Presence Of CsF Research Articles

Predictors of non-obstructive coronary slow flow in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCoronary slow flow (CSF) can occur due to various factors, such as inflammation, small vessel disease, endothelial dysfunction, and inadequate glucose control. However, the exact pathological mechanisms behind CSF remain incompletely understood.The objective of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with slow coronary flow in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) who have non-obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and experience CSF.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study involving 120 patients with T2DM who were referred for invasive coronary angiography due to typical chest pain or inconclusive results from non-invasive tests for myocardial ischemia. Using a 2 × 2 design, we categorized patients into groups based on their glycemic control (adequate or poor) and the presence of CSF (yes or no), defined by a TIMI frame count > 27. All patients had non-obstructive CAD, characterized by diameter stenosis of less than 40%. We identified many variables associated with CSF.ResultsOur investigation revealed no significant differences in age, sex, family history of coronary artery disease, ECG ischemia abnormalities, or echocardiographic (ECHO) data between the groups. In patients with adequate glycemic control, hypertension increased the risk of CSF by 5.33 times, smoking by 3.2 times, while dyslipidemia decreased the risk by 0.142. Additionally, hematocrit increased the risk by 2.3, and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) increased the risk by 1.053.Among patients with poor glycemic control, hematocrit increased the risk by 2.63, and the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) by 24.6. Notably, NLR was positively correlated with glycemic control parameters in T2DM patients with CSF.ConclusionsIn T2DM patients with CSF, various factors strongly correlate with glycemic control parameters and can be employed to predict the likelihood of CSF. These factors encompass hypertension, smoking, increased body mass index (BMI), elevated platelet count, hematocrit, NLR, PLR, and C-reactive protein (CRP).Trial registrationRegistry: ZU-IRB (ZU-IRB#9419–3-4-2022), Registered on: 3 April 2022, Email: IRB_123@medicine.zu.edu.eg.

Evolution of understanding.

From the time of Hippocrates to the early 19th century, knowledge advanced but that was an uneven process. Anatomy was basically defined by Galen and remained cast in stone until the early 16th century. Neuroanatomy was described by Galen but had little practical value, as brain surgery was not possible. The anatomy of the cranium was known and was largely correct. Care was taken to avoid the frontal air sinuses and the venous sinuses and the temporal region. The role of the brain in consciousness was not understood. It was considered the seat of the soul but there was a lack of understanding that damage to it could induce clinical symptoms such as stupor or paralysis. These were variously attributed to injuries to the meninges or the bone. This error was finally corrected in the 18th century when the brain was identified as responsible for much of the clinical disturbance following cranial trauma. All awareness that post traumatic neurological deficit was contralateral was ignored until the late 18th century, although several authors noted it. Likewise, the presence of CSF had to wait until the 18th century until it was recognized. Fissures were treated with trepanation, because of a perceived risk of infection developing between the bone and the dura. Depressed fracture fragments were elevated, replaced, or removed according to the details of the injury. Finally, for centuries surgeons blocked patients ears to reduce the sound of drilling, despite the fact that such a blocking would amplify the noise.

Enantioselective protonation of monofluorinated silyl enol ethers by cooperative cation‐binding catalysis

AbstractHerein, we report on the successful enantioselective protonation of a range of silyl enol ethers of cyclic ketones with labile chiral secondary CF bonds by using Song's chiral oligoethylene glycols (oligoEGs) as cation‐binding catalysts in the presence of CsF and a proton source. Highly enantioselective protonations of an array of silyl enol ethers of α‐fluoro tetralones and α‐fluoro benzosuberones were achieved, producing corresponding chiral α‐secondary α‐fluoro cyclic ketones in full conversion, with up to 96% ee. Furthermore, this protocol has successfully been extended to access chiral α‐choro and α‐bromo cyclic ketones. This successful in situ generated fluoride ion‐based stereoselective catalysis was driven by creating a densely confined chiral cage from the chiral catalyst, substrate, and CsF.

Visible-Light-Induced [4+1] Cyclization-Aromatization of Acylsilanes and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Visible-Light-Induced [4+1] Cyclization-Aromatization of Acylsilanes and α,β-Unsaturated Ketones

Fluorination Reactions at a Platinum Carbene Complex: Reaction Routes to SF3 , S(=O)F and Fluorido Complexes.

The electron‐rich Pt complex [Pt(IMes)2] (IMes: [1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐2‐imidazolinylidine]) can be used as precursor for the syntheses of a variety of fluorido ligand containing compounds. The sulfur fluoride SF4 undergoes a rapid oxidative addition at Pt0 to yield trans‐[Pt(F)(SF3)(IMes)2]. A photolytic reaction of SF6 at [Pt(IMes)2] in the presence of IMes gave the fluorido complexes trans‐[Pt(F)2(IMes)2] and trans‐[Pt(F)(SF3)(IMes)2] along with trans‐[Pt(F)(SOF)(IMes)2] and trans‐[Pt(F)(IMes’)(IMes)] (IMes’: cyclometalated IMes ligand), the latter being products produced by reaction with adventitious water. trans‐[Pt(F)(SOF)(IMes)2] and trans‐[Pt(F)2(IMes)2] were synthesized independently by treatment of [Pt(IMes)2] with SOF2 or XeF2. A reaction of [Pt(IMes)2] with a HF source gave trans‐[Pt(H)(F)(IMes)2], and an intermediate bifluorido complex trans‐[Pt(H)(FHF)(IMes)2] was identified. Compound trans‐[Pt(H)(F)(IMes)2] converts in the presence of CsF into trans‐[Pt(F)(IMes’)(IMes)].

Association between Human Parvovirus B19 (HP B19) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children.

Human Parvovirus B19 (HP B19), a single stranded DNA virus, is a global and common infectious pathogen in humans. Transmission of infection occurs via the respiratory route, through blood-derived products administered parenterally or through vertical transmission. The virus has tropism for rapidly dividing erythrocyte precursors. Usually infection by Human parvovirus B19 is mild & self limiting in healthy children while in children with hemoglobinopathy or hemolytic anemia the condition may be critical causing aplastic crisis due to short life span of red blood cells. Also, immunocompromized patients may develop serious complications like myocarditis, encephalitis & hepatitis. ALL, the most common cancer occurring in children, was recently described in association with HP B19. This study investigated this association.We compared between the presence of HP B19 DNA in CSF of 20 ALL cases at time of diagnosis before its disappearance by the developing immune system and its presence in CSF of 10 age and sex matched controls. The study showed the presence of HP B19 DNA in CSF of 4 ALL cases (20%) but in neither of the control group. It showed that cases of ALL positive for HP B19 DNA tend to be younger than ALL cases negative for HP B19 DNA. They were of common pre-B immunophenotype. They all had lower Hb, platelet and white blood cell count, this may be due to apoptotic effect of the NS1 protein of the HP B19 virus. It is important to state that the 4 ALL cases were screened for the state of their humoral immunity, the principle immune response against HP B19, and all of them had normal total IgG. Such finding may suggest that this association may surpass a mere opportunistic infection and that HP B19 may be incriminated in the pathogenesis of ALL. Further studies to prove the presence of HP B19 DNA in leukemia cells at the time of diagnosis as wellas further investigations are required on a larger scale to clarify the interaction between the HP B19 and the immune system in the hematological malignancies.

Efficient formation of C–S bond using heterocyclic thiones and arynes

Phenylthio heterocyclic compounds are widely used because of their diverse biological activities and medicinal prospects. Here, a facile method was reported. An arylation of 1,3,4-oxa(thia)diazol-2-thiones reacting with arynes to build C(aryl)-S bonds in the presence of CsF had good yields and excellent selectivity. The reaction was completed in short time without using expensive reagents and catalysts. Present reaction system is an efficient procedure to process phenylthio heterocyclic compounds and reveals a sustainable method and better application prospects in future organic synthesis.

Increased plasma lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels are associated with coronary slow flow

ObjectiveCoronary slow flow (CSF) is characterized by delayed opacification of distal epicardial coronary arteries without significant coronary stenosis. In addition, The changes of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) as a significant predictive factor for CSF remain controversial. The study aims to investigate the association between plasma Lp-PLA2 and CSF.MethodsIn this retrospective study, 170 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography were enrolled in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January 2017 to September 2019, and were divided into CSF group and normal control groups. According to coronary blood flow rate measured by the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction frame count (TFC) method, CSF was defined as TFC > 27. Serum Lp-PLA2 levels were measured in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsLp-PLA2 levels were higher in the CSF group than in the control group (288.6 ± 50.3 versus 141.9 ± 49.7, P < 0.001) and were significantly correlated with the mean coronary artery thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) frame count (r = 0.790, P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that high Lp-PLA2 was independently associated with CSF after adjustment for conventional risk factors (OR = 1.040, CI = 1.022–1.059, P<0.001). Male sex (OR = 2.192, CI = 1.161–4.140, P = 0.016) and hypertension (OR = 1.965, CI = 1.034–3.736, P = 0.039) were also CSF risk factors. Receiver-operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis showed that Lp-PLA2 levels can predict CSF severity; the predictive power was higher than the other risk factors.ConclusionOur study demonstrated that patients with CSF had higher circulating levels of Lp-PLA2 than normal controls. After adjustment for potential confounders, increased Lp-PLA2 was independently associated with presence of CSF.

A novel MRI-based classification of spinal cord shape and CSF presence at the curve apex to assess risk of intraoperative neuromonitoring data loss with thoracic spinal deformity correction.

Retrospective cohort. We present a simple classification system that is able to identify patients with increased odds of losing intraoperative neuromonitoring data during thoracic deformity correction. Type 3 spinal cords, with the cord deformed against the concave pedicle in the axial plane, have ×28 greater odds of losing monitoring data during surgery. Assess preoperative morphology of the spinal cord across the thoracic concavity to predict intraoperative loss of neuromonitoring data. 128 consecutive patients undergoing surgical correction of a thoracic deformity with pedicle screw/rod constructs were included. Spinal cords were classified into 3 types based on the appearance of the cord on the axial-T2 MRI at the apex of the curve. Type 1 is defined as a circular/symmetric cord with visible CSF between the cord and the apical concave pedicle/vertebral body. Type 2 is a circular/oval/symmetric cord with no visible CSF between the concave pedicle and the cord. Type 3 is a spinal cord that is flattened/deformed by the apical concave pedicle or vertebral body, with no intervening CSF (Fig.1). 128 patients were reviewed: 81 (63%) Type 1; 32 (25%) Type 2; and 12 (11.7%) Type 3 spinal cords. Lower extremity trans-cranial motor-evoked Potentials (MEPs) and/or somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were lost intraoperatively in 21 (16%) cases, with full recovery of data in 20 of those cases. On regression analysis, a Type 1 cord was protective against intraoperative data loss (OR = 0.17, p = 0.0003). Type 2 cords had no association with data loss (OR = 0.66, p = 0.49). Type 3 cords had significantly higher odds of intraoperative data loss (OR = 28.3, p < 0.0001). We present a new spinal cord risk classification scheme to identify patients with increased odds of losing spinal cord monitoring data with thoracic deformity correction. The odds of losing intraoperative MEPs/SSEPs are greater in type 3 spinal cords. III.

Reaction of ketone hydrazones with TeCl4: isolation and reactions of novel divinyl telluride

The reaction of acetophenone hydrazones with TeCl4 in the presence of DBU gave a mixture of divinyl ditellurides and divinyl tellurides, which easily reacted with Cu powder in refluxing toluene to afford divinyl tellurides in good yields. The reaction of divinyl tellurides with bromine (1.2 eq.) gave the corresponding tellurium dibromide rather than the addition of the double bond whereas 3 molar amount of bromine gave excess brominated and oxidized products. The reaction of divinyl tellurides with 2-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl triflate in the presence of CsF gave (E)-2-alkenyldiaryl tellurides in good yields.

Perfluoro Alkyl Hypofluorites and Peroxides Revisited.

A more convenient synthesis of the perfluoro alkyl hypofluorite (F3C)3COF as well as the hitherto unknown (C2F5)(F3C)2COF compound is reported. Both hypofluorites can be prepared by use of the corresponding tertiary alcohols RFOH and elemental fluorine in the presence of CsF. An appropriate access to these highly reactive hypofluorites is crucial. The hypofluorites are then transferred into their corresponding perfluoro bisalkyl peroxides RFOORF [RF=(F3C)3C, (C2F5)(F3C)2C] by treatment with partially fluorinated silver wool. NMR, gas‐phase infrared, and solid‐state Raman spectra of the perfluoro bisalkyl peroxides are presented and their chemical properties are discussed.

Four‐Component Reaction of Arynes with Primary Amines, Aldehydes, and Proton Source: Novel Formation of tert‐Anilines and 3,1‐Benzoxazines

AbstractFour‐component reaction of arynes derived from 2‐(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates with primary amines and aldehydes, followed by the addition of chloroform or aromatic aldehydes in the presence of CsF was accomplished, featuring sequential formation of imines, nucleophilic addition, proton abstraction of chloroform or electrophilic addition of aromatic aldehydes, and intramolecular cyclization in one‐pot operation. The reactions proceed under mild conditions and have broad perspective for selecting starting substrates.

Wednesday, September 26, 2018 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM Navigation and Intraoperative Monitoring: 44. A novel MRI-based classification of spinal cord shape and CSF presence at the curve apex to assess risk of intraoperative neuromonitoring data loss with thoracic spinal deformity correction

BACKGROUND CONTEXT Intraoperative loss of neuromonitoring data can be detrimental for both the patient and the surgeon. We propose a classification system to identify spinal cords at risk for data loss with thoracic deformity correction based on the preop axial MRI images at the curve apex. PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that the architecture of the spinal cord and amount of CSF on MRI at the thoracic apex can identify patients at risk for intraoperative loss of neuromonitoring data during spinal deformity correction. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING Review of thoracic deformity patients undergoing surgical correction at a single large academic center. PATIENT SAMPLE Thoracic deformity patients undergoing surgical correction. OUTCOME MEASURES Occurrence of intraoperative loss of trans-cranial neuromonitoring data. METHODS We reviewed 128 consecutive patients undergoing surgical correction of a thoracic deformity with pedicle screw/rod constructs. On preop MRI axial imaging at the apical concavity, three types of spinal cord/CSF architecture were defined. Type 1: circular cord with visible CSF between the cord and the apical concave pedicle. Type 2: circular cord but no visible CSF between it and the concave pedicle. Type 3: cord deformed against the apical concave pedicle, with no intervening CSF. RESULTS Of the 128 pts: 81 (63%) had Type 1; 32 (25%) Type 2; and 12 (11.7%) Type 3 spinal cords. Lower extremity transcranial motor-evoked potentials (TcMEPs) and/or somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) were lost intraoperatively in 21 (16%) cases, with full recovery of data in 20 of those. On regression analysis, a Type 1 spinal cord was protective against intraoperative data loss (odds ratio = 0.17, p=.0003). A Type 2 spinal cord had no association with data loss (OR=0.66, p=.49). Type 3 spinal cord had significantly higher odds of intraoperative data loss (OR=28.3, p CONCLUSIONS This MRI-based spinal cord risk classification scheme identifies patients at risk of losing monitoring data during surgery. Patients with the spinal cord deformed against the apical concave pedicle (Type 3) have 28 times greater odds of losing monitoring data during surgery versus Type 1 (normal cord with adequate CSF) and Type 2 (normal cord without CSF between cord and concave pedicle). FDA DEVICE/DRUG STATUS This abstract does not discuss or include any applicable devices or drugs.

One-pot two-step stannylation/Stille homocoupling of aryl bromides and iodides under solvent-free conditions

A new highly efficient solvent-free method for aryl bromide (iodide) homocoupling comprising the use of Pd(OAc)2/PCy3 system in the presence of CsF is suitable for substrates bearing functional groups not tolerant to lithium-, magnesium-, zincorganic reagents and strong bases.

Synthesis of β-Ketosulfonamides Derived from Amino Acids and Their Conversion to β-Keto-α,α-difluorosulfonamides via Electrophilic Fluorination.

β-Ketosulfonamides derived from Boc or Cbz-protected amino acids bearing hydrophobic side chains were prepared in good to excellent yield by treating N-allyl, N-alkyl methanesulfonamides with n-BuLi, followed by reaction of the resulting carbanion with methyl esters of N-protected l-amino acids. The analogous reaction using the dianion derived from an N-alkyl methanesulfonamide proceeded in much lower yield. Electrophilic fluorination of the β-ketosulfonamides using Selectfluor in the presence of CsF in DMF at room temperature for 15-60 min provided β-keto-α,α-difluorosulfonamides in good to excellent yields. The allyl protecting group could be removed in good yield using cat. Pd(PPh)3)4 and dimethyl barbituric acid. When the fluorination reaction was performed with Cs2CO3 as base, β-ketosulfonamides derived from Val, Leu or Ile gave the expected β-keto-α,α-difluorosulfonamides, while β-ketosulfonamides derived from Ala, Phe, or hPhe gave the hydrates of the imino β-keto-α,α-difluorosulfonamides.

One-pot synthesis of (ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethylthioethers from thiocyanate sodium and ethyl 2-(trimethylsilyl)-2,2-difluoroacetate (TMS-CF2CO2Et)

An efficient one-pot cascade methodology for the synthesis of (ethoxycarbonyl)difluoromethyl thioethers is described. Benzyl, allyl, alkyl halides or diazonium salts as the starting materials together with thiocyanate sodium and TMS-CF2CO2Et in the presence of CsF or NaOAc afford a variety of the fluoroalkylthiolated products in moderate to good yields.

Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions of Highly Fluorinated Arylboronic Esters: Catalytic Studies and Stoichiometric Model Reactions on the Transmetallation Step.

Fluorinated 4-aryl phenylalanine amino acid derivatives (aryl=2-C5 NF4 , 4-C6 H4 SF5 , 2-C6 H4 SCF3 , C6 F5 ) were obtained in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of phenylalanine precursors with highly fluorinated aryl boronic acid and esters in the presence of CsF. PdII complexes that possessed phenyl alanine derived ligands, such as trans-[PdBr{4-C6 H4 CH2 CH{NHC(O)CH3 }CO2 Et}(PiPr3 )2 ], were used as catalysts. Stoichiometric model reactions indicate the intermediate generation of the boronate Cs[BF(2-C5 NF4 )(pin)] (pin=pinacolato=O2 C2 Me4 ). The transmetallation step with Cs[BF(4-C6 H4 SF5 )(pin)], [NMe4 ][BF(2-C5 NF4 )(pin)] and/or the fluorido complex trans-[PdF{4-C6 H4 CH2 C{NHC(O)CH3 }(CO2 Et)2 }(PiPr3 )2 ] was investigated. A comparison of the reactions of trans-[PdX{4-C6 H4 CH2 C{NHC(O)CH3 }(CO2 Et)2 }(PiPr3 )2 ] (X=Br, F) with 2-Bpin-C5 NF4 or [NMe4 ][BF(2-C5 NF4 )(pin)] revealed the remarkable high reactivity of the fluorido complex towards 2-BpinC5 NF4 . Low-temperature NMR studies indicated the ionic species trans-[Pd{4-C6 H4 CH2 C{NHC(O)CH3 }(CO2 Et)2 }(PiPr3 )2 ][BF(2-C5 NF4 )(pin)] to be a highly reactive intermediate.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐2H‐tetrazoles via a Regioselective [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Reaction.

AbstractCycloaddition reaction of diazonium salts (I) with trimethylsilyl diazomethane in the presence of CsF provides desilylated 2‐aryl‐2H‐tetrazoles.

Nickel-Catalyzed Hiyama-type Decarboxylative Coupling of Propiolic Acids and Organosilanes.

A Ni catalytic system was developed for the decarboxylative coupling reaction of alkynyl carboxylic acids with organosilanes. Ni(acac)2 and 1,10-phenanthroline showed the best result in the presence of CsF and CuF2 at 120 °C. This system tolerated the presence of alkyl, alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, ketone, and ester functional groups. Moreover, the reaction with but-2-ynedioic acid and organosilane afforded the corresponding symmetrical diarylalkynes.

Study on the Degradation of the Highly Reactive Hypervalent Trifluoromethylation Iodine Reagent PhI(OAc)(CF3)

AbstractDegradation of the highly reactive hypervalent trifluoromethylation iodine reagent PhI(OAc)(CF3), which can only be generated in situ with mixing PhI(OAc)2 and TMSCF3 in the presence of CsF, was studied by ESI‐MS and GC‐MS combined with 19F‐NMR. The important transient intermediate PhICF3+ was determined by ESI‐MS, and the major volatile products containing CF3 were identified with the authentic compounds by using GC‐MS, such as trifluoromethylbenzene, 2‐iodobenzotrifluoride, 3‐iodobenzotrifluoride, 4‐iodobenzotrifluoride. Meanwhile, more evidences obtained with 19F‐NMR were given for such degradation reaction. A possible rapid CF3 radical transfer reaction pathway was proposed to clarify such degradation progress based on the experimental results. Therefore, this study may be helpful in elucidating the intrinsic reactivity of PhI(OAc)(CF3) and the possible competing side reactions caused by such self‐degradation pathway.