Foreign Presence Research Articles

Peran Intelijen Keimigrasian dalam Ancaman Non Tradisional di Indonesia

Indonesia is a country that has natural wealth that is so beautiful that this factor is an attraction for inviting foreigners to come to Indonesia. Globalization makes everything easy and today's life is accompanied by sophisticated, renewable technologies. The presence of foreigners should be facilitated so that they can support the national objective program with an approach to welfare and security factors that cannot be separated. However, the presence of foreigners in Indonesian territory can create a serious threat considering the dynamic global conditions, cultural and political differences make Indonesia vulnerable to crimes committed by foreigners. The Directorate General of Immigration carries out the duties and functions of immigration, kemersian provides facilities related to the presence of foreigners in Indonesia. In carrying out its duties and functions, immigration has an immigration intelligence directorate, immigration intelligence plays a role in supporting, assisting, securing, providing advice and early warning of predictions that will occur so that it can be overcome and eliminate future threats. Intelligence plays a role in reading, overcoming and eliminating threats and situations that occur from a phenomenon.

Export Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment in Kenya's Manufacturing Sector: A Double Hurdle Approach

ABSTRACT: This paper investigates export spillovers from foreign direct investment on the exporting activities of domestic manufacturing firms in Kenya. Specifically, the paper aims at identifying the transmission channels through which foreign direct investment affects the export propensity and export intensity decisions of domestically-owned firms. The study also examines the importance of firm-level heterogeneity on the occurrence and behavior of spillover channels. The study uses a panel data set for manufacturing firms in Kenya, obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, conducted in three waves covering the period 2007–2018. Employing the Double-Hurdle model approach, and using the maximum likelihood estimation technique, we empirically demonstrate the relevance and significance of distinguishing three channels for intra-industry (horizontal) spillovers – demonstration effects, information effects and competition effects channels and one channel for vertical spillovers, that is, backward linkage channel. Findings of this study shows that domestically-owned firms in Kenya experience significant positive export spillovers on their export participation decisions through the demonstration effects channel and significant negative spillovers via the competition effects channel. The findings also show significant positive export spillover effects on the export intensity decisions of domestically-owned firms via information and competition effects channels and significant negative export spillover effects via the backward linkages channel. The results further provide evidence that firms belonging to industries with low technological levels were unable to absorb spillover benefits from foreign presence via the demonstration effects channel. The results also indicate that small and medium firms were unable to reap export spillovers benefits via information effects and backward linkage channels. The findings have important policy implications for managers of firms and policymakers in Kenya and other developing countries. To enhance export-related spillover benefits, domestic firms need to enhance their absorptive capacities by upgrading their technical capacities and improving quality standards. Governments should facilitate the exchange of information on investor needs, their capacities and skills requirements, thus bridging information gaps between domestic suppliers and foreign investors in addition to supporting domestic market linkages.

Priority of public interests in the regulation of foreign participationin strategic sectors of the economy

The author discusses some topical issues of the balance of private and public interests in the framework of limiting foreign presence in the areas of economic activity that are strategically important for the state. In 2022 - 2023 State policy in the field of foreign investment control is generally characterized by the introduction of additional restrictions in order to ensure national security: the list of areas of activity recognized as strategic has been expanded; the number of regulatory approvals required for obtaining by foreign persons for transactions with Russian companies has been increased; increased requirements for transparency in the ownership structure of strategic companies; the consequences of violation of the law in this area are detailed. Author formulates a conclusion about the necessary conditionality of the priority of public interest over private interest by current economic and political factors. First of all, proceeding from the measures necessary and sufficient to satisfy the public interest, the state determines the nature and degree of restriction of the economic freedom of the bearers of private interest. At the same time, by satisfying the public interest, which has as its goal the provision of national economic stability and security of the state, it ultimately ensures the satisfaction of such other interests and needs of an indefinite range of entities that are part of society and the state, which cannot be satisfied only in terms of the financial stability of the state, its military and economic security.

The initial effect of U.S. tax reform on foreign acquisitions

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 marked a significant change in U.S. domestic and international tax policy, altering incentives for U.S. firms to own foreign assets. We examine the initial response of U.S. firms’ foreign acquisition patterns to the TCJA’s key reform provisions. We find a significant overall decrease in the probability that a foreign target is acquired by a U.S. firm after the reform, suggesting that the net effect of the TCJA was to reduce acquisitions abroad. Cross-sectional variation across target and acquirer characteristics points to the elimination of the repatriation tax and the TCJA’s global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) regime as critically influencing cross-border acquisitions by U.S. firms. Specifically, U.S. acquirers with little foreign presence prior to the TCJA are more likely to acquire a foreign target, while U.S. acquirers are less likely to acquire profitable targets in low-tax countries. Results from our empirical analyses are consistent with the TCJA prompting fewer but more value-enhancing, less tax-motivated foreign acquisitions by U.S. firms.

Flemish Immigration and Geoffrey of Monmouth's De gestis Britonum

Flemish Immigration and Geoffrey of Monmouth's <i>De gestis Britonum</i>

Relationship Between Green Innovation and Sustainability and Moderating Role of Foreigners: Evidence from Saudi Listed Companies

This paper investigates the effect of the presence of non-Saudi members on the board and committees and the relationship between green innovation and sustainability reporting. I rely on the ISO 26000 and CSR guidelines as an index of sustainability measures. Based on a sample of Saudi listed firms, for the period 2017–2020, I run a multiple regression to test the moderating role of the effect of foreigners’ presence on the link between green innovation and sustainability reporting. The main issue of the paper is to address whether the presence of foreign members on the board of directors affects the firm’s decision to voluntarily respond to major stakeholders’ demands for increased sustainability reporting in Saudi Arabia. I found that the last appearance of COVID-19 affected the level of sustainability reporting, which led to the impact on the results of the relationship between the variables as well. By using a hierarchical moderated regression analysis, my findings confirm that green innovation has a crucial role in promoting sustainability, but the presence of foreigners in different committees has no effect on the relationship.

Instrukcja sejmiku województwa kijowskiego na sejm 1646 r.

The instruction of the local diet of the Kyiv Province for the Sejm of 1646 By issuing the proclamation of 25 July 1646 Władysław IV called Sejm to convene on 25 October. Among the points raised by the royal legation, of top priority was the one concerning possible danger coming from the Turks and the Tatars. The royal court proposed a debate to gain support for the royal plans of a war with the Ottoman Porte and the Crimean Khanate. The plans forced an alliance with Russia and subsequent border review process, which resulted in Poland losing some of its territory. The Polish nobility did not support the king’s military plans. The attitude of the nobility affected the sejmiks, which jointly objected to the military plans in question. During numerous sessions delegates criticised other elements of the king’s policy as well. The location of the Kyiv Province (south-eastern Poland) exposed it to a possible hostile attack. This is why it is worth examining the attitude of the Zhytomyr sejmik towards the royal policy. During this sejmik the nobility decided to stop payments for Tatars but, at the same time opposed the war with the sultan. Members of the Zhytomyr sejmik demanded access to the proceedings of the Senate to reveal those behind the king’s policy and the presence of foreigners at the royal court. The instructions also highlight law-abidingness as well as some private affairs, like the dispute concerning the order of precedence of the delegates of the Ruthenian province, or the demand for a remedy for the ousting of Zhytomyr delegates from the Sejm during the previous session.

Pelaksanaan Pengawasan Keimigrasian Terkait Kepatuhan Pelaporan Perubahan Alamat Orang Asing

The purpose of this study is to clarify the status of the implementation of immigration control related to the handling of foreign address change registration and to clarify the efforts and obstacles made by Immigration Class I TPI Tanjung Perak. Compliance with the registration of change of address for foreigners. Based on Article 71 (a) of Law no. 6/2011 which states that every foreigner who is in Indonesian territory is required to provide all information in the form of his/her identity and family and to report any change in civil status, citizenship, employment, guarantor, and change of address to the local Immigration Office. As for the role of immigration in monitoring the movement of foreigners entering and leaving Indonesian territory as well as the presence and activities of foreigners within Indonesian territory, repressive measures are required to apply administrative and criminal sanctions to support immigration enforcement. The method used in this research is normative-empirical research. The results of this study found that foreigners entering Indonesian territory must be accurately registered at the TPI immigration data center upon arrival and supervised in detecting the presence of foreigners in certain areas, thus ensuring complete foreigners with adequate documents. clarity. Obstacles or problems that arise in the implementation of immigration control, such as a lack of personnel to transfer information, duties, and functions of administrative and external supervision. The steps taken to explore these obstacles are expected to maximize the performance of licensed immigration officers in carrying out their immigration functions.

Choice of international branch campus: a case study

International branch campuses (IBCs) are becoming an alternative to domestic higher education institutions. Through interviews with Chinese undergraduates at a British IBC in China, this article examines the choice of a British IBC, using a combined model as the conceptual framework. It finds that the factors both affecting college choice and impacting study abroad influence the choice to study at an IBC, because of the nature of IBCs as foreign presences in the host countries. Academic achievement and supply of resources are necessary but not sufficient conditions for the choice of IBC. Further, students choose IBCs over other universities with similar entry requirements because of their capital and habitus, represented by their socio-economic status. Both students and their parents hope to leverage their accumulated cultural capital to reproduce their cultural capital, or to convert their existing economic capital into cultural capital. Moreover, social capital affects the choice to study at an IBC, and its impacts depend on the volume, strength and quality of the social network. Parents are the most influential persons, impacting the choice of IBC with their capital. Last, institutional characteristics, particularly as a gateway to studying abroad, attract students to study at IBCs.

Immigrant Security in a Culturally Different Environment. The Polish Experience after the Arab Spring

Since the decolonisation of Africa - especially after 1960 - more and more people have been arriving from the African continent to Europe for settlement purposes. In 2017, the countries of the European Union there were already 9.1 million African nationals living in the European Union. Of this group, 5 million people came from North Africa (most from Morocco) and the rest from Africa south of the Sahara. Poland is one of the countries in the European Union that has received many migrants from different parts of the world. Figures indicate that 2.1 million foreigners, mostly from Africa and Asia, will live in Poland in 2020. The possibility of frequent contact with immigrants has increased. Meeting a person of African origin in their place of residence is now declared by 39% of respondents, while in 2015 it was only 13%. The attitude of Poles towards immigrants from Africa has also changed in recent years. Poles have become accustomed to the everyday presence of foreigners, as indicated by a clear increase in their level of acceptance in their immediate environment. An African as a close neighbour is now accepted by 84% of Poles (up from 61%) and as their son or daughter-in-law by 58% (up from 34%). There is also a growing concern for keeping immigrants safe, especially when it comes to situations where their life or health may be at risk. However, difficulties arise due to differences in culture, religion, customs and the lack of a common language. The paper will discuss and clarify these problems.

Cultural diversity as a source of regional innovation: evidence from Poland

Using a cross-sectional dataset at the level of patent applications of Polish regions, we investigate whether greater cultural diversity in the structure of inventors increases the quality of inventions they generate. Using the number of citations received by inventions as a proxy for the quality of innovation and the Herfindahl index to measure cultural diversity in a team of inventors, we find that both the mere presence of foreigners in applications as well as greater cultural diversity in a team of inventors, significantly improves the quality of Polish technical solutions. We obtained similar results at the level of Polish regions, although in this case the positive relationship between cultural diversity and innovation was not always significant, and in the case of one voivodeship, cultural diversity even reduced the quality of inventions created there.

Reducing Foreign Presence In The Russian Manufacturing Industry: The Results Of 2022 And The Immediate Prospects

The withdrawal of foreign companies from the Russian market due to a change in the political situation has been a new trend for the Russian economy. The study shows that the actual scale of closure of foreign legal entities is insignificant, and even smaller than in previous years: the maximum number of legal entities was closed during 2018-2019. With that, until 2021, there were no noticeable differences in behavior between Russian and foreign companies, no intentions to reduce or limit their activities. Given the time it takes to comply with regulatory requirements for company closures, the decisions announced in 2022 are likely to affect the exit statistics of foreign organizations in 2023-2024. In addition, a possible future change in the behavior of foreign owners, in the form of restrictions or suspension of activities without the formal closure of companies will require a separate study, based on the results of 2022-2023.

ФРАНЧАЙЗИНГ ЯК МЕТОД ІНТЕРНАЦІОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ БІЗНЕСУ

In the conditions of globalization and internationalization of world economies, the development of franchise businesses in the world is one of the most progressive. International franchising as one of the forms of business is developing quite dynamically today, as a franchise is a more straightforward way for enterprises to enter global markets and does not require significant investment resources to start a business. For a country on the territory of which franchise business is developing, this means the attraction of direct foreign investments, which satisfy the needs of enterprises with limited resources and allow them to improve the quality characteristics of their products and generally increase the country's competitiveness. Most research on franchising in international trade focuses on companies that first tested their concept in the domestic market. These studies have shown that franchisors are reluctant to modify their franchise package, already developed in their own country, to operate abroad. It was also noted that a significant contributor to franchise internationalization is prior foreign presence through other forms of internationalization. In the article, the authors outline franchising as a strategy for business expansion in the international space and organizational factors of internationalization through franchising. An analysis of the scope and trends of franchising in introducing international business was carried out. Internationalization strategies through franchising are defined. Internationalization errors of individual networks were analyzed. Most research on franchising in international trade focuses on companies that first tested their concept in the domestic market. These studies have shown that franchisors are reluctant to modify their franchise package, already developed in their own country, to operate abroad. It was also noted that a significant contributor to franchise internationalization is prior foreign presence through other forms of internationalization. Thus, the most challenging form of internationalization is entering foreign markets without experience operating a franchise network.

Makassar City Government Intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a Form of Safeguarding the Sovereignty of the Indonesian Nation

Makassar is now one of the most attractive cities for foreigners to visit; this then needs to be taken seriously by the authorities and those who have the power to carry out the supervisory function of these foreigners because the data revealed that in 2018 13 foreigners are detected as committing violations until they enter the realm of immigration crime, indirectly this will be a threat to the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Proposed research The implementation of supervision of foreigners and foreign community organisations are aimed at maintaining the upholding of the Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Achieving these monitoring objectives requires an optimal role from the city government, which must also involve other elements such as relevant government agencies and the community—bearing in mind also that supervision is one of the roles of the government related to its administrative functions. The research uses a descriptive analysis approach, which will seek or describe the intensity of supervision and regulation of the Makassar City Government for foreigners in maintaining the nation’s sovereignty. The type of research applied is research with a writing method with a normative juridical approach (normative legal analysis), which refers to legal norms contained in legislation that uses a normative footing. The results of the study show the following: (a) Makassar City Government's intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a form of safeguarding National Sovereignty is carried out through the Makassar City National and Political Unity Agency by forming a Foreigner Supervision Team (POA) to carry out its supervisory role in the form of monitoring of the presence of foreigners in Makassar. Kesbangpol also involves the Regional Intelligence Community, abbreviated as Kominda, to facilitate the monitoring of foreigners in Makassar City. (b) The process of carrying out verification is the main task of the immigration authorities to carry out data collection. Data on foreigners from the immigration department is then coordinated with the Makassar City Government in a meeting of the Foreigner Supervision Team (POA). Keywords: Intensity, Surveillance, Foreign Residents, City Government

The future of Iraq in light of the foreign presence A future study of the limits of the foreign military presence in the light of the Iraqi-American security agreement

ليس صحيحا ان الولايات المتحدة خاضت وتخوض الحروب من اجل تفادي تكرار هجمات جديدة مماثلة لهجمات الحادي عشر من سبتمبر عام 2001 والا بماذا نفسر الدرع الصاروخي وسط اوروبا والبحث عن مكان لقاعدة افريكوم في شمال افريقيا والتدخل في السودان والصومال الى اخره من التدخلات الامريكية في شؤون العالم .. لايمكن ان يفسر الا بانه الانفراد بالقوة الذي يكمن في استحصال نتيجة القبض على النفط حقولا وصادرات وتأمين مصادره ايا كانت وتأمين طرق نقله الى ابعد فترة ممكنة . ويجب على الاميركيين ان يعترفوا ان خسائرهم في العراق وافغانستان فاقت خسائرهم في الهجوم الارهابي الذي دمر برجي مركز التجارة العالمي في نيويورك في 11 ايلول 2001 والذي اتخذوا منه ذريعة لاحتلال الدولتين فليس صحيحا ان الولايات المتحدة قادرة على تحقيق اي نصر قريب او بعيد في العراق او افغانستان ولا يشغل بال الاميركيون ماذا سيخلف انسحابهم في العالم باكمله بقدر ما يشغلهم هزيمة الكبرياء الامريكية وفشل خططهم للسيطرة على النفط سواء من حقول العراق والخليج او بتأمين خطوط انابيب البترول من باكستان الى تركمانستان عبر افغانستان او من بحر قزوين لصالح شركات امريكية .

Competition in the Chinese market: Foreign firms and markups

This study addresses the issues of whether foreign firms outperform domestic firms in markups and whether the presence of foreign firms dampens the markup of their local counterparts in the Chinese market. Analysis of a firm-level panel dataset, we find foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs), particularly those not from Hong Kong–Macau–Taiwan, charging a higher markup. Estimations on the determinants of markups highlight the important roles played by technological capability and intangible assets. The potential channels and mechanisms are also discussed. Entering the Chinese market through joint ventures helps FIEs raise markups, and this effect is notable for HMT–FIEs, which might have a relative advantage of cultural proximity than other FIEs. Sharing equality with national capital to construct political connection (guanxi) also helps facilitate markups. Crucially, foreign presence is positively related to local firms’ markups, suggesting that the spillover and linkage effects dominate the competition pressure brought about by foreign direct investment.

The disputed lake: Lake Garda between tourism and nationalism on the eve of the Great War

AbstractThis article reconstructs the heated – local and national – debate around the consistent and pervasive foreign presence in the border territory of Lake Garda on the eve of the Great War. Here, the growing nationalistic tensions that preceded the conflict intertwined with the emerging hospitality industry. Tourism, seen as a social phenomenon, can thus offer a privileged perspective on the transformations of the general context of the time. Introduced by Austro-Germanic inhabitants of the lake at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the hospitality industry on Lake Garda flourished up to the eve of the Great War. There were, however, also opponents to this model of development. The dispute escalated to the point that, in the perception of the locals, the ‘outsiders’ turned into ‘enemies’ and Lake Garda increasingly became a disputed area: a symbol of the tensions of the time.

The Demand Creation Effect on the Indonesian Manufacturing Industry

This study analyzes the impact of Foreign Direct Investment that creates a demand creation effect on domestic companies in the Indonesian manufacturing industry in 2010-2015. This study uses Input and Output data for 2010 and Industri Besar Sedang data in 2010-2015, both of which come from the Badan Pusat Statistik. The Fixed Effects model came out as the best model because it reflected different firm characteristics. The study concludes that the larger the foreign presence and the firm’s size in an industry, the more demand-creating effect it will create. However, FDI enters highly concentrated industries and industries with high levels of imports, which will negatively affect the demand creation effect.

Could spillovers from multinationals affect the trade activities of local firms?

This paper examines spillovers from foreign affiliates of multinationals on various margins of trade of local firms. We find that a larger foreign presence in the same region crowds out the trade activity of local firms, resulting in a reduction of the number of products imported and exported, as well as of the number of origins where imports are sourced from. Supply chain linkages with foreign affiliates are instead found to help local firms to diversify their exports and imports. Engagement in R&D activity allows local firms to mitigate some of the negative effects of the presence of foreign-owned firms in the same region, and enhances the local firms’ gains arising through forward linkages. • Local firms in the same region as MNEs concentrate trade on fewer products and markets. • Local firms in the same sector as MNEs expand the range of export destinations. • Supplying MNEs results in local firms exporting a larger number of products. • Buying from MNEs enables local firms to enter new markets as exporters and importers. • R&D is a conduit for absorbing knowledge when buying inputs from MNEs.

The proximity‐concentration trade‐off with multi‐product firms: Are exports and FDI complements or substitutes?

AbstractStandard horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI) models predict substitutability between FDI and exports in light of the proximity‐concentration trade‐off, nonetheless, empirical literature finds, almost invariably, a complementarity effect. We show that given the multi‐product nature of multinational enterprises both effects coexist at the firm‐level, with a substitutability for some products and a complementarity for others, explaining why the empirical substitutability relation has been so scarce even at the level of the firm. We use detailed French firm‐level data over 2002 and 2009 to show that the question of whether FDI and exports are complements or substitutes depends on whether the product belongs to the core competency of the firm and the size of demand in the destination market. We find evidence of the substitutability predicted by standard horizontal FDI models, taking place only for the best performing products of the firm and in high‐demand markets. In turn, vertical linkages and proximity advantages related to FDI's foreign presence generate exports of intermediates and products that are further away of the firms' core competency. This complementarity jeopardises the substitutability when aggregating all products of the firm, resulting on an average null net effect of FDI on exports in high‐demand countries.