Presence Of Children Research Articles

A Study on the Differences in Rental Property Selection Based on Gender and the Presence of Children

A Study on the Differences in Rental Property Selection Based on Gender and the Presence of Children

Prevalence and Control of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tourist Facilities across the Canary Islands, Spain.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common pathogen associated with recreational water facilities and poses risks to public health. However, data on the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in tourist destinations like the Canary Islands, Spain, remain limited. We assessed P. aeruginosa prevalence in 23 tourist facilities from 2016 to 2019. Compliance with water quality standards was evaluated, and 3962 samples were collected and analyzed. We examined different types of recreational water installations, including outer swimming pools, whirlpools, and cold wells. Of the sampled facilities, 31.2% did not comply with the current legislation's parametric values, mainly due to inadequate disinfectant levels, water temperature, and P. aeruginosa presence. The prevalence of P. aeruginosa was 4.8%, comparable to some European countries but lower than others. Cold wells displayed the highest non-compliance rate (89.2%) and yet exhibited a lower P. aeruginosa prevalence (1.9%) than outer swimming pools and whirlpools. Children's presence did not significantly impact P. aeruginosa contamination. Chlorine-based disinfectants are more effective than bromine-based ones in controlling P. aeruginosa. Regional variability in contamination was observed, with Fuerteventura showing lower colonization rates. Disinfectant levels play a critical role in P. aeruginosa control, and maintaining adequate levels is essential, particularly in bromine-treated installations. Our findings provide valuable insights into the prevalence and distribution of P. aeruginosa in recreational waters within tourist facilities. Tailored strategies are needed to ensure water safety in different Spanish regions. Continued monitoring and assessment, combined with artificial intelligence and machine learning, will enable the implementation of targeted interventions to protect the health of recreational water users.

The kids are not alright: Children as objects, audience, and agents in the 2022 Canadian convoy protests

AbstractChildren figure prominently in far‐right movements, ideologies, and conspiracy theories as innocent targets of nefarious and decadent forces, unwitting symbols of social and political decay, and potentially dangerous objects of moral panic. Far‐right movements thus map a wide‐ranging network of concerns about immigration, race, public health, education, and globalization onto children's bodies and spaces. Yet children and youth also actively participate in these movements or are otherwise socialized into them, inhabiting and making the everyday geographies of the far right in numerous ways. Children's presence at and participation in a series of protests and occupations in Canada in early 2022 demonstrates well their place in far‐right movements as symbols and agents, and connects the Canadian far right to broader spatial and temporal perspectives shared across the transnational landscape of such movements. These protests, dubbed the “Freedom Convoy” by participants and ostensibly aiming to end vaccine mandates in the Canadian trucking industry, quickly turned to more general antigovernment demands and became far‐right networking events. This paper examines more closely children's presence at and participation in the Canadian protests and how the movements behind them position children as object, audience, and agent in the spatiality of the far right's current transnational resurgence.

Towards a History of Children and Heritage: Young People, Heritage Education and the Eighteenth-Century ‘Grand Tour’

ABSTRACT Young people are now at the centre of what we call “heritage”. Children are a familiar sight at heritage sites, where specific provision is made for their learning and entertainment. Heritage education is also now well established, with families, schools, heritage sites and agencies working to ensure that children are encouraged and supported to engage with the material remains of the past. However, this is a surprisingly recent development. It was only in the later twentieth century that children came to be recognised as an important market for the heritage industry, requiring special consideration and amenities. On the other hand, on an individual basis, many children have been active participants in heritage activities for much longer. This essay considers one aspect of that long history, looking at the presence of children on the “Grand Tour” in the long eighteenth century. The classic image of the Grand Tour is of young British men being sent, in the years following school or university, on a protracted, often debauched journey around Western Europe. This characterisation has been recently challenged in several ways, and this essay continues this reevaluation by investigating the Tourists' age. Some Tourists were mature adults; many others were surprisingly young. This essay investigates both those young people who undertook their own tours, often accompanied by a tutor, and those touring as part of a family group. No reliable corpus of Grand Tourists can be established, and in those directories that do exist, children tend to be underrepresented. But using a range of printed, manuscript and visual sources, including educational treatises, memoirs, diaries, letters, and portraits, this essay establishes the unexpected extent of children's presence on the Tour and shows that it is possible to recapture the experiences of Grand Tour children and of those who travelled with them.

Snow-child interactions during the winter season in a temperate zone: Czech Republic

The presence of children in outdoor activities has been continuously declining in recent years, which negatively impacts their mental and physical health. Research has highlighted the positive effects of nature interactions on children's manual skills, socialization, and overall well-being. However, most studies have focused on regions with stable winter snow or warm regions without snow. In this study, drawing on affordance theory, both children and snow are considered as agents to examine child-snow interactions. Data were collected during the 2017/2018, 2018/2019, and 2019/2020 winter seasons, utilizing covert observation as the primary research method. The findings demonstrate that children's presence and interactions varied with the seasons, highlighting the influence of snow on public spaces and how its temporality attracts and motivates children to previously unoccupied areas.

Storage Practices, Devices, and Presence of Children Among Owners of Firearms: Informing Pediatric Firearm Safety.

Firearm injury is the leading cause of death in children and prevention is the most effective method to reduce severe morbidity and mortality. Injury prevention programs have used community firearm lock giveaway events to promote safe firearm storage practices. The locks are generally simple and inexpensive devices suitable for mass distribution but may not possess the owner-desired attributes for use in the home. Because data on owner preferences for firearm lock type is lacking, we conducted a community survey to inform firearm safety outreach efforts. We performed an anonymous cross-sectional survey at a large community fair. We elicited responses regarding reasons for firearm ownership, current storage practices, and preferences for firearm storage devices. Participants were offered a choice of a free trigger lock or cable lock and education on its use. Two-hundred and sixty-seven of 394 (67.7%) respondents reported firearm ownership, with 64.8% reporting children in the home regularly. Most (60.7%) owned handguns and cited personal protection as the main reason for ownership (88.4%). The ability to store the firearm loaded and the need for rapid access were identified as the main storage considerations. Respondents preferred trigger locks over cable locks at a rate of almost 2:1. The majority of firearm owners had handguns for self-defense. Owners preferred simple locking mechanisms that allowed the firearm to remain loaded. The pragmatic pediatric injury prevention program will include firearm owners' preferences when considering which lock to purchase and distribute during firearm injury prevention programs. IV, Epidemiological.

Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism by Caroline T. Schroeder

Reviewed by: Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism by Caroline T. Schroeder Arietta Papaconstantinou Children and Family in Late Antique Egyptian Monasticism Caroline T. Schroeder Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020. Pp. xiii + 255. ISBN 9781107156876 When in 2006 Alice-Mary Talbot and I organized a conference on late antique and Byzantine childhood at Dumbarton Oaks, we felt we were venturing into new territory. In the fifteen years following that conference, the field has seen a spectacular rise in interest for all aspects of childhood in the broader late antique and Byzantine world. Caroline Schroeder's book is one of the most sophisticated products of this surge, both in its overall approach to the subject and in its nuanced and balanced discussions. Schroeder tackles a favorite of research on medieval childhood: the uneasy relationship between children and monasteries. This has not yet been studied comprehensively for the eastern Mediterranean, and this book, focused more specifically on late antique Egypt, makes an important first step in that direction. After an introduction defining the concept of "child" as used in the book and discussing the broader issue of how cultural norms can affect the way we study the subject, the first section, "Finding children," surveys a very broad array of sources, from monastic to visual to documentary (Chapter 1: "Documenting the Undocumented: Children in the Earliest Egyptian Monasteries"), and discusses the vocabulary of childhood and its ambiguities (Chapter 2: "The Language of Childhood"). Paradoxically, however, the second chapter undermines the first: the constant uncertainty regarding what exactly is being referred to by the various possible words for "child" does not support the argument that children's presence in monasteries was common and important. Neither does it invalidate it, of course, but the interpretation of most of the texts used is far from univocal. The second section, "Representations," is on much firmer ground, because it discusses literary themes about children. Each of the three chapters is based on a previously published article, and despite being self-standing studies, they combine to offer an excellent analysis of the thought-world of monastic writers and the literary uses to which they put children. Chapter 3, "Homoeroticism, Children, and the Making of Monks" (based on a 2009 publication, "Queer Eye for the Ascetic Guy? Homoeroticism, Children, and the Making of Monks in Late Antique Egypt" in the Journal of the American Academy of Religion 77: 333–47), treats the vexed issue of the sexualization of young boys in male monasteries. The undeniable grim reality underlying monastic literary [End Page 249] obsessions about young boys is difficult to access through texts that primarily express the sexual anxieties of monks. For the monks, they probably functioned similarly to texts about eunuchs or imaginary disguised women in their midst. Chapter 4, "Child sacrifice: from familial renunciation to Jephthah's lost daughter" (originally from 2012, "Child Sacrifice in Egyptian Monastic Culture: From Familial Renunciation to Jephthah's Lost Daughter" in the Journal of Early Christian Studies 20: 269–302), brings together topics as disparate as the killing of children and the renunciation of family affection. Schroeder shows how these hang together in a web of holy hierarchies, where obedience to God—and the line of authority figures representing him—trumps any bond within the biological family. She explores the complex intertextual relations between monastic stories and biblical models and the symbolic power of a practice that went against cultural norms. Biblical models like Jephtah and Abraham undeniably underlie such stories, but sacrificing one's child for a superior cause was also a Homeric theme and certainly familiar to monks with a Greek education. The final chapter in this section, chapter 5: "Monastic Family Values: The Healing of Children" (rooted in a 2011 publication, "Monastic Family Values: The Healing of Children in Late Antique Egypt" in Coptica 10: 21–28), discusses healing in both the literal and the symbolic sense—in other words, both biological and spiritual cures. Schroeder argues that the monastery thus took on the role of the household by providing care and moral education to the children. Although the monks' healing powers were ascribed to faith and asceticism, it seems inmates sometimes had medical expertise...

The healthy nutrition of the kindergarten child from the point of view of the teachers

Kindergarten is one of the basic educational stages for children under the age of five, in order to obtain integrated educational opportunities in general; In order to enhance their growth (physical, health, intellectual, psychological, emotional, and social), so that they are ready for the next school stage. The personality of the child and his preparation for the later stages depends primarily on the kindergarten teacher, whose role comes to teach him the most important skills of daily life, including how to choose healthy foods that are beneficial to the body while he is inclined to eat. The process of educating the kindergarten teacher in the field of healthy nutrition for the child is one of the educational goals that societies seek, and the aim of it is to help the child diversify in eating foods, develop good healthy habits for him, and help him understand the reasons for choosing different foods. Hence, we understand that the kindergarten teacher has a major role in recognizing the healthy nutritional characteristics that each child possesses, and for that, the researcher has set two goals through which it is possible to reach the degree of healthy nutrition possessed by kindergarten children, which are as follows: -1 The viewpoint of the teachers towards the degree of healthy nutrition prevailing in the kindergarten child. 2- The differences in the teachers’ point of view towards healthy nutrition for kindergarten children according to a variable of the presence of children (married women with children, married without children). For achieving the objectives of the research, the researcher resorted to withdrawing a sample consisting of (147) female teachers who are married only and who are dependents to the Baghdad Education Directorate in Rusafa First. A scale consisting of (22) items, and after the psychometric characteristics of its items were extracted, it became composed of (20) items. After analyzing the answers of the parameters, the results of the research showed the following: 1- Kindergarten children enjoy a normal level of healthy nutrition from the point of view of their teachers. 2- There is no effect of the variable of children's presence among married kindergarten teachers on their point of view about the degree of healthy nutrition prevailing among kindergarten children. The researcher also presented a set of recommendations and suggestions appropriate to the results of her research. Keywords: healthy nutrition, kindergarten child, kindergarten teacher.

Gambaran Resiliensi pada Istri Korban Covid-19

Covid-19 occurred in 2019-2021 made many deaths in around the world. Therefore, many families have lost their members. Losing family members will result in grief and role changes. This study aimed to reveal a picture of the resilience experienced by wives who lost their husbands died due to exposure to Covid-19. This study uses Qualitative method with a Phenomenological Strategy, involving a 29-year-old as a respondent or subject. The results show descriptions of a strong effort from subject as a wife which suffering a lost husband to get out of adiscard difficult situation. Self-esteem, spirituality, and positive emotions are factors owned by the wife to achieve a resilient itself. The external support factors as External factors that support are children's presence and support from people around, such as family and friends.

Decent work housebound: Recovery experiences of parents during the pandemic

The International Labor Organization considers that gender equality and hours for free time and adequate rest are part of the essential dimensions of decent work. This work aims to analyze parents' reinvigorating experiences in the situation of mandatory telework, controlled by job satisfaction. The research has been developed in Brazil, one of the countries most affected by the extension of the confinement entailing from political and economic decisions that have worsened the health crisis. The survey was responded to by 535 respondents, of which 286 were parents. Results show higher means between parents in experiences of relaxation, mastery, control, and psychological detachment. Although considered a high-protective strategy, the latter is little used by both parents. Another tendency found in the results is that children's presence at home negatively affects mothers more than fathers regarding job satisfaction with mandatory telework entailing from the pandemic. Balancing work and family is not an easy equation. It is even worse in a society where women, mainly mothers, blame themselves when they want to relax or decide to take on challenging activities. In the social light, it seems unsustainable to have more responsibility for family care, and this responsibility is not followed by recovery.

Levels of Parental Drinking in the Presence of Children: An Exploration of Attitudinal Correlates.

AimsThis study aimed to examine perceived social norms, the effect of parental drinking on these norms, alcohol use in front of children, and how norms and consumption vary based on child age and gender of the parent.MethodsA cross-sectional online panel survey was undertaken with n = 1000 Australian adults (including 670 parents) aged 18–59 years. The survey assessed: alcohol consumption in front of children; normative attitudes towards drinking in the presence of children; and perceived social norms.ResultsOverall, 33.9% of parents reported drinking a glass of alcohol each day or a couple of times a week, 18.2% reported getting slightly drunk and 7.8% indicated getting visibly drunk each day or a couple of times a week with their children present. In total, 37.5% reported drinking in front of their children at least weekly. Fathers were more likely to drink in front of children than mothers. Most parents deemed drinking small amounts of alcohol in front of children as acceptable but did not accept drunkenness. Respondents were less concerned about a father drinking one or two drinks in front of their children than a mother. Social expectations were not related to child age, but norms related to others’ perceived behaviour were.ConclusionsMany parents, particularly fathers consume alcohol in front of their children. There is a need to target health promotion strategies to adults and parents consuming in excess of health guidelines, and to the many parents who are consuming alcohol at higher levels in front of their children.

The Presence of Children on the Market of Commercial Sexual Services as a Response to Deviant Needs of Adults

Sexual needs are one of the essential needs of the human person. At least, in the course of the socialization the individual should aspire to getting the sexual satisfaction in the way adapted for the value and social norms. An unremitting demand for sexual services is an essential problem of the modern world as its demand is leading to this being provided by children.

Vulnerability Factors among Women Victimized by Intimate Partner Violence and the Presence of Children

This study aimed to a) examine the presence of children in relation to victim vulnerability factors and assessed risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) re-victimization, and b) examine the police response, in terms of risk management, in IPV cases with and without children, respectively. Data from a sample of 1407 women who had reported IPV victimization to the Swedish police was analyzed. The material consisted of risk assessments conducted by the police using the Swedish version of the Brief Spousal Assault Form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) checklist, as well as the recommended risk management strategies. A series of chi-square tests of independence revealed that women with and without children, respectively, displayed different vulnerability factors to different extents. Women with children expressed more extreme fear of the perpetrator and were more likely to have an unsafe living situation, whereas women without children displayed more inconsistent attitudes or behaviors and health problems. However, binary logistic regression analyses showed that the victim vulnerability factors that were most strongly associated with an elevated risk rating for IPV re-victimization were generally the same for both groups of victims. Finally, the presence of children was related to a higher risk rating for imminent IPV re-victimization and to recommendations of more than standard levels of risk management strategies. The results indicate that the Swedish police consider the presence of children in relation to a victim’s risk for re-victimization as well as in terms of recommended risk management strategies.

Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation by Family Structure and the Presence of Children in Metropolitan America

Racial and Ethnic Residential Segregation by Family Structure and the Presence of Children in Metropolitan America

Attunement and Paternal Characteristics in Care Relationships in the Presence of Children Diagnosed with Autism.

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have to address various challenges mainly due to their children’s atypia related to communication, emotion regulation and behaviors, arising also within the relationship with their caregivers. Several studies have pointed out that children with ASD can exhibit many difficulties regarding initiating and maintaining meaningful relationships with others. To date, little research has explored the interactions between children with ASD and their fathers, focusing more on mothers. In the context of parent–child interactions in the presence of autism, recent studies have highlighted the importance of parental attunement but there is little research considering solely the affective-bodily dimension. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the parental attunement in fathers of children with ASD observed during play interactions and to investigate the relationship between paternal attunement and the perception of their psychological characteristics related to care relationships. The results highlight that fathers who describe themselves as better in affective care and sensitivity toward others more likely have an absence of paternal attunement during play interactions. The data presented are discussed in the light of intervention hypotheses, aimed at improving the relationship between fathers and children with autism.

The effects of global migration of male children on left-behind parents’ family and social life: The case of Pakistan

As a human phenomenon, international migration has been affecting societies politically, economically, and socially for a more extended period. The present study tried to investigate the trends of international migration and their effects on the social life of the elderly parents left behind by their children, who at this age need love, care, support, and time from their children. The study adopted a quantitative research design by surveying three cities: Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir, chosen based on many international migration trends in these regions. A sample of 94 respondents drawn using a snowball sampling technique. The results were gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed statistically. The results show that most parents reported that their social contacts have changed in their children's presence as they get busy with their children. The study finds international migration as affecting the social life (Activities of Daily Life or ADL) of elderly parents. Moreover, many respondents stated that their relatives’ attitude was amiable, caring, and respectable in their children's absence. Lastly, a more significant number of respondents agreed that their food and sleep habit changed to tremendous and some extent in their kids’ presence. This research concludes that parents need support from their kids and assume themselves as dependents in their aging stage.

Gender and Presence of Children: Examining Media Uses, Informational Needs, and Source Preferences during the Flint, Michigan Water Crisis

In 2014, a water crisis emerged in Flint, Michigan. Using uses and gratifications theory as the guiding framework, this study examines if crisis-related media uses, informational needs, and source preferences are related to respondents’ gender and/or whether or not respondents had children. A random sample of 208 Flint residents yielded results that are largely consistent with extant research, although minor nuances were found. Media uses, preferred informational sources, and desire to receive future crisis-related health information varied between women and men. Women reported significantly higher use of Facebook and Instagram. However, there were not significant differences between genders or respondents with/without children regarding their future informational needs about crisis-related health topics. Results are discussed in relation to extant research, theory, and praxis. Limitations and future research are also discussed.

‘Doing nature’ and being a Guide: the problem of the town guide in the British Girl Guides Association, 1930–1960

PurposeTo explore the advice given by the British Girl Guides Association, a popular girls' youth organisation, to urban members in the period from 1930 to 1960.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on an analysis of the Girlguiding publications The Guide and The Guider in 30 years spanning 1930–1960.FindingsThe article shows that, although rural spaces maintained symbolic position in the education and training of the British Girl Guides Association throughout the mid-twentieth century, the use of urban spaces were central in ensuring that girls embodied Guiding principles on a day-to-day basis. While rural spaces, and especially the camp, have been conceptualised by scholars as ‘extraordinary’ spaces, this article argues that by encouraging girls to undertake nature study in their urban locality the organisation stressed the ordinariness of Guiding activity. In doing so, they encouraged girls to be an active presence in urban public space throughout the period, despite the fact that, as scholars have identified, the post-war period saw the increased regulation of children's presence in public spaces. Such findings suggest that the organisation allowed girls a modicum of freedom in town Guiding activities, although ultimately these were limited by expectations regarding the behaviour and conduct of members.Originality/valueThe article builds upon existing understandings of the Girl Guide organisation and mid-twentieth century youth movements. A number of scholars have recently argued for a more complex understanding of the relationship between urban and rural, outdoor and indoor spaces, within youth organisations in the 20th century. Yet the place of urban spaces in Girlguiding remains under-explored.

The Other Within Oneself: Understanding Care for a Family Member with Early‐Onset Dementia Through the Lens of Dividuality

AbstractIn this article, I use the concept of the dividual to analyze the dynamics at stake in a family caring for a member with early‐onset dementia. Drawing on anthropological fieldwork in the Netherlands, I argue that using a dividual framework reveals family dynamics that are overlooked when using an individual framework, and it allows one to better understand the emotional pain that family members experience during the care process. Approaching family members as fractal persons shows how their identity is composed of other family members and how this can lead to dilemmas and conflicts in the care situation. The majority of articles on dementia focus on dyadic relationships. This article advocates a systemic approach encompassing the whole family. Moreover, it underlines the importance of taking the historicity of family relations into account and not limiting the analysis to situational dynamics.

Fences of childhood: Challenging the meaning of playground boundaries in design

Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children's participation in public life. Fences of childhood, such as walls, fences, and enclosures, dominate children's “public” spatial experiences in the global north. Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences, this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective, emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections, on, through, and around it. Employing an ethnographic methodology, this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants. Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis, the fence emerges as a blurred boundary, that is, an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies. Rarely the subject of design discourse, these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence. Emergent themes, namely, indeterminacy, climbabilty, playability, and porosity, are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization. This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure, supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children's presence and play in the public realm.