Prescriptive Theory Research Articles

Effect of Contrast Bath on Level of Neuropathic Pain among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetic neuropathy is a chronic sequela of DM and contrast bath is a non-pharmacological treatment modality which can reduce neuropathic pain among them. The present study was intended to assess the effect of contrast bath on level of neuropathic pain among patients with T2DM. The main objectives of the study were to assess the level of neuropathic pain among patients with T2DM, assess the effect of contrast bath on level of neuropathic pain and to determine the association between the neuropathic pain and socio demographic and clinical variables. The research approach was quantitative and the design adopted was quasi experimental. Sample consists of 60 patients with T2DM having neuropathic pain attending OPDs of Ananthapuri hospital selected by consecutive sampling technique. The conceptual framework adopted for the study was Wiedenbach’s Prescriptive theory. A structured interview schedule was used to collect socio demographic and clinical variables and Galer Neuropathy Pain Scale for assessing the neuropathic pain. Pre-test was done for both groups. After explanation and ensuring safety contrast bath was administered to experimental group for 20 minutes. Post-test was done by using the same tool for both experimental and control group. Mean, frequency, percentage were used to describe the data. Independent t test was used to assess the effect of contrast bath and association of level of neuropathic pain with socio demographic and clinical variables. The results revealed statistically significant (p<0.01) difference in the mean score of neuropathic pain in the experimental and control group after intervention. There was no significant association between level of neuropathic pain and socio demographic and clinical variables. The study infers that contrast bath is a simple non pharmacological home-based cost-effective intervention which can improve the daily functional abilities of patients with DM and thereby enhancing their quality of life.

Who ought to look towards the horizon? A qualitative study on the collective social responsibility of scientific research

There is a growing concern for the proper role of science within democratic societies, which has led to the development of new science policies for the implementation of social responsibility in research. Although the very expression ‘social responsibility of science’ may be interpreted in different ways, many of these emerging policy frameworks define it, at least in part, as a form of anticipative reflection about the potential impacts of research in society. What remains a rather under-discussed issue is the definition of the bearer of the social responsibility of science. In other words, it is not clear who is supposed to engage in such an anticipative reflection, whether individual researchers or research groups. In the past few years, philosophers of science have begun to use qualitative research methods to fill the gaps between normative models of the organisation of ideal scientific communities and the reality of actual scientific practices. In this article, I follow this approach to discuss the issue of the collective dimension of the social responsibility of science. I rely on a qualitative study conducted on an interdisciplinary research group and I describe how group dynamics position individuals and distribute duties and roles, including social responsibility. Qualitative descriptions of the distribution of duties within actual research groups should inform the formulation of general prescriptive theories on the collective responsibility of science.

Knowledge generation between design, data and theory

Design-based research (DBR) is a diversified research genre: The combination of two worlds – that of research and that of education – and the different backgrounds and intentions of those involved entail different emphases, epistemological ideas, ideas on valuable outcomes and normative claims. This becomes visible in very different kinds of reasoning: No uniform structure of argumentation can be discerned, and so far, a differentiation into clear DBR types has not been convincingly achieved. This is a challenge for the orientation of DBR novices, the quality review of DBR studies, and the legitimation of DBR in the field of educational research. This article provides an empirical contribution to the discussion on argumentation: In a literature review, DBR studies are examined regarding their outcomes, the rationales authors use to justify their outcomes and indications for specific challenges in DBR reasoning. The analysis confirms for the sample that preliminary, prescriptive theory is most common alongside diverse practical outcomes. Authors often justify them with emphasis on variation, iteration, cooperation, and data triangulation. Different (standard) orientations, multi-level reasoning, and sub-studies present challenges for authors and readers, going back to the complexity of DBR projects. To justify their results in a comprehensible way, authors are confronted with the task to actively select an argumentation strategy.

Conjecturing is not all

Although generating empirically grounded theoretical contributions has been an essential aim of design research from the beginning, the underlying methodology has been described as in need for further elaboration with respect to rigor. Existing methodological elaborations on theorizing in design research often focus on argumentative grammar of strengthening prescriptive conjectures. Beyond these, this paper argues that prescriptive theory elements require generating categorial, descriptive, and explanatory theory elements before the suggested argumentative grammars can be treated. With an example from a design research study for professional development, the immense work of elaborating categorial and explanatory theory elements is illustrated that is needed before concise prescriptive conjectures can be made and tested.

Integrating a Gamified Digital Application in Naturebased Settings to Improve Physical Activity and Health Outcomes Among Central Pennsylvanians: Using a Socioecological, Cross-disciplinary Guiding Framework

Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a community-facilitated, digital application intervention at increasing physical activity in central Pennsylvania. Methods: We employed a game-based digital application within partnership- guided, nature-based programming to encourage physical activity. Partnerships with local healthcare and park/ recreation entities were established to facilitate recruitment and intervention sustenance. Self-reported psychological and physiological changes were evaluated in a repeated-measures design, contextualized by thematic coding of qualitative responses, and interpreted via the Park Prescription Theory of Change. Results: Partnerships were formed among 3 local healthcare entities, Berks Nature, and community organizations to conduct the intervention. There were increases in physical activity duration and time spent outdoors. We identified positive, consistent trends in perceptions of healthful behaviors and quality of life, health satisfaction, and perceived accessibility and barriers. There were low rates of allergies or wheezing. The game-based application improved sentiments of belongingness and familial engagement. These findings mostly aligned with the Park Prescription Theory of Change. Conclusions: An innovative, cross-disciplinary means to improve physical activity can inform approaches at the regional or national level, as well as guide legislative efforts in public health, environmental policy, and urban planning.

IMPLEMENTASI RESEP STANDAR DALAM MENJAGA KONSISTENSI KUALITAS MAKANAN (STUDI DI RESTORAN SEADUCTION FRII HOTEL BALI ECHO BEACH CANGGU BALI)

The basic function of standard recipes as a control over food preparation. Processing food using standard recipes will produce dishes that are consistent in terms of taste and quality. FRii Hotel Bali Echo Beach is a three-star hotel that applies standard recipes on handling food processing. This research was conducted to find out how standard recipes is implemented at the Seaduction FRii Hotel Bali Echo Beach Restaurant as well as the obstacles in the implementation process, and efforts to overcome them. This research uses standard prescription theory. The data analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative which describes, illustrates and explains in detail the problems studied. Data collection methods used include observation, interviews and documentation study. The research results show that (a) the implementation of standard recipes at the Seaduction Restaurant is carried out using a training method consisting of making standard recipes, briefings and practice, as well as controlling the supply and preparation of raw materials, preparation of cooking utensils, manufacturing process and serving; (b) The restaurant faced obstacles in the process of implementing standard recipes so efforts are made to overcome these obstacles by monitoring discipline, warnings, and even certain funishment.

Effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on knowledge regarding management of home accidents among mothers of under-five children

Background: A pre-experimental study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programmeon knowledge regarding management of home accidents among mothers of under five childrenin selected community areas, Tumkur, Karnataka. A total sample of 60 mothers of under-fivechildren were selected using the simple random sampling technique. The objectives of the study were to assess the knowledgeregarding management of home accidents among mothers of under five children before and after structured teachingprogramme and to find out the effectiveness of structuredteaching programme on knowledge regarding management of home accidents among mothers of under five children. The final objective was to determine the knowledge regarding themanagement of home accidents and selected demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A one-group pre-test post-test design was used to conduct the study. A sample comprising of 60 mothers of under-five children were enrolled using simple random sampling technique. The conceptual framework used in the study was based onErnestine Wiedenbach’s Prescriptive Theory. Results: Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study revealed that the mean post-test knowledge score 25.57±3.202 was significantly higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score 12.20±3.704 (p<0.05). Paired t value computed at 30.28* was statistically significant at p<0.05, which revealed that, there is significant increase in the mean post-test knowledge score. Significant association at 0.05level was observed between knowledge with regard to age, religion, educational status and educational status of the spouse. Conclusion: The findings of the study confirmed that the structured teaching programme was significantly effective in improving the knowledgeregarding management of home accidents among mothers of under five children.

The nurse manager support process in the work-family conflict of clinical nurses: a qualitative study.

Nurses are exposed to work-family conflict because of the high expectations associated with the workplace and family demands. Nurse managers' support for work-family conflict requires theoretical principles. The current study explores managers' experiences of work-life conflict and how they manage this. Grounded theory is used to explain the theoretical principles of nursing managers' support to clinical nurses. Participants included 20 managers and 2 clinical nurses working in one hospital. The data collection method used unstructured interviews. Sampling was first purposive and then theoretical, and data analysis was carried out using Corbin and Strauss's approach. Participants' primary concern was the threat to their organisational position, and they used a functional-exchangeable conservation strategy to consolidate their own positions. The strategy resulted in the consolidation of managers' and nurses' positions. Two factors were identified as influencing nurse managers' strategies, namely 'the sense of insecurity in the functional position' with a deterrent effect, and 'cooperative atmosphere' as a facilitator with a positive effect. The most important supportive strategy used by nurse managers in the work-family conflict of clinical nurses was based on 'functional-exchangeable conservation' between themselves and the nursing staff. Functional- exchangeable protection is a type of protection of human resources by the manager. In this exchange, to solve the conflict between work and family for the nurse, the nursing manager wants to maintain their managerial position by solving the nurse's problem. Both of them benefit from this exchange. The theory of functional-exchangeable protection may provide the necessary background for the development of a prescriptive theory to minimise nurses' worries about family matters. Flexible work schedules may help nurses resolve work-family conflict and so provide better care and reduce work errors. The concept of functional-exchangeable protection and its subclasses may be helpful in preparing policies to support clinical nurses through implementing flexible work schedules, increasing nurses' motivation and fulfilling the family role of nurses.

Transition to the Role of Family Caregiver of Older Adults After a Stroke: A Specific Theory

Introduction: Nursing professionals develop situation-specific theories to describe, explain, and provide comprehensive care during a family member’s transition to the caregiver role. Objective: To develop a situation-specific theory about the transition to the role of family caregiver of older adults after a stroke. Methodology: The integrating approach by Meleis and Im was applied, which consists of five stages: 1) Description of the context and target population, 2) Verification of assumptions regarding the philosophical stance, 3) Exploration of multiple sources, 4) Theorization of concepts, and 5) Proposal of empirical indicators for validation and verification. Results: The prescriptive theory was developed in the light of Afaf Meleis’ Theory of Transitions and was supported by an exhaustive literature review, with four underlying concepts: Situational transition to the family caregiver role, Care-related knowledge and skills, Self-confidence and coping in adopting the caregiver role, and Nursing therapeutic education. The following assumption emerges from these concepts: a healthy transition to the family caregiver role is directly dependent on the care-related knowledge and skills provided by Nursing therapeutic education to develop self-confidence and coping in adopting the caregiver role. Conclusions: The proposal provides a conceptual framework that identifies the transition challenges and needs faced by family caregivers to adopt the role of caregivers of older adults after a stroke.

Model-based preference quantification

Any prescriptive theory of decision-making (DM) has to cope with the common DM agents’ inability to fully specify their preferences dependent on several attributes. The paper provides the needed preference completion and quantification for fully probabilistic design (FPD) of DM strategies. FPD (covering the usual Bayesian DM) probabilistically models the agent’s environment and quantifies its preferences via an ideal probabilistic model of the closed DM loop. The probability density (pd) models (closed-loop) behaviour, a collection of involved random variables. Its ideal twin is high on desired behaviours, small on undesired and zero on forbidden ones. The FPD-optimal strategy minimises the Kullback-Leibler divergence (KLD) of the closed-loop modelling pd to the ideal twin. The exposed preference quantification chooses the optimal ideal pd from the set of pds compatible with partially-specified agent’s preferences. The optimal ideal pd minimises the KLD minima reached by the optimal strategies for respective imminent ideal pds. This preference-focused twin of the minimum KLD principle was applied to special sets of ideal pds. The paper extends them towards exploration and balancing contradictory wishes on states and actions.

Methodological approach to recovery correct functioning of embedded systems at the level of programmable element base

The article proposes a methodical approach to restoring the proper functioning of specialized microprocessor control systems at the level of the programmable element base. This approach includes two stages. At the first stage, the main task of technical diagnostics is solved, namely the recognition of the state of a specialized microprocessor system, which includes: assessment of the technical state, forecasting, detection and localization of malfunctions. This task is solved by detecting errors in the operation of a specialized microprocessor control system, which are caused by the failure and failure of digital devices, errors in software, or other reasons, using existing control methods, as well as localization of malfunctions of a specialized microprocessor control system, using methods of test and functional diagnostics digital devices that are part of the system under consideration. At the second stage, the correct functioning of the specialized microprocessor control system is restored by reconfiguring its internal structure at the level of logical elements. At the same time, the reconfiguration of the internal structure is based on the position of the prescriptive theory, which considers the issue of purposeful management of objects of various nature, which are in a state of "conflict" with other objects. The implementation of the proposed approach in the future can be the basis for the design of active fault-tolerant systems that will be able to counteract failures a hardware and software nature as a result of internal or external adverse actions.

A Combination The Prophetic Leadership (LI) With The Ki Hajar Dewantara Leadership (L2) For Reinforcement The Bureaucratic Reformation Results

The combination of prophetic leadership and trilogy leadership concepts is called as neo-prophetic leadership. The neo-prophetic leadership covers prophets characteristics and Dewantaras teachings. Combining two leadership models -then becoming L1L2- is believed able to increase result of bureaucratic reformation. The combination referred to descriptive and prescriptive theories which were developed from theoretical and empirical perspectives. In this writing, L1 as a symbol of Prophetic Leadership, and L2 as a symbol of Dewantaras Leadership which he is a bringer of leadership trilogy teachings. This is a leadership prescription that derived from eternal universal values -prophetic- while still maintaining local wisdom values -trilogy- which its effectiveness detail explained descriptively. L1L2 need to be tested by leaders and placed in the organization as a laboratory to try out.

Reveal the Patterns of Prescriptions for Recurrent Respiratory Tract Infections' Treatment Based on Multiple Illustrious Senior Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners.

Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTIs) are one of the most common diseases in children and adolescents. The causes of RRTIs are various. In addition to the factors related to infection, basic diseases such as respiratory system, immune system, and digestive system are also involved. The cost of patients' frequent medical treatment and hospitalization has been deemed to be a heavy burden to the society and family. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is commonly used to treat RRTIs. TCM treatment has been appraised to be effective, for reducing the number of hospital stays. Illustrious senior TCM practitioners of pediatrics are recognized as a group of outstanding physicians with significantly better patient outcomes. However, different illustrious senior TCM practitioners can lead to differences in treatment strategies due to factors such as region, prescription theory, and individual differences of patients. This makes it difficult for the experience of illustrious senior TCM practitioners to be popularized. However, there have been no prescription mining studies for the treatment of RRTIs based on different and multiple illustrious senior TCM practitioners. We explored the core prescriptions and drug mechanisms through data mining based on the prescriptions of illustrious senior TCM practitioners treating RRTIs from different clinical settings. This is important to promote the effective treatment of RRTIs with TCM. The objective of this study is to reveal the strategies (core prescriptions) from the prescriptions of multiple illustrious senior TCM practitioners for the treatment of RRTIs. We hope that this core prescription can help all TCM pediatricians to improve RRTIs children's outcome. Meanwhile, it could provide a new way for researchers to study the treatment of RRTIs. In this study, we prospectively collected 400 children's prescriptions with RRTIs receiving TCM treatment from four illustrious senior TCM practitioners in different hospitals. We described and analyzed the characteristics of TCM prescriptions. The prescription regularity was analyzed by hierarchical clustering and association rules. Network pharmacology methods has been used to reveal the pathway mechanism of core prescriptions which have been mined and visualized with the help of SymMap, Genecards, KEGG, Metascape databases, and R. The execution of all methods was completed in May 2022. According to RRTIs multiple clinical syndromes, five new prescriptions were obtained based on illustrious senior TCM practitioners. Among them, the prescription composed of Scutellariae radix (Huangqin), Armeniacae semen amarum (Kuxingren), Peucedani radix (Qianhu), and Pheretima (Dilong) is the core strategy for the treatment of RRTIs. Cold herbs and heat herbs in the core prescription are approximately equal. Scutellariae radix (Huangqin) was dominant, and other herbs exert synergistic effects. The core prescription covered 76 pathways and 226 herb-disease genes. It promotes the differentiation of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells and the secretion of inflammatory factors through toll-like receptor signaling pathway in the immune system, T cell receptor signaling pathway, and PPAR signaling pathway in the endocrine system, thereby exerting immune regulation and anti-inflammation. In this study, we revealed the prescription regularity of TCM in the treatment of RRTIs and analyzed the mechanism of core prescriptions, which provided new ideas for the treatment of RRTIs.

Ocimum Sanctum Linn Extract As An Adjuvant Therapy For Effective Glycaemic Control In Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Ocimum sanctum Linn extract as an adjuvant therapy for effective glycaemic control in type II diabetes mellitus, a case control study was conducted at selected hospitals of Sangli, Miraj, Kupwad corporation area. The objectives of the study were to assess the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients before and after treatment with Ocimum sanctum Linn extract combined with oral hypoglycaemic agent and to compare these blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups. The hypothesis H0 was that there would be no significant difference between after the administration of Ocimum sanctum Linn leaves extract on blood sugar level of experimental and control group and H1 there is significant difference between pre-test and post-test blood sugar level of experimental and control group. The study used the quantitative research approach. The conceptual framework was used in this study was ERNESTINE WIEDENBACHS PRESCRIPTIVE THEORY. Total 60 samples were selected for the study by non-probability convenient sampling technique (30 for experimental 30 for control group). Experimental group had given Ocimum sanctum Linn extract with OHA for 20 days,whereas control group continued OHA treatment only. Demographic variables and blood glucose level data was collected. The data was analysed using the descriptive and inferential statistics such as mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage were utilised as well as inferential analysis such as chi square test, paired t and unpaired t test. The study results suggested that the mean value of pre and post-test fasting blood glucose levels in the experimental group were 166.00 and 132.37 mg% respectively. The mean pre-test and post-test fasting blood glucose levels in control group were 169.63 and 163.50 mg% respectively. The mean value of pre and post-test post prandial blood glucose levels in the experimental group were 170.27 and 141.31 mg% respectively. The mean pre-test and post-test post prandial blood glucose levels in control group were 166.47 and 159.87 mg% respectively. The result of comparison of post prandial blood glucose levels in experimental and control groups had calculatedt value of 50.18 and pvalueof0.000 which suggests that there is a significant difference in the post prandialblood sugar levels of the experimental and the control groups. The study concluded that Ocimum sanctum Linn can be recommended for the treatment of moderate diabetes mellitus in combination with oral hypoglycaemic agents to get the synergistic effect of both the medicines for effective control of hyperglycemia.

“Effectiveness of Planned Demonstration on Aseptic Medical Wound Dressing in Terms of Practice among Staff Nurses in Selected Hospitals of Gwalior”

Background: Wound dressing procedures are very common and if wound contamination is limited, then there is a less chance of infection. The investigator felt a strong need to conduct a planned demonstration on aseptic wound dressing technique which would help the staff nurses to develop proper practice and skill in aseptic wound dressing. The aim of the study was to determine the practice on aseptic medical wound dressing technique among staff nurses before planned demonstration as measured by an observation checklist and evaluate the effectiveness of planned demonstration in terms of practice of aseptic medical wound dressing technique among staff nurses.Materials and Method: A quasi experimental, time series design was adapted for the study. The conceptual framework of the present study was developed by the investigator based on the Weidenbach’s Prescriptive Theory. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the XI samples consisted of 30 staff nurses based on their inclusion criteria. A structured observational checklist consisted of 51 items was used to evaluate the effectiveness of planned demonstration on aseptic medical wound dressing technique.Results: In pre- test majority (66.7%) of the staff nurses have an average practice on aseptic medical wound dressing where as in post test 1, majority (96.7%) of the staff nurses have good practice and in post test 2 (100%) and post test 3 all (100%) the staff nurses have good practice on aseptic medical wound dressing. The mean post-test 1 (44.5±4.2), post test 2 (48.7±0.93) and post test 3 (48.7±0.93) practice scores are higher than pre-test practice score (21.5±5.5). The calculated t value (33.3) is greater than table value (t 29=2.262) at 0.05 level of significance. There is a significant association of source of knowledge of staff nurses with pre-test practice scores and there is no significant association found between age, sex, education, years of experience and present area of working with pre- test practice scores. Also there is no significant association found between age, sex, education, years of experience, present area of working and source of knowledge with post- test practice scores.Conclusion: The findings of the study proved that the planned demonstration on aseptic medical wound dressing is an effective measure to improve the staff nurses level of practice. The nurses can learn about the aseptic measures maintained during dressing preparation phase, dressing execution phase and post procedure phase.

Adopting the Role of Caregiver of Chronic Patients: Specific Situation Theory

Objective: To present the proposal for a specific situation theory on adopting the role of caregiver of chronic patients. Materials and methods: Based on Meleis and Im’s integrating strategy, multiple information sources were employed to develop this theory. Results: This prescriptive theory derives from Meleis’ mid-range theory based on an exhaustive literature review and the authors’ practical and research experience. The information was integrated into core concepts such as caregiver’s transition, caregiver role insufficiency, nature and conditions of the transition, nursing transitional care for the caregiver, and healthy transition. Assertions were also derived, such as the adoption of the caregiver role influencing the response patterns or the result indicators related to the caregiver’s quality of life and perception of burden. Finally, a theoretical process and an empirical indicator called ROLE are described. Conclusions: This theoretical development recognizes the process faced by caregivers in adopting their role in the care of chronic patients and guides possible nursing interventions to favor a healthy transition.

Civic Online Reasoning Among Adults: An Empirical Evaluation of a Prescriptive Theory and Its Correlates

Today, the skill to read digital news in constructive ways is a pivotal part of informed citizenship. A large part of the research on digital literacy is dedicated to adolescents and not adults. In this study, we address this research gap. We investigated the abilities of 1222 Swedish adults to determine the credibility of false, biased, and credible digital news in relation to their background, education, attitudes, and self-reported skills. Their ability was operationalized as three components in the prescriptive theory of civic online reasoning. Results from a combined survey and performance test showed that the ability to determine the credibility of digital news is associated with higher education, educational orientation in humanities/arts, natural sciences, and technology, the incidence of sourcing at work, and appreciation of credible news. An SEM analysis confirmed that the items used to assess the different skills tapped into the theoretical constructs of civic online reasoning and that civic online reasoning was associated with a majority of the predictors in the analyses of the separate skills. The results provide unique evidence for a prescriptive theory of the skills needed to navigate online.

Choosing an Evaluation Theory: A Supplement to Evaluation Roots (3rd Edition)

Background: Unlike scientific theories, evaluation theories are prescriptive: a set of actions and approaches that should be followed when conducting an evaluation. While evaluation theorists have offered a variety of writings describing their theories and approaches, few have offered a specific outline of what the theory looks like in practice. Thus, Alkin and Christie formulated a book to aid evaluators in how to apply theories in evaluations (Alkin & Christie, forthcoming). This book culminates in a series of prototypes that outline each theory’s goals, appropriate contexts, prescriptions, and observable actions in application.
 Purpose: In order to aid evaluators in applying theories, this article seeks to provide a basis for comparison that can be used to help evaluators select which theory would be most appropriate in their practice.
 Setting: This comparison can be applied in any setting where evaluations fit the context prescribed by each of the theories.
 Intervention: Not applicable.
 Research Design: Not applicablre.
 Data Collection and Analysis: Not applicable.
 Findings: In order for theories to influence practice effectively, theories must be displayed in a way that allows for easy comparison. This comparison of three theory prototypes demonstrates that prototypes can be an effective way for selecting a prescriptive theory when conducting an evaluation.
 Keywords: prescriptive theories; practice; empowerment evaluation; learning centered model; developmental evaluation

A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hot Water Foot Bath Therapy on Quality of Sleep among the Elderly in Selected Old Age Home, Agartala, Tripura West

A quasi experimental study to assess the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy on quality of sleep among the elderly in a selected old age home, Agartala, Tripura West. The objectives of the study is to assess the quality of sleep among the elderly and to determine the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy on quality of sleep among the elderly. The conceptual framework was used based on Wiedenbach’s modified Prescription theory. In this study elderly persons of old age home were selected as a sample. 40(fourty) samples were selected for the study, 20 (twenty) for both experimental group and control group by convenient sampling technique .Sleep quality of the elderly in both experimental group and control group assessed using modified Groningen sleep quality scale by interview technique which is modified by 7 (seven) experts of various nursing and medical department as well as by the statistician. Reliablity of the tool was 0.85 (r), that was checked using Kerl pearsons correlation coefficient method. Statistical analysis was done by chi square test and t test both paired t test, unpaired t test to determine the effectiveness of hot water foot bath therapy in quality of sleep among the elderly in both experimental and control group. There was significantly increased in mean post test score in experimental group with the mean deviation of 3.4 at 0.05 level of significance. The finding of the study revealed that paired ‘t’ test between pretest and post test score in experimental group showed significant increase in quality of sleep (tcal = 15.86, pcal = 0.53, pcal = 5.09, p2 = 5.714, p< 0.05) and there was no significant association between the pre-test quality of sleep scores with remaining demographic variables. The study concludes that hot water foot bath therapy is effective in improve the quality of sleep among the elderly.

Saberes para a prática docente

Esse texto brotou da necessidade de compreender as diferentes abordagens que fundamentam a docência e o ato de ensinar como parte da realização da educação formal. Assim sendo, o objetivo geral deste estudo é demonstrar as principais abordagens dos saberes docentes e a prática do ensino em sua relação com as correntes pedagógicas. Como objetivos específicos enumeramos: a) apresentar uma abordagem das ideias sobre o ofício de ensinar e dos saberes da docência; b) destacar as teorias formal, prescritiva e normativa do ato de ensinar e c) discutir as principais correntes pedagógicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo do tipo bibliográfica, bibliométrica e análise de conteúdo e se fundamentou nas contribuições dos seguintes teóricos: Gauthier; Martineau; Desbiens, Malo &amp; Simard (1997); Gage (2009); Perrenoud, Thuler, De Macedo, Machado &amp; Allessandrini, (2002). Dentre os resultados percebemos que as diferentes correntes pedagógicas existentes demostram a grande variedade de pensamentos que o docente precisa conhecer para então se apropriar de alguma ou de várias na sua trajetória como docente.