Presence Of Diastema Research Articles

Midline diastema

Midline diastema is a space between the maxillary and/or mandibular central incisors. Midline diastema can be due to various causes such as genetic, environmental, and so on. Proper history taking and correct diagnosis of the etiology of the diastema is essential to ensure that the orthodontic correction is successful, and no future relapse takes place. The presence of diastema between the central incisors in the adult patient has esthetics and malocclusion concerns.

Diastema Closure in Anterior Teeth Using a Posterior Matrix.

Presence of diastema between anterior teeth is often considered an onerous esthetic problem. Various treatment modalities are available for diastema closure. However, not all diastemas can be treated the same in terms of modality or timing. The extent and the etiology of the diastema must be properly evaluated. Proper case selection is of paramount importance for a successful treatment. In this case report, diastema closure was performed with direct composite restorations. One bottle etch-and-rinse adhesive was used and a single shade was used to close the diastemas. Contoured sectional posterior matrix was used to achieve anatomic contouring of the proximal surfaces of the teeth. This was followed by finishing and polishing using polishing discs. Patient was kept on recall every 6 months. Conclusion. Diastema closure with correct anatomic contouring is easy to perform using the contoured sectional matrices. At 14-month recall, no clinical signs of failure like discoloration or fracture were evident. Also, patient did not complain of any sensitivity. Thus, direct composite restorations serve as durable and highly esthetic restorations leading to complete patient satisfaction.

Dental pathology in conventionally fed and pasture managed dairy cattle

Healthy teeth are important in the first stages of digestion for dairy cattle, yet little is known about bovine dental disease. This study aimed to investigate dental pathology of dairy...

Ultra-thin porcelain laminates to restore esthetics of anterior teeth: case report

The ultra-thin porcelain laminates provide the esthetic harmony to the smile compromised by the presence of diastema between maxillary incisors. Objective: To report the dental aesthetic recovery with ultra-thin porcelain laminates, so-called “contact lenses”. Case report: Patient sought treatment reporting presence of diastema between the anterior teeth. After the clinical examination, impressions were made to obtain study models and diagnostic wax-up. Home bleaching was conducted using 10% carbamide peroxide for 21 days. Next, the mock-up with bisacrylic self-curing composite resin and the functional impression were conducted. For cementation, dental surfaces were etched with 37% phosphoric acid followed by applying the adhesive system. The resin cement was inserted within internal part of the contact lenses previously treated with hydrofluoric acid and silane, and the prosthetic samples were positioned over the labial surfaces of the anterior teeth. After light-curing, the finishing procedure was performed. Conclusion: Ultra-thin porcelain laminates (contact lenses) were viable, efficient, and conservative procedures for recovering dental esthetic, with no need of invasive procedures.

Multidisciplinary esthetic approach for multiple anterior diastema: 36-month clinical performance

The presence of diastema, between anterior teeth, distorts a pleasing smile by concentrating the observer’s attention on the spaces. The patient’s needs and expectations must be considered in the process of treatment planning to ensure satisfaction with the treatment outcomes. There are many forms of therapy that can be used for diastema closure. A carefully developed diagnosis, which includes a determination of the causal elements and advanced treatment planning, allows the most appropriate treatment to be selected for each case. The aim of this paper is present a multidisciplinary approach as a solution to multiple diastemas in the anterior region using gingival tissue recontouring and direct adhesive restorations, with minimum wear of the dental structure, after the orthodontic intervention discussing the minimal intervention to obtain imperceptive and aesthetic final restoration. Thirty-six months after the treatment was carried out, the final aesthetic was maintained with all dental element details and gingival tissue harmony, without recurrence of periodontal pockets and the preservation of the tooth color and shape.

A New Species ofMonodelphis(Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

ABSTRACT A new species of the didelphid marsupial genus Monodelphis is described from southeastern Brazil. The new species is closely related to Monodelphis kunsi Pine, 1975, and other members of the M. adusta group, but differs from those species and from other congeneric taxa by unique external and cranial characters and by cytochrome-b and nuclear DNA sequences. Diagnostic morphological characters of the new species include uniformly brownish dorsolateral pelage without distinct stripes or other sharp pigment discontinuities; diminutive eyes and ears; a remarkably long and narrow rostrum; apparent loss of an interparietal ossification; and the presence of diastemata between C1 and P1, P1 and P2, c1 and p1, p1 and p2, and p2 and p3. The new species is known from the Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) of southeastern Brazil, where it occurs sympatrically with four other congeners (M. americana, M. iheringi, M. scalops, M. dimidiata) and seems to be restricted to montane habitats.

Aesthetic & Economical Management of Diastema

Diastema is a space between the teeth. Presence of diastema may lead to self-consciousness and patient may experience low self-esteem. Before closing the diastema, the cause must be understood and the treatment should be well planned. Diastemas are commonly closed by preparing the tooth & restoring it with composite resin. Restorative method with composite resin is the least invasive, economical and aesthetic treatment which can be done in a single visit in comparison to all the other available treatment options. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v1i2.8149 Journal of Kathmandu Medical College, Vol. 1, No. 2, Oct.-Dec., 2012: 110-113

Occlusal traits in developmental dyslexia: a preliminary study

AimThe objective of the study reported here was to assess the orthodontic features in children affected by developmental dyslexia (DD).Patients and methodsA total of 28 children affected by DD (22 boys, six girls; mean age: 9.78 ± 1.69 years) were compared with 51 healthy children (38 boys, 13 girls; mean age 9.41 ± 1.48; range 7–10 years). Reading and writing skills were evaluated along with orthodontic features.ResultsThe DD and control groups were not significantly different in terms of total intelligence quotient (P = 0.441) and writing skills (P = 0.805 and P = 0.240, respectively), whereas significant differences were observed between the DD group and control group in both word reading (2.018 ± 1.714 vs 0.917 ± 0.563; P = 0.000) and non-word reading (2.537 ± 1.543 vs 0.862 ± 0.244; P = 0.000). Moreover, for many orthodontic features, there was no significant difference between the two groups; only in prevalence of diastemas (57.14%, P = 0.006), midline diastemas (46.42%, P = 0.007), overbite > 4 mm (71.42%, P = 0.006) and overjet > 4 mm (53.57%, P = 0.001), was there a statistically significant difference. According to univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of diastemas (odds ratio [OR] 4.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61–11.65), midline diastemas (OR 4.68; 95% CI 1.61–13.43), an overbite >4 mm (OR 1.75; 95% CI 0.64–4.71), or an overjet >4 mm (OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.06–7.20) seems to play a role in the relationship between occlusal abnormalities and DD in children.ConclusionChildren with DD tend to present with altered dental features, particularly in the area of the incisors, suggesting that a persistently different tongue kinematic profile may thus affect both the developmental variability of the tongue and lip and the occlusion.

Assessment of the orthodontic knowledge demonstrated by dental school undergraduates: recognizing the key features of Angle Class II, Division 1 malocclusion

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ability of undergraduate students in diagnosing Angle Class II malocclusion and evaluate the clinical approach of these students toward a patient displaying this condition. METHODS: The sample consisted of 138 students attending the last semester of 10 dental schools in the State of Rio de Janeiro/Brazil assessed by questionnaires with closed questions. They were presented with photographs and dental casts of a patient in the mixed dentition, with Angle Class II malocclusion, increased overjet and overbite, deviated dental midlines and anterior diastemas in the upper arch. RESULTS: It was found that students easily identified increased overjet (92% of students), followed by the presence of diastemas (89%), midline deviation (84.7%) and increased overbite (77.3%). Conversely, approximately half the sample (n=70 or 51% of the students) were able to identify bilateral Angle Class II malocclusion. Nearly all agreed on the need for treatment and that it should be provided by a specialist (n=131 or 95%), but found it difficult to determine the ideal moment to start orthodontic treatment: 48.9% of the sample would begin treatment at the end of the mixed dentition, 41.7% would indicate treatment during deciduous dentition and 7.9% during permanent dentition. CONCLUSIONS: On completion of their undergraduate courses, students encounter difficulties in diagnosing Class II and even find it hard to articulate ideas about a basic treatment protocol to correct this malocclusion.

First skull of Orthaspidotherium edwardsi (Mammalia, “Condylarthra”) from the late Paleocene of Berru (France) and phylogenetic affinities of the enigmatic European family Pleuraspidotheriidae

ABSTRACT Among the archaic ‘ungulates,’ pleuraspidotheriids are well documented by skulls and postcranial elements of Pleuraspidotherium from Berru and Cernay-lès-Reims (late Paleocene, Paris Basin, France). Nevertheless, the relationships of pleuraspidotheriids (i.e., Pleuraspidotherium, Orthaspidotherium, and Hilalia) to other ‘condylarths’ have not been conclusively settled. They have been related to the typically North American Meniscotheriidae, Phenacodontidae, and Mioclaenidae, and even to the modern ungulates Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla. We here provide additional data, especially from the first complete skull of Orthaspidotherium, and highlight a mosaic of plesiomorphic and derived characters that distinguish Pleuraspidotheriidae from all other ‘ungulates.’ Their basicranial morphology approximates the ancestral morphotype of artiodactyls, but this results from symplesiomorphies. Pleuraspidotheriids exhibit the following synapomorphies: strong processes on the petrosal and enclosure of the facial nerve by the tympanic process and tympanohyal. Although their dentition resembles that of perissodactyls, meniscotheriids, and phenacodontids, the development of a pseudohypocone from the metaconule unambiguously shows that these similarities arose by convergence. Other evolutionary tendencies are the strong reduction of the hypoconulid, molarization of last premolars, development of lingual cingulum on M2, lengthening of the snout, and presence of diastemata. The pleuraspidotheriid tarsal morphology is primitive and not uncommon among ‘condylarths’ but presents some synapomorphies such as a calcaneum with a transverse cuboid facet and an astragalus with a squatting facet, cotylar fossa, and sustentacular hinge. Our study does not indicate a close relationship of Pleuraspidotheriidae with any of the archaic or modern ‘ungulates’ mentioned above. Instead, primitive arctocyonids could represent a possible ancestral morphotype for pleuraspidotheriids.

Prevalência de más oclusões em crianças de 9 a 12 anos de idade da cidade de Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro)

INTRODUÇÃO: o conhecimento da situação epidemiológica da população é importante para o planejamento e execução dos serviços odontológicos. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência de más oclusões em escolares de 9 a 12 anos de idade da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Nova Friburgo (Rio de Janeiro). MÉTODOS: a amostra, selecionada aleatoriamente, foi composta por 407 crianças (53,1% do gênero feminino), que foram avaliadas por um profissional treinado, após autorização de seus responsáveis. RESULTADOS: as más oclusões mais prevalentes foram apinhamento (45,5%), sobressaliência exagerada (29,7%), mordida cruzada posterior (19,2%), diastemas anteriores (16,2%), dente parcialmente irrompido (12,0%) e sobremordida exagerada (10,8%). A relação molar mais presente foi a de Classe I (76,7%). A presença de diastemas foi maior no gênero feminino e a sobremordida exagerada foi mais prevalente no gênero masculino, ambas na dentição mista. Sobressaliência negativa e presença de dente parcialmente irrompido tiveram maior prevalência na dentição permanente. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se que a simples avaliação da prevalência das más oclusões não revela a gravidade nem a hierarquia da necessidade de tratamento, fatores importantes no planejamento em Saúde Pública.

Clinical dental examinations of 357 donkeys in the UK. Part 2: Epidemiological studies on the potential relationships between different dental disorders, and between dental disease and systemic disorders

Dental disease has been shown to be a risk factor for weight loss and colic in horses. No extensive clinical studies in donkeys have investigated the potential relationship between different dental disorders, or between dental disease and systemic disorders. To determine possible associations between dental disease and body condition score, weight loss, the need for supplemental feeding and prevalence of colic in donkeys of all ages, and to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of dental disease by the determination of associations between different dental disorders. A prospective cross-sectional analysis of clinical dental examinations of 357 donkeys in The Donkey Sanctuary, Sidmouth was performed. Other epidemiological factors such as estimated age group, body condition score, weight loss, medical history and supplemental feeding were also recorded, and multiple regression analyses were performed to determine possible associations. Donkeys from older age groups were more likely to have dental disease, poor body condition score and suffered previous colic episodes. The presence of dental disease was also significantly associated with weight loss, colic, low body condition score and the need for supplemental feeding. The presence of diastemata, periodontal disease, wave mouth, smooth mouth and step mouth are frequently associated with the presence of other dental disorders. In addition to oral-related pain, dental disease can cause significant systemic disorders and so has increased welfare implications in donkeys. Some dental disorders promote the development of other types of dental abnormalities and thus increase the severity of dental disease in individual animals. POTENTIAL SIGNIFICANCE: Effective treatment of dental disorders slows down the progression of dental disease and decreases the risk of developing some medical disorders such as colic and weight loss that are associated with dental disease.

Post mortem survey of dental disorders in 349 donkeys from an aged population (2005–2006). Part 2: Epidemiological studies

Dental disorders have recently been recognised as having major clinical and welfare implications in donkeys. However, no investigation appears to have examined the association of dental disorders with managemental factors and any intercurrent illness. To determine the association of dental disorders observed in a post mortem study with age group, body condition score, time since last dental treatment, feeding and the illness that necessitated euthanasia or caused death. A prospective study documented the type and prevalence of dental disorders in 349 mainly aged donkeys (median estimated age of 31 years) that were subjected to euthanasia over an 18 month period in 2005'Aì2006. The estimated age, body condition score, supplemental feed status, time since last dental treatment and nature of the intercurrent disease that necessitated euthanasia or caused death were also recorded. Multivariable analysis was performed to examine associations of these factors with specific dental disorders and between specific dental disorders. There was a high prevalence (93.4%) of significant dental disease. Age group was significantly associated with the presence of dental disorders and an older age range was a high risk factor for the presence of cheek teeth (CT) diastemata. There was a significant association between the presence of CT diastemata and the concurrent presence of displaced, missing and worn CT. There was also a significant association between the presence of diastemata and colic. Aged donkeys have a high prevalence of dental disorders especially of CT diastemata. Dental disorders and, in particular, the presence of CT diastemata were significantly associated with colic. Routine, prophylactic dental treatments should be performed, especially in aged donkeys.

The Papilla Presence Index (PPI): a new system to assess interproximal papillary levels

The present article describes a classification system used to assess the interdental papillary height on natural teeth; the index can also be used in cases of lack of contact points and presence of diastemata. This system is particularly useful to define the loss of the interdental papilla because of periodontal disease and papilla reconstruction after periodontal treatment, particularly if tooth repositioning is involved. The index, based on esthetic evaluations, measures interproximal soft tissue height in relation to the CEJ, adjacent teeth, and the point corresponding to the ideal contact point. The four index scores are useful for an easy clinical assessment with respect to patient esthetics.—Reprinted with permission of Quintessence Publishing. The present article describes a classification system used to assess the interdental papillary height on natural teeth; the index can also be used in cases of lack of contact points and presence of diastemata. This system is particularly useful to define the loss of the interdental papilla because of periodontal disease and papilla reconstruction after periodontal treatment, particularly if tooth repositioning is involved. The index, based on esthetic evaluations, measures interproximal soft tissue height in relation to the CEJ, adjacent teeth, and the point corresponding to the ideal contact point. The four index scores are useful for an easy clinical assessment with respect to patient esthetics.—Reprinted with permission of Quintessence Publishing.

The Papilla Presence Index (PPI): A New System to Assess Interproximal Papillary Levels

The present article describes a classification system used to assess the interdental papillary height on natural teeth; the index can also be used in cases of lack of contact points and presence of diastemata. This system is particularly useful to define the loss of the interdental papilla because of periodontal disease and papilla reconstruction after periodontal treatment, particularly if tooth repositioning is involved. The index, based on esthetic evaluations, measures interproximal soft tissue height in relation to the CEJ, adjacent teeth, and the point corresponding to the ideal contact point. The four index scores are useful for an easy clinical assessment with respect to patient esthetics.

Self-Assessment of the Forensic Value of Dental Records

One of the most important aspects of a person's dental record may well prove to be it's potential value should the forensic dental identification of their remains become necessary. The better the quality of the antemortem dental records, the easier and faster the identification of the remains will be. The forensic dentist must be able to select identifying features by decoding the deceased's antemortem dental records. A study was conducted on two groups of dentists who were asked to self-assess the forensic dental value of the dental records maintained in their own practices. The three most frequently recorded identifying dental features, other than caries and restorations, were the presence of diastemas, displaced or rotated teeth, and dental anomalies. Surveyed dentists imbedded identifying information into the removable prosthetic devices fabricated for their patients an average of only 64% of the time. Only 56% of the two groups combined felt that their dental chartings and written records would be extremely useful in dental identifications. It is concluded that the quality of antemortem dental records available for comparison to postmortem remains varies from inadequate to extremely useful. Practicing dentists can become valuable members of the dental identification process by developing and maintaining standards of record keeping which would be valuable in restoring their patients' identity.

Non-human primates used in studies of periodontal disease pathogenesis: a review of the literature.

The inability to examine initiation and progression of periodontal disease and to assess certain therapies in humans has led to a great interest in the use of animal models in periodontal research. Some of the most prominent animals used are non-human primates. This article reviews the characteristics of non-human primate models in periodontal health, in the transition from health to gingivitis to periodontitis, and in experimental gingivitis and periodontitis. Where possible, the results of these studies are compared with results from human studies. Only a few studies have compared in detail the anatomy, physiology, immunology, and tissue interactions in monkeys with those of humans. With the exceptions of differences and variations in size of the dentition, the number of each tooth type as well as larger canines, presence of diastemata between anterior teeth, and an edge-to-edge relationship of the incisors, the dental and periodontal anatomy of non-human primates seem quite similar to that of humans. Clinically healthy gingiva can be established and maintained in non-human primates, and gingivitis as well as periodontitis occur in these animals. It is possible to induce experimental periodontitis by placement of peri-dental silk ligatures or orthodontic elastics as well as by surgical removal of alveolar bone. Although the most appropriate model for studies of periodontal disease pathogenesis in non-human primates appears to involve the application of silk ligatures, some difficulties may occur in establishing periodontal break-down by using this model. Many clinical, histological, microbiological, and immunological characteristics of spontaneous and experimental marginal inflammation in most non-human primates are similar to those in humans. The most significant differences between small non-human primates and humans are the very limited number of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and marmosets. Therefore, the use of squirrel monkeys and marmosets may not be appropriate in many studies of periodontal disease pathogenesis. The most significant microbial differences between macaque species and humans are a lower proportion of Actinomyces species, the presence of a catalase-producing Prevotella melaninogenica strain, and the high carrier rate for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque of macaque species. The significance of these differences is presently unknown. It is concluded that the use of many non-human primate species due to the apparent close anatomic and biologic similarities to humans is appropriate in experimental studies of periodontal disease, provided the use of laboratory animals is requisite and lower species are not applicable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Experimental tooth ankylosis and horizontal tooth movement in the pig

Experimental ankylosis was produced by 4 different techniques in deciduous premolar teeth of growing pigs. The most successful method was by thermal injury to the apex of the root. Measurements of the forward movement of the teeth were made on stone casts of the jaws taken prior to the production of ankylosis and after 16 weeks. Measurements from control animals showed no significant difference between right and left sides of the jaws. In those animals in which ankylosis developed, the distance between the premolar reference point and the incisor mid-point on the ankylosed side was always statistically significantly greater (mean 4.1 mm in maxilla and 2.4 mm in the mandible) than that from the contralateral unaffected side, indicating a forward movement of the deciduous premolar teeth. During the experimental period, the incisors moved forward on average by 20.0 mm in the maxilla and by 23.2 mm in the mandible whilst the deciduous canine moved forward by 9.7 mm in the maxilla and by 12.7 mm in the mandible. The differential movement of the 3 types of teeth and the presence of diastemata between the canine and incisors and between canine and premolars makes it impossible to accept a forward drive from the erupting molars as the motive force or that this forward movement is in response to interdental attrition. As the deciduous canines are small and do not occlude with teeth in the opposing jaw, it is also unlikely that occlusal forces could be responsible. Some of the forward movement of the canines and incisors is undoubtedly caused by the forward inclination of their line of eruption. The size of this contribution is not known. The direction of movement of the groups of teeth studied appeared to be wholly forward over the experimental period and was similar to that found in man.