Presence In Public Space Research Articles

Protecting Street Art and Graffiti as Artistic Works Under Indian Copyright Law: An Analysis

ABSTRACT Street art, known for its temporary nature and presence in public spaces, faces challenges in copyright protection. Despite these hurdles, street art is increasingly recognized as a legitimate artistic expression warranting copyright safeguards. This abstract explores how street art can be protected under copyright law, beginning with its definition and qualification as an artistic work under copyright statutes. It addresses practical and legal issues such as authorship, ownership, and the impact of public location. This study illustrates different approaches to protecting street art through circumstances and some legal precedents. It also examines the role of moral rights and public interest in balancing artists' rights with property rights and urban aesthetics. The abstract proposes legal reforms or policy interventions to enhance copyright protection for street art while maintaining its cultural integrity, contributing to the discourse on the intersection of copyright law and urban art.

Urban Pakistan and women’s mobility in securitised Lahore

ABSTRACT This article examines how policing affects women’s mobilities in the context of Lahore, Pakistan, and how it shapes sense of belonging and citizenship in the wider public sphere. Research on urban Pakistan is sparse to begin with, even more so with regards to surveillance of public space and the intersection of class, gender, and ethnicity in structuring women’s mobilities. While there are some examples of quantitative research that examine attitudes towards the police, as well as work on gender and mobilities, no existing literature examines the two in conjunction with each other. Through qualitative interviews with ten women between the ages of 21 and 55, this article examines the affective experience of negotiating the exclusions and restrictions enforced by the state through law enforcement, as well as how boundaries of class are spatialised alongside gender. The findings of my research indicate that at best there is a strong sense of ambivalence towards the police, and a sense of fear at worst. The police play a vital role in enforcing a gendered public morality to restrict women from engaging in ‘deviant’ behaviour, such as smoking in public or wearing Western clothing. Furthermore, my research examines the strategies that women employ to ‘manage’ their presence in public spaces in response to state surveillance and control. Crucially, it also takes a critical look at how class privilege structures participants’ understandings of their own positionality within public spaces, and how they instrumentalise these privileges to ‘protect’ themselves.

Delivering the Future: Understanding User Perceptions of Delivery Robots

Delivery robots are increasingly becoming part of our urban landscape. However, the general public is divided about their presence in public spaces; some welcome their usefulness, while others see them as intrusive or even threatening. This study aims to understand users' perceptions of these robots to provide concrete insights into their further development. First, we used text mining to analyze people's reactions to popular YouTube videos featuring delivery robots. Based on these findings, we applied the scenario-based design method to develop scenarios illustrating user interactions with delivery robots. We then conducted in-depth interviews with 30 participants to explore their views on these scenarios. Our analysis highlighted several design issues, including robots' aesthetics, interactions with pedestrians, and the broader physical and regulatory framework. We also identified common concerns and positive expectations for these robots. From these findings, we propose design implications for the future of delivery robots.

Women’s Struggles for Empowerment in Bangladesh

Women have made substantial gains in health, education, and political representation in Bangladesh, which has been led by female prime ministers since 1991. Women play a key role in the garment industry, the country’s main export sector, and entrepreneurial ventures funded by microcredit loans have also boosted women’s empowerment. But entrenched patriarchal norms have pushed back against these changes, limiting women’s mobility, their presence in public spaces, their sexuality, and their reproductive choices.

Wartości niematerialne i turystyka przestrzeni publicznych w starożytnym centrum Neapolu (Włochy)

The identity of the ancient city centre of Naples has been historically founded on the co-existence of tangible and intangible values underpinning a compact fabric of centuries-old architectural and urban stratifications. Their lasting character and presence in public spaces contributes to the image of Naples as an authentic and multi-layered city, recognized as Historic Urban Landscape and listed as a World Heritage Site twenty-eight years later. At the same time, preservation of these values poses a challenge with regard to the change of roles in some public spaces due to material, economic and social pressure, particularly touristification. This cyclical process determined by physical transformations of the urban configuration and new functional characterization of “overtouristic” areas is especially affecting public spaces located along the main tourist routes in the ancient centre, for example the churchyard of Santa Chiara. The article aims to reflect on the prospects of these areas, examining the role played by touristification in the conservation of their identity as crucial in the management of historic urban preservation. This is supplemented with more general reflections on significant spaces such as churchyards and gardens, which are turned into public areas, shaping both cities and their citizens, with the aim to define the right balance between the reasons behind development and the conservation of heritage and authenticity.

Public spaces and circumscribed spaces of the collective memory: A research on the location of commemorative monuments

This research presents three archival studies conducted on three different databases, on the location of memorials. Study 1 compares French monuments dedicated to the Wars of 1870–1871 (defeat) and 1914–1918 (victory). We note a proportionally greater presence in public spaces of monuments dedicated to the 1914–1918 War. Study 2 concerns the memorials to political repression in the Russian Federation, erected before and after 1991 (date of promulgation of a victim rehabilitation law). Results show an increase of presence of monuments in the public space starting from 1991. Study 3 concerns the location of monuments dedicated to the Second World War in the Russian Federation. No significant variation in the locations of these monuments is observed between 1951 and 2010. The results of these studies suggest that the location of monuments could be a relevant indicator to assess the way a society views a commemorated event at a given moment.

Fervent Christians: Orthodox activists in Russia as publics and counterpublics

ABSTRACT In the post-Soviet context liberal publics in Russia often see the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate as a satellite of the state and its collaborator. Attempts by Church representatives, sometimes self-appointed, to enlarge the Church’s presence in public space are perceived by secular publics as violating certain principles fundamental to the functioning of the public sphere: individual membership and independence from the state. Consequently, individual religious activists and associations of believers – Orthodox brotherhoods and sisterhoods, charity projects and other initiatives affiliated with the Church – function as counterpublics which feel excluded from the common public sphere and form alternative public spheres. This contribution focuses on the public actions of a female religious activist in a big city in the Urals who presents herself as speaking on behalf of the church people, often aiming to establish or defend visible religious symbols in the city landscape.

Ethnographic semantics and documentary method in criminology. A combination of reconstructive approaches using the example of Municipal Law Enforcement Services

Although a common German sociological methodology, the documentary method has rarely been received outside the German-speaking region or in the field of criminology in general. Additionally, while ethnographic semantics is a recognized means of analysis in the field of ethnography, it is less known in criminological research. This paper proposes that the approaches in themselves but especially a combination of both allow for a deeper understanding of the cultural practices, everyday routines, and implicit knowledge of security actors. While the police are a constant focus of criminological and social science research, the study of Municipal Law Enforcement Services (MLES), particularly qualitative approaches, have been largely neglected, despite the increasing number of municipalities implementing their own security personnel. Consequently, their increased presence in public space warrants further investigation. The added value of linking two reconstructive approaches to analysis is demonstrated using MLES as an example. Thereby, both the advantages of such a combination for criminological research and new insights regarding the ways MLES interact with people in public space are illustrated. The research follows an ethnomethodological design and is based on expert interviews and participant observation. The paper addresses peripheral issues on three levels: the use of a previously geographically limited method of data analysis, an innovative triangulation of approaches to analysis that has not yet been applied in international criminological research as well as the presentation of German MLES as an under-researched subject.

Common Areas, Common Causes: Public Space in High-Rise Buildings During Covid-19

This article explores forms of public space that have been rendered palpable during the Covid-19 pandemic: public spaces in high-rise buildings. We consider both physical and social public space in this context, thinking about the safety of both common areas and amenities in buildings and the emergence of new publics around the conditions of tower living during the pandemic (particularly focusing on tenant struggles). We determine that the planning, use, maintenance, and social production of public space in high-rise buildings are topics of increasing concern and urgency and that the presence of public space in the vertical built forms and lifestyles proliferating in urban regions complicates common understandings of public space. We argue that the questions raised by the pandemic call upon us to reconsider the meanings of public space.

The Status of Women in Kurdish Society and the Extent of Their Interactions in Public Realm

Apart from the traditional Kurdish gender regime, which originates from the Kurdish tribal structure and which to some extent restricts the visibility of women in society, the status of Kurdish women is considered to be relatively high in comparison with that of their neighbors, since Kurdish women enjoy relative tolerance in society. This includes the possibility of reaching high professional positions, their presence in public spaces, and entertaining guests in the absence of their husbands. Certain socio-economic and political transformations took place in recent decades, which improved Kurdish women’s social standing, turning it into a symbol representing fundamental change in the gender role model in the Middle East. Although there are some studies on the status of Kurdish women in different individual Kurdish regions throughout the Middle East, not many reviews have compared the four parts of Kurdistan simultaneously, and there are hardly any specific analyses dealing with Kurdish women’s interactions in public spaces. This review aims to investigate the status of women in Kurdish society in different Kurdish regions according to a comparative approach. Although the path of Kurdish female emancipation was initiated first in the region of Rojhalat in 1946 and the Kurdish region of Iraq was granted some opportunities toward national liberation in 1991, the Bakur in Turkey can be considered a successful movement, establishing a sustained approach to the liberation of Kurdish women from patriarchal structures. During the Rojava Revolution in northern Syria, this movement proved itself able to build an indigenous alternative to Western-type egalitarian societies.

سیر تحول گفتمان جنسیتی در ایران مدرن

Historically, Iranian women have endeavoured to access public spaces in society in various ways. During the Pahlavi era, women practically participated in national debates on gender and family protection law reform. At the time, a number of factors – from the unveiling decree to women’s increasing presence in public spaces to the encouragement and promotion of norm-based socialization – caused disruption in all-male spaces of society. Although modernity and social changes between 1900 and 1979 led to the establishment of heterosexuality as the fundamental norm of society, the Islamic Republic has always sought to rebuild a gender-apartheid society. The regime has always been involved in shaping the discourses of sexuality and gender through the imposition of the hijab, the reversal of reforms related to the family protection law, and the endorsement of polygamy and temporary marriage. Whereas the Islamic Revolution transformed women’s status in society four decades ago, today Iranian women are revolutionizing with a determined and calm desire for sexual and physical independence. In today’s Iran, mothers and daughters from different socio-economic backgrounds are fighting together for equality and freedom of choice.

STRATEGIC PLANNING FOR OPTIMIZING FLORA PARKS IN SURABAYA BASED ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Public Green Open Space is one of the important components for managing the city. The Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service in terms of providing public green open space, namely the Flora Park. Flora Park is one of the parks in Surabaya that has the potential to fulfill community rights arising from the presence of public spaces, this can be seen from its strategic location and diversity of facilities. In achieving the optimization of the Flora Park, the Surabaya City Government has explained in the Strategic Plan (RENSTRA) of the Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service for 2016-2021, namely through the Green Open Space Management Program which includes activities for the arrangement of green open spaces, maintenance, and procurement of park and trail facilities. Green, and Maintenance and Procurement of Recreational Park Facilities and Infrastructure. Therefore, researchers chose the focus of strategic planning carried out by the Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service.This study aims to identify, identify and analyze the strategic planning carried out by the Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service in optimizing the Flora Park based on sustainable development in the city of Surabaya and to analyze the driving factors and inhibiting factors of strategic planning in the optimization of the Flora Park in the city of Surabaya. The type of research used in the preparation of this research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach.The results of this study indicate that the strategic planning in optimizing the Flora Park carried out by the Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service has been running quite smoothly. The strategy of the Surabaya City Cleanliness and Green Open Space Service in optimizing the Public Flora Park based on sustainable development is following the 3 pillars contained in sustainable development which include social-based strategies, economic-based strategies, and environment-based strategies. The driving factor in optimizing the Flora Park in Surabaya is having institutions or organizations involved in optimizing the Flora Park in Surabaya, green open space management programs, having human resources, very high community participation, and collaboration with the private sector. While the inhibiting factor that can affect the success of the optimization of the Flora Park in Surabaya is limited funds for the implementation of activities.

Riding to Learn, Learning to Ride: Early School-busing in Connecticut, 1900–1945

Riding to Learn, Learning to Ride: Early School-busing in Connecticut, 1900–1945

Entrevista com Sara York: A Travesti da/na educação. Entrevista sobre atuação e vida da professora Sara Wagner York.

Entrevista sobre a inserção de (minhas) experiências docências e pessoais, para compreender as distâncias e aproximações entre o campo educacional e um corpo travesti, foram fundantes para cartografar a vida social do corpo trans/travesti nos fluxos desse acesso à pós-graduação. Outra questão levantada foram as condições de possibilidade para o acesso e a permanência de pessoas trans/travestis na universidade, que des(a)fiam os limites da política de cotas. Os efeitos de nossas presenças em espaços públicos, entre eles a escola, geram um bolsão que produz e flerta com várias pedagogias e estéticas da existência. Entrevista feita via conferência pela internet, na plataforma Youtube onde participaram.

Can a veiled Muslim woman speak? A feminist analysis of Shelina Zahra Janmohamed’s Love in a Headscarf (2010)

ABSTRACT Women’s presence in public spaces frequently attracts public gaze. More than any other item of clothing, women’s usage of the veil in public has generated controversy. Though the practice of veiling has been commonly held to preserve feminine modesty (in Christianity, Judaism and Islam); in modern times it is distinctively identified as an Islamic practice through which Muslim women are stereotyped as bodies deprived of sexuality and femininity. This study, using the framework of Islamophobia theorized by Allen, has explored the causes and effects of Islamophobic victimization of a veiled Muslim woman in Love in a Headscarf, a memoir written by Shelina Janmohamed. As a practicing Muslim who veils as an act of love for God and commitment to modesty, and as an immigrant who is acquainted with Western modernism, Janomohamed alludes to the wide gap between the perception of the veil, as a symbol of oppression, and the experience of veiling, as an empowering activity. Building on her identification, this paper concludes that recognition of the feminine, and the feminist sensibility of Muslim women who choose to veil their bodies is needed to understand the nexus between the veil, Islamophobia and oppression.

Monumentos religiosos como um novo tipo de objeto: genealogia e atualidade de uma forma de presença católica no espaço público

Partindo de uma situação etnográfica que envolve a construção recente de uma estátua de grandes proporções que representa uma santa católica, este texto busca apontar pistas que respondam à seguinte questão: o que faz um monumento? Articula inspirações que orientam a antropologia dos objetos com referências que constroem uma abordagem material da religião. Toma o Cristo Redentor em sua concepção e realização como protótipo de um novo tipo de objeto religioso. Considerando a crise que assola os paradigmas monumentais definidos até o início do século XX, constata a persistência de objetos que reiteram representações realistas e colossais de personagens religiosas. Sugere que esses monumentos religiosos recentes servem menos para uma função memorial e mais para estabelecer certas formas de presença católica no espaço público.

خنک سازی محیطهای شهری و تأثیر آن بر تغییرات اقلیمی در محلات سنتی و سکونتگاههای غیررسمی از طریق آسایش حرارتی بیرونی (نمونه موردی محلات عاملی ، قلعه ساختمان و شهرک حجت شهر مشهد)

خنک سازی محیطهای شهری و تأثیر آن بر تغییرات اقلیمی در محلات سنتی و سکونتگاههای غیررسمی از طریق آسایش حرارتی بیرونی (نمونه موردی محلات عاملی ، قلعه ساختمان و شهرک حجت شهر مشهد)

Chican@ Práctica Artística: La actuación de la comunidaden el espacio público disputado

The article argues that it can be stated that Chican@ artistic practice has a strong affinity with community building. In this sense, Chican@ art practice holds a long tradition of seeking presence in public space in order to form, question and democratically promote communal bonding. The Chican@ art practice is largely hemispheric and refuses any national classification. In a cultural interspace between Mexican and American communities, Chican@ artists, musicians, and writers tend to engage in aesthetic and community-building cross-border projects. The article explores Chican@ performance culture from El Teatro de Campesino to contemporary border plays and performances of Guillermo Gómez-Peña and argues that artistic practices of Chican@ artists and activists have consciously sought to infiltrate public space and thus transform the public sphere through theater, art, and music in public settings.

‘Doing nature’ and being a Guide: the problem of the town guide in the British Girl Guides Association, 1930–1960

PurposeTo explore the advice given by the British Girl Guides Association, a popular girls' youth organisation, to urban members in the period from 1930 to 1960.Design/methodology/approachThis article is based on an analysis of the Girlguiding publications The Guide and The Guider in 30 years spanning 1930–1960.FindingsThe article shows that, although rural spaces maintained symbolic position in the education and training of the British Girl Guides Association throughout the mid-twentieth century, the use of urban spaces were central in ensuring that girls embodied Guiding principles on a day-to-day basis. While rural spaces, and especially the camp, have been conceptualised by scholars as ‘extraordinary’ spaces, this article argues that by encouraging girls to undertake nature study in their urban locality the organisation stressed the ordinariness of Guiding activity. In doing so, they encouraged girls to be an active presence in urban public space throughout the period, despite the fact that, as scholars have identified, the post-war period saw the increased regulation of children's presence in public spaces. Such findings suggest that the organisation allowed girls a modicum of freedom in town Guiding activities, although ultimately these were limited by expectations regarding the behaviour and conduct of members.Originality/valueThe article builds upon existing understandings of the Girl Guide organisation and mid-twentieth century youth movements. A number of scholars have recently argued for a more complex understanding of the relationship between urban and rural, outdoor and indoor spaces, within youth organisations in the 20th century. Yet the place of urban spaces in Girlguiding remains under-explored.

Being (co-)present: Reflecting the personal and public spheres of asylum seeking in relation to connectivity

This article links the personal use/meaning of information and communications technology for refugees and asylum seekers with their visibility/invisibility in public spaces. More precisely, it gives insights into how the personal and public spheres of asylum seeking interrelate when discussing connectivity. In doing so, I discuss the following research questions: How is connectivity embedded in refugees and asylum seekers’ everyday practices? And in addition, in which ways does this personal dimension interact with the public (structural level), given their increased presence in public spaces? In order to respond to the research questions, a qualitative-ethnographic approach was chosen for this study by adopting different research methods: Participatory observations, semi-structured interviews, expert interviews, and document analysis. Such an approach is fundamental to avoid a media-centric analysis without accounting for offline contextual lives, power relations, and experiences. As the results show the meaning of connectivity within the asylum experience raises a public as well as a personal dimension. As such the meaning of the Internet is based on the agency of asylum seekers given restricted access to public spaces and social support offline. Thus, the results reveal that both Internet access and experiences of transnationalism/displacement constitute and configure connectivity. Following this line of argument, connectivity widely compensates for the spaces of action, spaces of learning, spaces of interaction, and spaces for information that are missing offline, in the process of emplacing themselves in a new environment.