Presence Of Foreign Body Research Articles

Contribution of the Association of CT scan and Ocular Trauma Score in Open Globe Ocular Injuries: Mohammed VI University Hospital Experience

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the association between oculo-orbital CT scan results and Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) in open globe injuries. Methods: In 65 eyes with open globe injuries undergoing oculo-orbital CT, they were classified into 5 major types: intraocular foreign body/air, scleral irregularity with decreased globe volume, lens dislocation, abnormal vitreous density, choroid layer thickening, and choroidal detachment. The association between different types and the number of CT findings with OTS stages was evaluated. Results: The average age of patients was 37 ± 15.8 years. The most common CT findings were the presence of intraocular foreign bodies (63.1%), severe scleral irregularity (18.5%), and abnormal vitreous density (23.1%). The most frequent OTS stages were III (47.7%) and II (21.5%). Univariate analysis showed that severe scleral irregularity (OR = 0.015; p = 0.001), abnormal vitreous density (OR = 0.095; p < 0.004), choroidal layer thickening (OR = 0.211; p = 0.006), and foreign body (OR = 9.50; p = 0.004) were associated with more advanced OTS stages (I and II). The discovery of more anomalies on CT was associated with severe ocular injuries, namely OTS I (p < 0.001) with corresponding low final visual acuity. Conclusion: CT results can aid in predicting OTS stage and visual prognosis in open globe eye injuries.

Enhancing Diagnostic Accuracy in Body Packing Cases: The Impact of Preliminary Diagnosis Awareness on Computed Tomography Evaluation

Objective: Body packing refers to the concealment of illegal substances within the body. This study aims to evaluate the computed tomography (CT) findings of body packing cases, and to assess whether considering the possibility of body packing in preliminary diagnosis will affect the accuracy of specialists evaluating in the emergency and intensive care departments. Materials and Methods: 20 body packing cases were retrospectively examined for the presence of foreign bodies. A control group was created from 20 non-contrast abdominal CT images. Re-evaluation involved four radiologists. Before evaluating, two radiologists were advised they could be body packers. Results: In 18 (90%) of 20 body packers, foreign bodies were visible in the intestinal lumen, mostly 14 (70%) in the colon. Radiologists who were given preliminary diagnosis, correctly identified all 18 (100%) intestinal foreign body cases and did not make any false positives. Two other radiologists correctly identified 16 (88.9%) cases and missed 2 (11.1%) cases and there was significantly difference (p

Few incidentally found interesting foreign objects in human body: a case series

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds. Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once. Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions. This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.

Clinical Case of a Foreign Body in the Soft Tissues surrounding the Knee Joint: to Help the Practitione

INTRODUCTION: The existence of foreign bodies in a human organism often creates difficulties in differential diagnosis and diagnosis verification. A clinical case of a 45-year-old female patient is presented. On examination, the patient complained of pain in the knee joints, restricted range of active movements, more on the left. Pain syndrome in the joints has been present for several years intensifying on exertion; a week before the current consultation, the patient fell down from her height on the left knee and felt a sharp enhancement of pain in it. X-ray of the left knee joint showed a fragmented foreign body in the surrounding soft tissues. The patient denied a history of trauma with a foreign body getting into the wound; she cannot give the data and mechanism of appearance of a foreign body in the soft tissues. CONCLUSION: The peculiarities of the given clinical case include the absence of data on the fact of entry of a foreign body, its prolonged presence in the soft tissues without significant clinical symptoms. A relative rarity of a foreign body in soft tissues, however, does not exclude it being a cause of pain syndrome, the primary care physicians should have diagnostic alertness. A thorough history taking and instrumental examinations are required to exclude, among other things, the presence of an X-ray negative foreign body. Not a single method of examination can be considered ideal for diagnosis of all types of foreign bodies.

Occurrence pattern of diaphragmatic hernia in bovines

The present study was done with an objective to evaluate the occurrence pattern of diaphragmatic hernia in Bovines. All the bovines presented with and positive for diaphragmatic hernia (n=162) on radiography or ultrasonography were included in the study period of 15 months. The overall hospital and radiographic occurrence of diaphragmatic hernia in bovines was 2.22% and 11.96% respectively. The highest radiographic occurrence of DH was in the month of December (21.21%) followed by in February (20.41%) and the least was in September (0.89%).The study included 159 buffaloes and 3 cows. Among buffaloes, 2 were males (1.26%) and the rest females. All the cows presented were females; 2 cows were of indigenous Sahiwal breed, and one was a Jersy cross bred. Most of the bovines (72.22%) were presented in a period of 8 to 30 days of appearance of clinical signs. The average age of bovines presented was 5.87±2.21 (2-14) years, body weight 391.39±69.72 (204-560) kg, Body condition score 1.69±0.67 (1-3.5), in-appetence in 96.30%, recurrent bloat in 67.29%, hard black scanty faeces in 85.80%, occasional coughing in 9.87% and mild brisket oedema in 4.94%. The 40.74% of bovines were non-pregnant (with 28.79% recently parturited) and 59.26% (with 38.64% in advance pregnancy) were in some stage of pregnancy. The average heart rate of bovines was 72.08±16.31 (43-120) beats/min, respiration rate 22.52±11.31 (5-60)/minute and temperature 100.43±1.88 (95-106)°F. Most of the bovines (82.10%) were active and alert with pink mucous membrane (59.29%), one was presented recumbent and 17.28% were dull and depressed. The average haemoglobin in g% was 10.38±2.41 (3.5-17.4) with maximum bovines had haemoglobin between 10 to 12 g% (37.24%). Only 67% bovines had potential foreign bodies in cranial or caudal reticular regions on recumbent radiography.In conclusion, the radiographic occurrence of diaphragmatic hernia in buffaloes is alarming; however, the cows and male buffaloes are rarely reported. The existence of DH in indigenous cows is reported. The young adult female buffaloes are maximum susceptible to the disease condition of diaphragmatic hernia. Reduced BCS and body weight due to chronic in appetence is characteristic of non-pregnant diaphragmatic hernia Bovines. Passage of hard scanty faeces and in-appetence was a characteristic of the condition, however, recurrent bloat, advance pregnancy and presence of potential foreign body on radiograph was not a characteristic feature of diaphragmatic hernia in bovines.

Few incidentally found interesting foreign objects in human body: a case series

Foreign bodies are objects that do not typically belong in the human body but can be ingested, inserted, or entered due to injuries. This article presents various cases and examples of foreign bodies, including objects swallowed, objects inserted into the rectum, vagina, urethra, ear, and nose, or due to injuries caused by falls, puncture wounds, and gunshot wounds. Foreign bodies can be difficult to detect, particularly if they are not inherently radio-opaque, and may be overlooked by patients who cannot provide an adequate history. These foreign bodies may cause harm to the patient. Interpretation is done on radiographs, computed tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (USG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies. Most foreign objects pass through the gastrointestinal tract without problem; sharp and elongated objects can cause significant injury, and even if they only partially perforate the bowel wall, they can produce chronic inflammatory processes that produce symptoms months or years later. Hence, searching for foreign bodies should be done throughout the gastrointestinal tract, particularly in children and people with mental illness who are more likely to swallow multiple items more than once. Although rare, various materials can be left behind in the body of a patient after surgery, including large and small wire sutures, surgical drains, and retained sponges, which can cause potential complications and foreign body reactions. This article highlights the importance of being aware of the presence of foreign bodies in clinical practice, and a thorough search should be carried out using different modalities, especially CT. Great suspicion and early diagnosis of foreign bodies can avoid potential complications and morbidity. In general, it provides information on the diagnosis and treatment of various types of foreign bodies.

Characterization of wound infections among patients injured during the Ruso-Ukrainian war in a Role 4 hospital

IntroductionThe management of infections in war wounds is a problem aggravated by the presence of multiresistant bacteria and requires a combined approach with surgery. Literature has identified the risks and patterns of antibiotic resistance in previous armed conflicts, but the Russian-Ukrainian conflict has required the study of specific bacterial resistance patterns. MethodsWe included war-injured patients from the Russian-Ukrainian conflict transferred for treatment to the General Defense Hospital of Zaragoza from May 2022 to October 2023. Epidemiological data, factors related to the injury, presence of infection and microbiological results were collected; These data were subsequently analyzed statistically. ResultsFifty-three patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 35.6 years; 83% were injured by an explosive mechanism and all received antibiotic therapy prior to transfer. Seventeen patients had skin, soft tissue or joint infection. Correlation was demonstrated with the presence of bone lesion (p 0.03), skin coverage defect (p 0.000) and presence of foreign bodies (p 0.006). Nine patients had monomicrobial cultures, and the most frequently isolated microorganisms were Gram negative bacilli (GNB) and Staphylococcus aureus. Virtually all GNB presented some resistance mechanism. ConclusionOur work shows the correlation of war wound infection with the presence of foreign bodies and affected tissues. Likewise, the presence of polymicrobial wounds is emphasized, with a predominance of GNB and multidrug-resistant S. aureus.

Посттравматичний вплив фосфорної зброї: від патогенезу до лікування

With the beginning of a full-scale war, the negative impact of harmful, dangerous substances due to the use of chemical, phosphorus bombs and other weapons, prohibited by the Geneva Convention, leads to unpredictable consequences for the health of combatants and the civilian population as well. Objectives of the study is to analyze injuries caused by white phosphorus of various types of phosphorus weapons, such as explosive weapons with a wide area of damage - mines, ammunition, long-range missiles; artillery, mortar shells, various types of grenades - in the conditions of the russian invasion of Ukraine. Materials and methods. The following methods were used when performing the work: content analysis, comparative analysis and systematization of the researched material. A study of scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases for the period 2001-2023. The results. Phosphorus munitions such as white phosphorus are known for their high effectiveness in combat operations, but their use leads to serious injuries and post-traumatic psychological changes. White phosphorus after a bomb explosion causes burns to the tissues of the human body, especially when in contact with burning material, as well as burns to the upper respiratory tract due to inhalation of smoke or gases released during combustion. The article analyzes the legal framework prohibiting the use of phosphorous ammunition in armed conflicts. Clinical cases of combined gunshot wounds of the limbs with a massive defect of soft tissues, gunshot fractures and the presence of multiple foreign bodies of metallic density due to the used phosphorous ammunition were considered. An analysis of scientific research by foreign scientists on this issue was carried out. The article presents the algorithms for providing first aid due to the effects of phosphorous ammunition, as well as the methodological recommendations of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine (Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 506 dated 20.03.2022) regarding the provision of medical assistance at the pre-hospital stage for burns, enteral poisoning, and eye contact phosphorus as a result of damage by the phosphorus component of the ammunition.

A case report of a foreign body in the urethra of an 18-year-old woman

Introduction : The presence of foreign bodies in the genitourinary system can be caused by self insertion, cases of sexual assault, or following trauma. Material and Methods: In this article, we present the details of the case of an eighteen-year-old unmarried woman who referred to the urology clinic due to complaints of suprapubic pain, dysuria and hematuria. Results : In the physical examination, a remarkable finding was the observation of a pencil tip inside the urethra. On ultrasound, a posterior shadow related to a foreign body was seen in the bladder, which extended towards the urethra. The patient underwent surgery and after opening the bladder, a 10 cm long pencil was seen with a stone of about 5 cm around it. Successful removal of this foreign body relieved the patient's symptoms. Conclusions :Overall, this case highlights the importance of early detection and intervention in cases of foreign bodies in the genitourinary tract. With the early detection of foreign bodies in the bladder, it is possible to prevent further damage due to infection or the formation of stones around it.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Female Adolescents on the Causes, Effects and Prevention of Vaginal Candidiasis in the Adenta Municipality of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

Introduction: Among every four women, at least, three of them experience vaginal candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. People with dysfunctional immune system such as the aged, very young children, altered pH and sugar content in vaginal secretions as a result of pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, hormonal fluctuations, smoking, black race, oral-contraceptives, obesity and use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases the frequency to acquiring infection and are therefore vulnerable to fungal infections. Poor hygiene, chemical irritants and the presence of foreign body in the vagina can also cause vaginal candidiasis Objective: This study sought to access the knowledge and attitudes regarding causes, effects and prevention of vaginal candidiasis among female adolescent in the Adenta Municipality. Methods: A cross-sectional design and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 403 female adolescents within the Adenta Municipality using a structured questionnaire. The data collected from respondents were collected and entered into Epi Data Entry Client v4.0.2.4.9 and was exported into Stata 14.0 for analysis. All numerical data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Chi-square, p-values were used to establish the associations between variables. Logistic regression of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant at 95% confidence interval. Results were presented in tables and graphs. Result: The study revealed that the overall knowledge of respondents was good (54.7%). Majority (57.7%) of the respondents knew poor hygiene to be the major cause of vaginal candidiasis and it can easily be transmitted through sexual intercourse (67.8%). About 97% of the respondents most agreed that sugar intake was a major risk factor of vaginal candidiasis with (39.9%) of them knowing infertility as a major effect of vaginal candidiasis if not treated. Friends (47.5%) and school (41.1%) were seen to be the major source of information regarding vaginal candidiasis. The attitude towards the prevention of candidiasis among female adolescents was good (58.9%). Though, more than 50% of the respondents agreed that candidiasis infection was dangerous, majority (82.7%) of them were unsure of symptoms and therefore (87.6%) agreed that people infected with candidiasis must seek for treatment from the hospital. Having a good knowledge on vaginal candidiasis [AOR=2.56 (95% Cl: 1.57– 4.15), p<0.001] and a good attitude towards it prevention [AOR=1.83 (95% Cl: 1.12–2.99), p<0.015] were positively associated with the effects of vaginal candidiasis. These participants were 3 and 2 times respectively more likely to have good attitudes towards the effects of vaginal candidiasis respectively. Also, the participants who were in a relationship with the opposite sex was statistically significant such that those who were in a relationship were 3 times more likely to be knowledgeable about candidiasis [AOR=2.96 (95% Cl: 1.14 – 7.84), p<0.025] as compared with those who were not in a relationship. In conclusion, female adolescents in the Adenta Municipality had good knowledge on the causes and effects of vaginal candidiasis. Those aged 10-15 years exhibited poor knowledge and attitudes regarding the causes, effects and prevention of vaginal candidiasis. Programs aimed at increasing the knowledge, attitudes of female adolescents on vaginal candidiasis should be implemented and more attention should be given to the adolescents between the ages of 10 and 15 years. The responses given by respondents was seen to be influenced by the socio-demographic characteristics such as age, level of education, religion and ethnic group.

Factors correlating with circulating T-zone-like cells of undetermined significance (TZUS) in dogs resident in Italy

T-zone-like cells of undetermined significance (TZUS) share the same phenotypic pattern (CD45-CD5+) with T-zone lymphoma cells and were first described a few years ago in the peripheral blood (PB) of healthy aged American Golden retrievers (GR). History of bladder and eye disease increased the odd of circulating TZUS in the American GR population. Since differences among dogs may exist according to the geographical region of origin, herein we screened 489 PB samples to assess potential factors predisposing to the presence of circulating TZUS in dogs living in Italy. Overall, TZUS were found in 174 (35.6%) samples. Among 83 clinical variables, significant associations emerged with sex, age, diagnosis of neoplasia, history of neoplasia, history of infectious or parasitic disease, history of osteoarticular disease, presence of traumatic lesions or foreign bodies, and lymphocytes count. Only age and history of neoplasia retained significance at multivariate analysis (p=0.019 and p=0.036, respectively). Thus, older age and history of neoplasia are the main factors associated with circulating TZUS in Italian dogs. Future studies should focus on elucidating the biological role of TZUS and determining reproducible criteria for their identification, distinguishing them from infiltrating TZL.

Foreign Body Aspiration in Children Clinical, Radiological, and Bronchoscopic Findings

Background: Inhalation of foreign bodies (FBs) is a frequent and adverse condition in the pediatric population. Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a serious health problem that is sometimes fatal. According to the 2019 data of the National Safety Council (NSC), deaths associated with FBA are the fourth most common preventable accident between the ages of 0–4 years. Aim: The study aimed to retrospectively inspect foreign body aspiration (FBA) among children by focusing on symptoms, physical and radiological examination and complications. Method: This was a retrospective study (case series) conducted at Benghazi Children‘s Hospital in a period from1st. October 2020 to1st. October 2022 that included all children under 15 years old who underwent rigid bronchoscopy for suspected foreign body aspiration. Results: A total of 131 patients who underwent bronchoscopy were included in this study. The mean age of the studied group was (3.5±3.4 years) ranged from 2 months to 15 years. The FBA was most common (50, 38.17%) in the age group (1-3 years), followed by children aged <1 year (38, 29.01%), and less common in patients aged >10 years (8, 6.11%). The FBA was slightly higher in females (73, 55.73 %) than males (58, 44.27%). The history of FBA and the presence of FB in bronchoscopy were witnessed in the majority of cases: (108, 82.44%) and (117, 89.31%) respectively. The majority of removed FB were organic in nature (83, 70.94 %) with the predominance of peanuts (33, 39.76%), and seeds (21, 25.30%). Most of FB is located in the right main bronchus (46, 51.69%) followed by the left main bronchus (16, 17). A large number of cases (83, 72.82%) took more than two days (48 hours) between aspiration and the removal of a foreign body. Cough was the most common symptom (100, 77.5%), followed by chocking (88, 68.2%), then breathlessness (61, 47.3%), and the other cases presented the following symptoms in decreasing order: wheezing, cyanosis, fever, grunting, seizure, dysphagia, ........

Risk factor analysis and model construction for fish bone foreign body in children's pharynx

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the risk factors for predicting the presence of fish bone foreign bodies and to develop a risk prediction model. MethodsData of 1405 children who underwent video-guided laryngoscope for suspected fish bone foreign body ingestion were retrospectively analyzed. Multi-factor logistic regression analyses were performed to analyze the risk factors for the presence of fish bone foreign body in patients, and a risk prediction model was established based on the results of the logistic regression analysis. ResultsThe results of the statistical analysis showed the presence of an ulcerated surface increased the risk of having a fishbone foreign body in the pharynx by approximately 55.36-fold (95 % confidence interval (CI): 15.78–194.24), followed by a clear chief complaint site, which increased the risk of having a fishbone foreign body in the pharynx by approximately 7.963-fold (95 % CI: 4.820–13.15), and a tingling sensation, which increased the risk of having a fishbone foreign body by approximately 7-fold (95 % CI: 3.483, 14.233). A clinical prediction model (nomogram) was developed and its validation was performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, in which an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.808 indicated that the model had a great prediction capability. ConclusionThe predictive capability of a logistic regression model for the detection of fish bone foreign bodies following ingestion is significant. Clinicians can concentrate on monitoring these risk factors and implementing appropriate interventions to reduce the risks of patients presenting with fish bone foreign bodies.

Profile of bomb blast injuries

Bomb blast injuries in India have unfortunately been a recurring and tragic reality, stemming from acts of terrorism and insurgency that have targeted various regions of the country. These incidents have resulted in significant loss of life, severe injuries, and lasting trauma for those affected. The impact of bomb blast injuries in India is not only physical but also psychological, affecting individuals, families, and communities at large.The injuries sustained in bomb blasts can vary in severity and type, depending on factors such as the type of explosive device used, the location of the blast, and the proximity of individuals to the explosion. Common injuries include shrapnel wounds, burns, fractures, traumatic amputations, and head injuries. The force of the blast can cause extensive damage to internal organs, leading to conditions such as blast lung injury, abdominal trauma, and hearing loss. The pattern of injuries due to bomb blast on the victims. Identification of the dead body of the deceased victims. To ascertain the distance of the victim from the blast from nature of injuries. Eardrum injuries sustained and mental trauma to live victims. To ascertain the presence of foreign bodies, primary and secondary missiles and there by assisting in investigations. The present study “The Profile of Bomb Blast Injuries’’ has been carried out in the one of the Major Medical College and Hospital in Maharashtra State. The present study has been carried out during the period of January 2003 to July 2004, During this study total cases studied were sixty nine (69), they are grouped as A & B. A : - 32 cases died due to bomb blast has been meticulously studied. B: - 37 injured persons ( clinical cases) due to bomb blast has been studied in the different wardsof hospital. In the present work total 69 cases were studied by group A & B i.e group A: 32 cases brought dead in the hospital, while group B:37 cases admitted in the hospital and following conclusion are derived :-1. Maximum affected persons from group A: deaths as well as from group B : clinical cases injured in bomb blast, were in the age group of 11 to 40 years. 2. Maximum cases from group A (brought dead to the hospital) as well as clinical cases from group B admitted in the hospital are much higher in males as compared to females. 3. The persons died, group A and injured cases (clinical) group B, during bomb blast in present study was mainly belong to Hindu religion as compared to other religions. 4. It was found in the present study that the persons died in bomb blast were mostly the residents of Mumbai city in comparison with those who are residing outside of Mumbai.

Perforating trauma with the presence of a foreign body in the cervical region: case report

The escalating incidence of urban violence has positioned physical aggression as a predominant catalyst for head and neck injuries, constituting a significant etiological factor in mortality. Indeed, half of all deaths associated with harm involve the head and neck region. The current report elucidates a specific case stemming from physical aggression, wherein a 52-year-old male manifested post-incident swelling on the left side of the jaw. Clinical examination unveiled the presence of a cylindrical foreign body, subsequently identified as a wooden skewer, situated between the mandible and hyoid bone. Successful surgical intervention was conducted to remove the foreign object. This case accentuates the critical importance of precise diagnostic procedures and meticulous surgical planning in instances of neck trauma.

The use of thermovision in the detection of asymptomatic facial inflammation – Pilot study

Abstract Introduction: Asymptomatic inflammatory foci resulting from chronic dental infections or the presence of foreign bodies, e.g., in the sinuses, leading to serious local and systemic complications. These conditions, despite the absence of symptoms, are a source of bacterial, toxic, allergic, and neurogenic effects. Despite the developed radiological diagnostics in the form of pantomographic images and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), thermal imaging is increasingly mentioned as an auxiliary tool in detecting and treating inflammatory foci of the craniofacial region. It is due that thermal imaging can bring indirectly metabolic information about studied tissues and thus allow the detection of early inflammatory lesions yet not invisible on X-ray diagnostics. The purpose of the study was to apply and validate a protocol for identifying asymptomatic inflammatory foci in the maxillofacial area using thermal imaging. Material and methods: Patients referred to the institute were examined for the presence of inflammatory foci. Analysis of radiographs revealed asymptomatic foci in the maxillary sinus, which were associated with the presence of a displaced foreign body. Thermographic examinations were performed using a FLIR T540 thermal imaging camera. Results: The obtained results showed a significant temperature difference between the suspected and opposite sinus. It was also confirmed that after the foreign body was removed from the sinus the temperature showed a dynamic decrease in time. Conclusions: According to the study, thermography has the potential to become an essential diagnostic tool for inflammation of odontogenic origin. It offers non-invasiveness, safety, real-time imaging, painless and completely safe.

Indigestible Foreign Bodies in cattle and goats: A veterinary surgical emergency and potential silent killer in South Sudan

In South Sudan, reckless littering and contamination of environment with all sorts of solid waste turned Indigestible Foreign Bodies (IFBs), poor knowledge of the public and farmers and the current animal husbandry system in practice constituted potential drivers for ruminant animals to inevitably ingest one or more of IFBs, that proved to be a potential, neglected non-infectious disease and a silent killer. The objective of this study was to identify the types and prevalence of IFBs in slaughtered cattle and goats. The research was carried out at two of the biggest slaughterhouses in the towns of Aweil and Wau. This study uses a cross section design in which animals prepared for slaughter were identified at antemortem and their rumen and reticulum were examined for the presence of foreign indigestible bodies. The results show that the overall prevalence of IFBs in both species in the two slaughterhouses was 32.55%, goats were more affected (34.41%) than cattle. Prevalence in aged goats (57.14%) were higher than younger ones. Middle-aged cattle succumbed more (36.11 %) than young ones. Females in both species were more affected (38.04%) than males. Prevalence of IFBs in Aweil municipal slaughterhouse (40.20%) was higher than in Wau slaughterhouse (29.78%). Most recovered types of IFB in cattle and goats were plastics (44.50%) followed by cloths (25.36%). However, mixed type of IFB was the most encountered in goats (68%) than in cattle (31.2%). The study concluded that IFBs ingestion by ruminant animals in South Sudan was widespread but not scientifically documented and disseminated and therefore, recommends extensive public and farmers awareness about solid waste management, type of biodegradables solid wastes and the policymakers to consider classification of IFBs ingestion by ruminant animals as potential non-infectious veterinary emergencies and a silent killer.

A foreign body complicated by tracheal perforation in the esophagus of a two-year-old child (clinical observation)

Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract remain one of the significant problems in pediatric practice. Ingestion of foreign bodies is typical for children of all ages, but especially for the first 5 years of life. Due to the anatomical features of children, foreign bodies are often located at the level of the first physiological narrowing – in 68% of cases. The mortality rate from foreign bodies is 1%, but with the development of severe complications, this figure increases to 45%. A disc-shaped battery is the most dangerous one for health, as it is capable of causing local infiltrative-necrotic changes, perforation of the esophagus. Disc-shaped batteries as FB (foreign body) form up to 10% of the total number of foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract in children. Unfortunately, parents do not immediately seek medical help, since the symptoms indicating the presence of FB are often absent or may manifest as non-specific symptoms. Endoscopic examination serves as a key method in the diagnosis of ingested FB among children and its removal less than 24 hours after ingestion, since any delay reduces the probability of successful intraluminal extraction. This article discusses the clinical observation of a prolonged presence of a foreign body in the esophagus of a toddler child. The clinical course manifested itself in the form of nonspecific symptoms, a foreign body was detected only after a number of studies and was removed by endoscopic method. During the examination of the patient, in addition to the chest X-ray, esophagogastroduodenoscopy and a number of bronchoscopies were performed. Accessible and highly informative methods of instrumental diagnostics available in each clinic of the regional scale, today remain the first stage of the diagnosis of foreign bodies.

Clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and outcomes of tonsillar fossa foreign bodies in dogs: seven cases (2020-2023).

Clinical presentation and outcomes of dogs with tonsillar foreign bodies are not described in the literature. The objective of this case series is to describe the presence, clinical manifestations, endoscopic findings and outcomes of foreign bodies in the palatine tonsillar fossa of dogs. Medical records of dogs in which tonsillar fossa foreign bodies were removed by endoscopy between 2020 and 2023 at a referral centre were reviewed. Dogs were included if complete medical records were available. Seven dogs were included. Among all clinical signs reported, acute onset of throat clearing occurred in all dogs. Palatine tonsil enlargement and protrusion from the tonsillar fossa were observed in four of seven dogs. Foreign bodies were removed under endoscopic guidance in all dogs; a vegetal foreign body was found in all but one dog (6/7). Complete resolution of clinical signs was reported in the five dogs for which follow-up information was available. The tonsillar fossa is a rare but possible location for foreign bodies in dogs and should be explored even in the absence of macroscopic lesions of the tonsils, since some dogs could have a normal palatine tonsil appearance. Acute throat clearing should raise the suspicion of tonsillar fossa foreign bodies. The prognosis appears good after removal.

Role of Virtual Bronchoscopy in Evaluation of Suspected Foreign Body in Children's Tracheobronchial Tree.

Introduction The presence of foreign bodies in the airways remain a diagnostic challenge to healthcare professionals. They can become life threatening emergencies that require immediate intervention or go unnoticed for weeks and even months. Prevention is best but early recognition remains a critical factor in treatment of foreign body inhalation in children. Objective To study the diagnostic advantages of virtual over rigid bronchoscopy in the evaluation of children with suspected foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree and plan for early management. Methods A crossectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital & medical college in India. A total 24 patients (0-12-years-old) who presented with complaints of sudden onset of coughing, choking, and breathing difficulty were included during the 2-year duration, from January 2018 to December 2019. All patients underwent virtual and rigid bronchoscopy. Results In 8 patients, foreign bodies detected by virtual bronchoscopy were confirmed by rigid bronchoscopy. There was one case in which virtual bronchoscopy showed no foreign body, but rigid bronchoscopy detected it. In 15 cases virtual and rigid bronchoscopy did not show foreign bodies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of virtual bronchoscopy were 88.88, 100, 100, and 93.75%, respectively. Conclusions Virtual bronchoscopy is less invasive and does not require general anesthesia but cost and availability are limitations. It can be used as method of investigation in children with suspected foreign body aspiration.