conductivity decreases with the increase in the chain length of the soap as well as of the alcohol. The specific conductivity of the solutions increases with the increase in sodium hydroxide concentration. In the plot of specific conductivity and sodium hydroxide concentration, the curvature is more marked in the case of lower soaps than the higher soaps.

Tubeless gastric analysis.

The tubeless detection of gastric acidity, as developed by Segal and associates, 1 makes it possible to ascertain the state of gastric acidity in specific cases or in mass screening examinations without the use of complicated or cumbersome chemical procedures. The rationale of tubeless analysis depends on the use of a dye, azure A, which is released from a cation exchange resin by free hydrochloric acid in the stomach. In the presence of free acid, the free dye is absorbed and consequently excreted in the urine and the blue color of the urine may then be visually compared with a solution of azure A of known concentration. It has been reported by other workers 2 that in about 50% of the tests the azure A is excreted in a reduced, colorless form that requires oxidation with acid and heat to bring out the color. In our experience, about 75% of

Reliability of tubeless gastric analysis in presence of complicating diseases.

Two methods for detecting gastric achlorhydria, the conventional and the tubeless methods, were compared in a study of 114 hospital patients. Each patient had a disease that might be expected to interfere with the physiological mechanisms involved in the tubeless method. The fasting patients received 1.0 mg. of histamine phosphate subcutaneously to stimulate gastric secretion. After 45 minutes a urine specimen was obtained and a sample of gastric juice was removed for the conventional titration with dimethylaminoazobenzene (Topfer's reagent) as indicator. The patient then received 2 Gm. of a cation exchange resin (containing 90 mg. of azure A) with 240 ml. of water. Two hours later a second urine specimen was obtained for comparison with the first. Appearance of the dye in the second urine specimen, indicating the presence of free acid in the stomach, was correlated with the amount of acid disclosed by titration. Discrepancies between the results of the tube and the tubeless methods were found in 12 patients, 7 of whom had renal disease. In 102 patients the results of the two tests agreed. The simplicity of the tubeless method recommends it for use as an office procedure and in screening large numbers of patients.

The role of complex formation in partition paper chromatography

Further information of the possible effects of chemical reaction on differential ionic movement in partition paper chromatography was obtained by developing chromatograms of fifteen inorganic cations with alcoholic solvents containing varying concentrations of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate. An examination of these chromatograms indicated that variations in the concentrations of E.D.T.A. in the solvent or the presence of free acid or ammonia resulted in marked changes in R F values and spot areas. It is therefore suggested that care should be taken in interpreting the results of any chromatograms developed with solvents capable of chemical interaction with the “spotted” solute.

Acid conditioning of metallurgical smoke for Cottrell precipitation

Early in the Cottrell application for recovery of metallurgical smokes, it was discovered that the presence of free acid in the precipitated dust was essential for efficient operation. This paper deals with the author’s experience on the operation of an early Cottrell installation which led to the development of a sulphuric acid fuming furnace for auxiliary acid conditioning of combined Wedge roaster and lead sinter smoke.

New studies of lron ascorbate

1. The chemical relationship between iron and the ascorbate radical was studied. The behavior of solutions of ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid were quite different from that of ferrous ascorbate. The presence of free acid leads to a more rapid breakdown of ascorbic acid, similar to that of a high alkaline reaction. The near neutral pH of ferrous ascorbate was more stable than either extreme.

The Effect of Symbiosis upon Spore Formation by Bacillus Welchii, with Special Reference to the Presence of These Spores in Stools

The surgical importance of the bacillus welchii has been recognized since Fraenkel1 showed that it was the cause of gas phlegmon. Its significance for the internist became evident when it was shown by Tissier,2 Passini,3 and, more conclusively, by Kendall and his coworkers4 that this organism may be the cause of severe diarrheas especially in infants, but also in adults. The usual method of detecting the bacillus welchii in the stools is by means of the heated milk test, first used by Botkin,5 and perfected and employed very extensively by Kendall.6 The stools of infants suffering from gas bacillus diarrhea may be acid in reaction and yet contain large numbers of spores of this organism. The addition of sugar to the diet of such infants causes a serious and marked aggravation of the symptoms and an increase in the number of spores in the stools. Since it is well known that in artificial media the bacillus welchii does not sporulate except when such media are neutral or slightly alkaline and free from sugar, it seemed advisable to determine whether or not this bacillus could form spores in the presence of free acid or fermentable sugar in symbiosis with other organisms. Sittler7 has stated that the gas bacillus can produce spores in symbiosis with the colon bacillus under conditions and in media in which it would otherwise be unable to sporulate. A number of different strains of the bacillus welchii, isolated from a variety of sources, were grown in broth and in sterilized suspensions of feces, with and without the addition of dextrose, in symbiosis with