Presence Of Coumarins Research Articles

Antioedematous and Analgesic Properties of Fertile Fronds of Drynaria quercifolia

Inflammation is a complex biological response of tissue cells to harmful stimuli including trauma, tissue necrosis, and infections which plays a key role in the pathophysiology of many deadly diseases. In ethnomedicine Drynaria quercifolia fronds are used to treat inflammation as poultice on swellings and as antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antipyretic agent. Herein, we have evaluated the antioedematous, antiproliferative, and analgesic properties of the ethanolic extract of fertile fronds of D. quercifolia (FF) by standard procedures. Oral administration of FF produced significant inhibition of carrageenan and histamine induced paw oedema in Wistar rats. FF significantly reduced both wet weight and dry weight of granuloma tissue which shows the inhibitory effect on exudative and proliferative phases of inflammation. FF significantly attenuated acute and delayed phases of formalin induced pain, acetic acid-induced writhing, capsaicin-induced nociception, and hot plate test in mice. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolics, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids. Total phenolic content was 186 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid. The HPLC estimation showed flavanone glycoside naringin (1.2%) and its aglycone naringenin (0.02%). The presence of potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic principles in FF and their synergistic action may be the reason for the proposed therapeutic effects.

Room temperature phosphorescence quenching study of coumarins. Indirect determination of warfarin in pharmaceuticals

Room temperature phosphorescence of the 1-bromonaphthalene/β-cyclodextrin/cyclohexane inclusion complex was studied in the presence of coumarins: warfarin, coumarin, dicumarol and umbelliferone. The differences encountered when using right-angle or front-face illumination geometry are shown in order to mark the importance of a correct measurement. Phosphorescence static quenching was observed with the coumarins, as the phosphorescence lifetimes could reveal. Warfarin determination was performed using a commercial anticoagulant making use of the interaction between coumarins and the studied inclusion complex.

Biological activity of Prangos uloptera DC. roots, a medicinal plant from Iran

Prangos uloptera DC. (Apiaceae) is indigenous to Iran. It has been used from ancient times for treatment of leukoplakia, digestive disorders and healing scars. In this article, we focus on the various biological screening techniques currently being used to evaluate the biological effects of the plant root extracts. Our results show that dichloromethane (DCM) extract exhibited high-cytotoxic effects on hela cell line, and high antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. All of the plant root extracts, n-hexane, DCM and methanol extracts, exhibited modest antioxidant and high-phytotoxic properties. It is assumed that the high biological potential of P. uloptera is related to the presence of coumarins in the plant roots.

Coumarins permeability in Caco-2 cell model

The presence of coumarins in human diet, their multiple pharmacological properties and occurrence in various herbal remedies represent significant reasons to explore their membrane permeability, as a first event contributing to coumarins oral bioavailability. Thus, we evaluated the permeability and cytotoxicity of 18 coumarins, with different substitution patterns involving OH, OCH3 and CH3 groups. A modified Caco-2 permeability model was used, in which the permeability test is performed with a robotic workstation and cells are grown on 96-well plates for 7 days. All studied coumarins were highly permeable, with calculated Papp values that varied within 4.1 x 10(-5) to 2.1 x 10(-4) in apical to basolateral studies and within 1.8 x 10(-5) to 7.0 x 10(-5) in basolateral to apical studies. The efflux ratio remained in all cases below 1. It was demonstrated that the type and position of substituents contributed more to the permeability than the number of substituents. The results allowed us to predict that these coumarins are well absorbed in the gut lumen and efflux is not limiting the absorption. Five coumarins had an influence on the mitochondrial function of Caco-2 cells (1 < 80%, 4 > 120%), according to the WST-1 cytotoxicity test, but this does not seem to affect the permeability of the compounds.

Determination of coumarins and flavonoids in fruits of Apiaceae

Many species of Apiaceae were used in folk medicine, as spices in cookery, but also as official medicinal drugs [1, 2]. In this work, fruits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym.), celery (Apium graveolens L.), aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and dill (Anethum graveolens L.), were investigated on presence of coumarins and flavonoids. Thin layer chromatography was used as identification method. Coumarin determination was performed by TLC on silica gel GF254 with toluene:ether (1:1) as mobile phase and detection by fluorescence before and after spraying with ethanolic KOH (5%). Flavonoids were identified by TLC on cellulose-covered plates with n-buthanol: formic acid: glacial acetic acid: water (60:15:15:20) as mobile phase and detection by fluorescence before and after spraying with 1% W/V methanolic diphenylboryloxyethylamine. We detected scopoletine in samples of parsley and celery with corresponding Rf values 0.25, and umbelliferone in samples of aniseed and celery with Rf values 0.45, followed isobergapten in parsley with Rf 0.75 and isopimpinellin in celery and in dill with Rf 0.55. In samples of fennel, aniseed and dill we detected quercetin with Rf 0.70, and in samples of fennel and celery rutine with Rf 0.13. [3]

Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Athamanta sicula

The genus Athamanta L. (Apiaceae) consists of about nine species, which are distributed mainly in southeastern Europe. Some of the Athamanta species are used in traditional medicine as antiseptics, diuretics, and in the therapy of sclerosis [1]. Phytochemical studies of species from the genus Athamanta report the presence of coumarins [2–5], flavonoids [6], and fatty acids [7]. Athamanta sicula L. is an annual perennial herb, growing to a height of 30 to 100 cm. It occurs in calcareous vertical cliffs 100 meters to 1500 meters above sea level and is widespread in South Italy, particularly in Sicily. In the popular medicine, it is known as “spaccapietre” (rock splitters), and infusions of its fresh roots are indicated as a diuretic and for treatment of urinary tract diseases; more specifically it is used to dissolve kidney stones [8, 9]; the habitat, and ecological and phytosociological characteristics are also reported [10]. The chemical composition of the essential oils of the flowers and fruits of Athamanta haynaldii were found to contain appreciable amounts of myristicin (39 % ca. of the total oil) in addition to monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. In the essential oil of ripe fruits of A. haynaldii the main component was β-pinene [11]. GC analysis of the essential oil aerial parts of Athamanta macedonica showed the presence of sabinene as the main component (50.47%) [12].

HPLC analysis of coumarins in Turkish Seseli species (Umbelliferae)

The n-hexane extracts of aerial and underground parts of three Seseli species, S. gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, S. resinosum, and S. hartvigii growing in Turkey were investigated concerning the presence of coumarins by normal-phase HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography). In this respect, two coumarins, osthol (1) and corymbocoumarin (2) [(−)-(3′S, 4′S)-3′-acetoxy-4′-isovaleryloxy-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin] isolated from aerial parts of S. gummiferum subsp. corymbosum, were used as standard samples. The amount of these compounds were discussed and evaluated in this study.

Coumarins Isolated from the Roots of Seseli resinosum. in Turkey

Seseli resinosum. Freyn et Sint. (Umbelliferae) is a perennial herb that grows in the northern region of Anatolia, Turkey. The n.-hexane extract obtained from the roots of S. resinosum. was investigated for the presence of coumarins. Three angular-type pyranocoumarins and two linear-type furocoumarins were isolated from the roots. The compounds were identified as (+)-samidin [(3′S., 4′S.)-3′-senecioyloxy-4′-acetoxy-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin] (1), (−)-anomalin [(3′R., 4′R.)-3′, 4′-diangeloyloxy-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin] (2), calipteryxin (3′R., 4′R.)-3′-angeloyloxy-4′-senecioyloxy-3′, 4′-dihydroseselin (3), isoimperatorin (4), and deltoin (5). The structures were determined using spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, 1H-13C COSY, HMBC, MS), physical methods (melting point and optical rotation), and chemical correlations with known compounds that have been described in the literature. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated coumarins is discussed in the genus Seseli. L.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) for menopausal women: current state of knowledge.

Red clover (Trifolium pratense) extracts are becoming increasingly popular, primarily for the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Although promoted as a phytoestrogen source similar to soybeans, red clover is a medicinal herb, not a food, and traditionally has not been used long-term. We sought to review the scientific literature for this newer use. Medline was searched for controlled trials of red clover (Trifolium pratense), and other sources were searched for other studies and abstracts. Two double-blind placebo-controlled trials found no beneficial effects of red clover extracts on hot flashes or other menopausal symptoms. Three of four trials examining the effect of red clover on lipids found no benefit; the fourth trial contains too little data to interpret. One study examining the effect of red clover on arterial compliance found a significant beneficial effect on arterial compliance. Red clover extracts have as yet no clear demonstrable benefit for menopausal symptoms. Potential estrogenic effects on breast and endometrium have not been adequately assessed. The presence of coumarins in some clover species makes it imperative to include tests of clotting factors in future trials.

Coumarins of the epigeal part ofPotentilla erecta

It is known that the herb Potentilla erecta (L.) Hampe (tormentilla cinquefoil) contains tanning substances [i], the flavonoid kaempferol and its glycoside astragalin [2], vitamin C, organic acids, gums, resins, and starch [3]. We have found no information in the available literature on the presence of coumarins in this plant. In the present communication we consider the coumarin composition of tormentilla cinquefoil.

Alkaloids and Coumarins from the Leaves of Amyris diatripa

The alkaloids edulinine and (+/-) isoplatydesmine were isolated from the leaves of Amyris diatripa, being the first report of the presence of alkaloids in species of this genus. The presence of coumarins in the plant was also shown by isolation of psoralen, bergapten, marmesin, ulopterol and suberenol.

A survey of the action of KoreanAngelica plants on drug metabolism

Eight species of the genusAngelica in Korea were examined for the activity of affecting drug metabolism and for the presence of coumarins. The results showed that various parts, especially roots and fruits ofAngelica plants had strong effects on drug metabolism and that they contained various derivatives of coumarins.