Prescriptive Methods Research Articles

Exercise prescription for persons with spinal cord injury: a review of physiological considerations and evidence-based guidelines.

Persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) experience gains in fitness, physical and mental health from regular participation in exercise and physical activity. Due to changes in physiological function of the cardiovascular, nervous, and muscular systems, general population physical activity guidelines and traditional exercise prescription methods are not appropriate for the SCI population. Exercise guidelines specific to persons with SCI recommend progressive training beginning at 20min of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic exercise twice per week transitioning to 30min three times per week, with strength training of the major muscle groups two times per week. These population-specific guidelines were designed considering the substantial barriers to physical activity for persons with SCI and can be used to frame an individual exercise prescription. Rating of perceived exertion (i.e., perceptually regulated exercise) is a practical way to indicate moderate to vigorous intensity exercise in community settings. Adapted exercise modes include arm cycle ergometry, hybrid arm-leg cycling, and recumbent elliptical equipment. Body weight-supported treadmill training and other rehabilitation modalities may improve some aspects of health and fitness for people with SCI if completed at sufficient intensity. Disability-specific community programs offer beneficial opportunities for persons with SCI to experience quality exercise opportunities but are not universally available.

Resistance Training Intensity Prescription Methods Based on Lifting Velocity Monitoring.

Resistance training intensity is commonly quantified as the load lifted relative to an individual's maximal dynamic strength. This approach, known as percent-based training, necessitates evaluating the one-repetition maximum (1RM) for the core exercises incorporated in a resistance training program. However, a major limitation of rigid percent-based training lies in the demanding nature of directly testing the 1RM from technical, physical, and psychological perspectives. A potential solution that has gained popularity in the last two decades to facilitate the implementation of percent-based training involves the estimation of the 1RM by recording the lifting velocity against submaximal loads. This review examines the three main methods for prescribing relative loads (%1RM) based on lifting velocity monitoring: (i) velocity zones, (ii) generalized load-velocity relationships, and (iii) individualized load-velocity relationships. The article concludes by discussing a number of factors that should be considered for simplifying the testing procedures while maintaining the accuracy of individualized L-V relationships to predict the 1RM and establish the resultant individualized %1RM-velocity relationship: (i) exercise selection, (ii) type of velocity variable, (iii) regression model, (iv) number of loads, (v) location of experimental points on the load-velocity relationship, (vi) minimal velocity threshold, (vii) provision of velocity feedback, and (viii) velocity monitoring device.

Attitudes, patterns and awareness on the use of self-medication and non-doctor prescription methods among undergraduate medical, nursing and physiotherapy students of a tertiary care setting in south Gujarat

Background: According to WHO Self-medication can be defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. Aim & Objective: To assess and improve the level of awareness regarding self-medication non-prescription medicines and over the counter drugs, to assess the prevalence and determinants of self-medication practices among undergraduate students. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study design was used to carry out a study at tertiary care centre. Methods and Material: Sociodemographic characteristics, self-medication knowledge and general questions on self-medication were asked from study participants. Statistical analysis used: SPSS software version 26. Self-medication knowledge was scored and categorized as excellent/good and poor knowledge. Comparison of knowledge scores among medical, nursing and physiotherapy students was done using ANOVA test. Results: The prevalence of OTC drug usage was found out to be 304(79.4%). Highest prevalence was noted amongst medical students i.e., 186(83.4%) followed by nursing and physiotherapy students which were similar at 55(73.3%) and 63(74.4%) respectively. Mean knowledge scores of MBBS, nursing and physiotherapy students showed significant results with F-statistic value of 21.63 (p=0.00). Conclusions: Self-medication happens to be a common practice among medical and paramedical students.

Legal Strength of Peace Deeds Made by Notary in Efforts to Settle Civil Law Conflict in Indonesia

The peace that has been made by the disputing parties, in the presence of a notary with a notarial deed, is expected to end the dispute, provide legal certainty between those who are in dispute. The peace deed is also expected to provide legal certainty, benefit and provide justice between those who are in dispute and for their future descendants. Thus it will create a calm life, peace and harmony between those who are at odds. However, if the peace deed that has been made between them, especially what has been made before a notary with a notarized peace deed, can then be disputed again, the problem raised in this study is the legal force of the peace deed made by a notary in an effort to resolve civil law conflicts in Indonesia. In the example case of the Gianyar District Court decision No. 54/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Gir. To answer these problems, normative juridical legal research methods are used with prescriptive research methods. The results of the analysis and research are that the binding power of a notarial peace deed in proof is a deed that has the power of a judge's decision at the final level. The peace deed that was made was also useless and violated the sense of justice of the parties who made it in good faith. Of course this will also cause doubts both among the parties and in society. Therefore, understanding and clarity are needed regarding the nature of the peace itself and the binding power of the notarized peace deed in proof in court. Extensive knowledge so that the word published does not cause problems in the future for the parties involved.

An adjustable Predictive&Prescriptive method for the RO-based optimal power flow problem

Traditionally before solving the optimal power flow considering uncertainty (OPF–U) problem, the predicted value of uncertainty parameters, such as wind power, e.g., is derived from data using a statistics approach or machine learning. Based on the predicted uncertainty parameters, the solution to the OPF-U problem can be obtained by the prescriptive analytics technique, such as robust optimization (RO). However, it is unclarified how the prediction error in predictive analytics affects solving the OPF-U problem in prescriptive analytics. We propose an adjustable framework method combining machine learning and RO for the OPF-U problem. The k-nearest neighbor is applied to obtain k samples around the predicted value from sufficient historical data. And the optimization results from a minimum volume ellipsoid set containing the k samples are applied to construct KMV set. Then a robust fluctuation region with an adjustable budget level is gained from the KMV set by a two-term exponential formula, which can be embedded into a two-stage RO model. Computational experiments under test cases of different uncertainty scales show the robustness and adjustability of the proposed fluctuation region are better than the state-of-the-art box and ellipsoidal sets. The solution of the proposed two-stage RO model is more economical than the state-of-the-art RO model. The out-of-sample simulation also demonstrates the proposed adjustable Predictive&Prescriptive method can reduce the computational burden as the scale of the system increases when predictive and prescriptive analytics are separated.

Citation content in literature review sections of research articles: A cross-paradigm comparison of design science and interpretivist research in information systems

Despite a long history of citation research, its focus has been on the linguistic and rhetorical characteristics of citations rather than their semantic nature. Using a move-based approach grounded in the CARS model (Swales, 1990), this paper studies the sorts of source ideas cited in different parts of literature reviews (LR) of Information Systems research articles following the design science research (DSR) and interpretivist research (IR) paradigms. Findings reveal three types of epistemically-oriented semantic content – theoretical, research, and methodological – and one type that is non-epistemically-framed, which vary quantitatively and qualitatively between the DSR and IR LRs. For example, both types of LRs cite more often in Move 1 Establishing a territory than in Moves 2 and 3 Establishing a niche and Occupying the niche, with theoretical terminologies, definitions, propositions being referred to more frequently in the IR writing than in the DSR writing. On the other hand, citations in the DSR writing often display prescriptive propositions, design concepts, artefacts, and methods which are absent from the IR writing. These findings not only help us better understand how citation is shaped and constrained by rhetorical moves and research paradigms but also provide implications for the teaching of citation content.

KESESUAIAN PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP TERDAKWA ANAK DENGAN PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN YANG BERLAKU

<em>This study aims to determine the suitability of the judge's consideration in the Decision of the Klaten District Court Number 3/Pid.Sus-Child/PN.Kln with the provisions of the applicable laws, especially Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning the Criminal Justice System of Children. This study uses prescriptive normative legal research methods. This study uses a case study. The types of legal materials used include primary and secondary legal materials. The legal material collection technique used by the authors in this study is a document study technique or library research. The legal material analysis technique in this study uses the syllogism method with the mindset of deduction. The results showed that the judge's consideration was based on the indictment of the Public Prosecutor and Juridical and Non-juridical considerations in imposing a criminal supervision to children in the form of placing children under the supervision of the public prosecutor for 3 (three) months in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. In its consideration, the judge had considered at least two pieces of evidence, namely witness statements and the defendant's statement where the beliefs obtained from the two evidences the judge was able to state that the defendant had been guilty of committing the criminal acts of theft by weighting</em>.<p> Keywords: <a href="/verstek/article/view/72255"><em>Judge's consideration, Child, Theft of Crimes, Criminal Imposition</em></a></p>

ESTIMATIVA DO CUSTO PARA OBTENÇÃO DA CLASSE “A” DO RTQ-R POR UMA EDIFICAÇÃO MULTIFAMILIAR EM BELO HORIZONTE

Taking into account the growing demand for energy in our society, building energy efficiency plays an important role in this context. The households are responsible for a large portion of the Brazilian elec-tricity consumed, representing around 26% of their total. Thus, the present work aims at evaluating the additional cost to reach Class A, according to the Technical Quality Regulation for the Energy Efficiency Level of Residential Buildings (RTQ-R), of a multifamily building in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (bioclimatic zone 3), by the prescriptive method. As a result of the building’s original design analysis, the final classification “B” was obtained. On the other hand, the proposed improvements to achieve class “A” resulted in an increase of 4.71% in the overall cost of the real estate project. Hence, it was concluded that the costs of satisfying the necessary attributes to obtain an efficient building show to be feasible, mainly, due to their benefits for future users provided by labeling it.

Effects of Exercise Testing and Cardiac Rehabilitation in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease on Fear and Self-Efficacy of Exercise: A Pilot Study.

Exercise fear and low exercise self-efficacy are common in patients attending cardiac rehabilitation (CR). This study tested whether exercise prescription methods influence exercise fear and exercise self-efficacy. We hypothesized that the use of graded exercise testing (GXT) with a target heart rate range exercise prescription, relative to standard exercise prescription using rating of perceived exertion (RPE), would produce greater reductions in exercise fear and increase self-efficacy during CR. Patients in CR (N = 32) were randomized to an exercise prescription using either RPE or a target heart rate range. Exercise fear and self-efficacy were assessed with questionnaires at three time points: baseline; after the GXT in target heart rate range group; and at session 6 for the RPE group and CR completion. Items were scored on a five-point Likert-type scale with higher mean scores reflecting higher fear of exercise and higher self-efficacy. To analyze mean differences, a mixed effects analysis was run. There were no significant changes in exercise self-efficacy between baseline and discharge from CR; these were not statistically significant (mean differences baseline - 0.63; end - 0.27 (p = 0.13)). Similarly, there was no change in fear between groups (baseline 0.30; end 0.51 (p = 0.37)). Patients in the RPE and target heart rate groups had non-significant changes in exercise self-efficacy over the course of CR. Contrary to our hypothesis, the use of GXT and target heart rate range did not reduce fear, and we noted sustained or increases in fear of exercise among patients with elevated baseline fear. A more targeted psychological intervention seems warranted to reduce exercise fear and self-efficacy in CR.

YOGYAKARTA SPECIAL PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT POLICY IN EFFORTS TO INCREASE ORIGINAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE AFTER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Covid-19 pandemic has also impacted the Yogyakarta Special Region (DIY) sector. In 2020, the DIY city government anticipated a reduction of original DIY local government revenue from the previous target of 50%. The purpose of this research is to know the urgency of the policy of the provincial government of DIY in terms of the PAD after the pandemic of Covid-19 and to analyse the policy of the local government of DIY in terms of PAD expansion after the Covid-19 pandemic. The researcher used normative legal research for the study. The researcher used three methods of problem-based approach the statutory approach, the historical approach and the conceptual approach, which have the descriptive and prescriptive methods of specification research. In conclusion, the DIY provincial government policy's urgency in increasing the PAD after the Covid-19 pandemic is that the PAD experienced a contraction of 6,87% in 2021.

(Re)production of knowledge within mathematics education

This paper aims to discuss the production and reproduction of knowledge —such categories, notions, theories, and methodologies that are part of mathematics education research— drawn from an epistemic approach that pursues to disturb the supposed neutrality, objectivity, and order of our field. The paper's premise is shaped by the idea that searching for new ways of doing is plausible to make visible conditions of possibilities, in which new ways of thinking are traced to what we can and can't do in mathematics education. Premise framed in epistemological anarchism, here it argues that scientific progress could be restricted due to prescriptive scientific methods, as well as fixed and universal norms. The acknowledgment of diverse action flows and tools able to mould in order to respond to reality and context, it is understood as potency to think of new possibilities; along with this, to unpack and read the network rhizomatic entangled to look into teaching and learning of mathematics beyond the didactic triangle. In this fashion, diverse authors assert that the research is a political and power issue. The (re)production of knowledge is not neutral or innocent. The non-neutrality and innocent become possible since an aesthetic that circulates and normalizes what is considered as —valid and valuable— research, as well as the ways of doing and producing —valid and valuable— knowledge. This normalization generates events of violence, particularly against —epistemic or ontological— minorities.

Prescriptive Method for Optimizing Cost of Data Collection and Annotation in Machine Learning of Clinical Ultrasound.

Using public breast, fetal, and lung ultrasound datasets we can: Optimize data collection by statistically predicting accuracy for a desired dataset size; and optimize labeling efficiency using Active Learning, where predictions with lowest certainty were labelled manually using feedback. A practical case study on BUSI data was used to demonstrate the method prescribed in this work. With small data subsets, ~10%, dataset size vs. final accuracy relations can be predicted with diminishing results after 50% usage. Manual annotation was reduced by ~10% using active learning to focus the annotation. This led to cost reductions of 50%-66%, depending on requirements and initial cost model, on BUSI dataset with a negligible accuracy drop of 3.75% from theoretical maximums.Clinical Relevance- This work provides methodology to optimize dataset size and manual data labelling, this allows generation of cost-effective datasets, of interest to all, but particularly for financially limited trials and feasibility studies, Reducing the time burden on annotating clinicians.

Performance-based wind and earthquake design framework for tall steel buildings with ductile detailing

According to the Canadian building code, wind design relies on prescriptive static methods, which lead to a conservative design. In consequence, in moderate seismic regions where both winds and earthquakes are critical, the size of ductile members resulting from seismic design, and especially those of bottom floors, may not accommodate the elastic wind demand and larger member sizes are required. In general, this is the case of rectangular buildings, where in the direction perpendicular to the largest building dimension, the base shear due to elastic wind demand is critical, while in the orthogonal direction the seismic demand governs. Hence, in one direction, the allowable base shear increases above the seismic demand, which results in reduced energy dissipation and amplification of torsion. To mitigate the incoherence in the current building code, a refined code-based multi-hazard design approach, targeting performance of tall steel buildings in Eastern Canada, is proposed. Thus, accounting for the building’s overstrength and allowing limited controlled inelasticity under high-intensity wind, a wind-related reduction factor RW is proposed to reduce the design wind load. The method is implemented for the design of two identical 15-storey steel braced frame buildings, but of different occupancy, hospital and office, respectively. Nonlinear response history analyses are performed to verify the member sections of steel braced frames, while the parameters investigated are the interstorey drift, residual interstorey drift and floor acceleration. Then, seismic and wind incremental dynamic analyses provide insight into the multi-hazard dynamic response of buildings subjected to ground motions and winds of increasing intensity. The fragility concept is used to quantify the performance of studied buildings designed with RW = 2 versus the building designed with RW = 1. Comfort criteria, as well as, the drift acceptance criteria, commonly considered in research and practice, are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The nonlinear response of the studied buildings at the design level and beyond shows that using RW = 2 for wind design does not change the response at design level, but slightly decreases the collapse capacity within the acceptable range.

The implementation of a home-based isometric wall squat intervention using ratings of perceived exertion to select and control exercise intensity: a pilot study in normotensive and pre-hypertensive adults

PurposeIsometric exercise (IE) and isometric wall squat (IWS) training have been shown to be effective methods of reducing arterial blood pressure. However, most IE interventions require methodologies and equipment that could present a barrier to participation. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an accessible RPE prescribed IWS intervention.MethodsThirty normotensive and pre-hypertensive adults were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two 4-week home-based IWS intervention groups: the first group conducted IWS exercise where intensity was prescribed and monitored using RPE (RPE-EX), whilst the other used a previously validated HR prescription method (HR-EX). Resting and ambulatory heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured pre- and post-intervention.ResultsMinimum clinically important differences (MCID; − 5 mmHg) in SBP and/or DBP were shown in 100% of intervention participants. Statistically significant reductions were shown in resting seated BP (RPE-EX: SBP: − 9 ± 6, DBP: − 6 ± 4, MAP: − 6 ± 3 mmHg; HR-EX: SBP: − 14 ± 6, DBP: − 6 ± 4, MAP: − 8 ± 4 mmHg), supine BP (RPE-EX: SBP: − 8 (− 5), DBP: − 8 (− 7), MAP: − 8 (− 4) mmHg; HR-EX: SBP: − 5 (− 4), MAP − 5 (− 4) mmHg), and ambulatory SBP (RPE-EX: − 8 ± 6 mmHg; HR-EX: − 10 ± 4 mmHg) following the interventions. There were no statistically significant differences between intervention groups in the magnitude of BP reduction.ConclusionRPE prescribed IWS exercise can provide an effective and more accessible method for reducing BP at home, providing reductions comparable to the current HR-based prescription method.

Visual satisfaction with progressive addition lenses prescribed with novel foveal fixation axis measurements

Progressive addition lens (PAL) prescription is usually conducted using the pupillary centre as a reference, which in general does not coincide with the visual axis (kappa distance), and this difference could induce undesired prismatic effects in far and near vision distances and adaptation problems. This study aimed to assess the impact on subjects’ visual satisfaction with PALs prescribed based on foveal fixation axis (FFA) measurements. Two different PALs (LifeStyle 3i, Hoya Lens Iberia) were randomly prescribed [one with a customized inset (the difference between the FFA measurements (Ergofocus®, Lentitech, Spain) at far and near distances and the second with a standard inset (2.5 mm)] to be used by 71 healthy presbyopic volunteers in a prospective double-masked crossover clinical study involving one month of use of each PAL. Patients were self-classified into four groups according to their previous experience with PALs: neophyte, PAL users, PAL drop-out, and uncomfortable PAL users. Visual function and overall satisfaction with each PAL were collected and compared. Ninety-seven percent (95% CI 93–100%) of participants successfully adapted to PALs prescribed with FFA without significant differences (P = 0.26) among the study groups (100% neophyte and uncomfortable PAL users (95% CI 100% in both groups), 89% (95% CI 67–100%) PAL users and 94% (95% CI 82–100%) PAL drop-out group). There were no statistically significant differences in visual function (P > 0.05) between customized and standard inset PALs. Customized and standard inset lenses showed similar satisfaction (P > 0.42) that increased significantly (P < 0.01 without any carry-over effect) after 30 days of wear. PALs prescribed with FFA measurements showed high visual satisfaction, suggesting that these measurements are suitable for prescribing PAL adaptation processes. Additional research is necessary to assess differences in PAL users’ performance with different prescription methods and lens designs.

Copyright Protection of Songwriters in Indonesia

Intellectual property is an object resulting from human intellectual activity, which is expressed in the form of copyrighted works or inventions. The issue of intellectual property for Indonesian songwriters has never been a good thing. This study uses a prescriptive legal method and examines law as a norm with misconceptions about legal protection. Secondary data becomes the main data. The specifications used are descriptive specifications. Copyright owners enjoy legal protection from the moment their work is transformed into a concrete form that complies with the Declarative Principles. Even if a work is protected because it can be clearly identified, the copyright owner must register the work in the Copyright Register for formal verification. There are two ways to resolve copyright disputes: litigation and non-litigation. Settlements outside the court include advice, mediation, negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. On the other hand, there are two pathways in litigation, one of which is the civil route. Violations can be subject to sanctions in the form of imprisonment and fines as stipulated in the copyright law.

Reexamining the integrative approach to legal ethics education: the case of Hong Kong as an Asian financial centre

ABSTRACT This article examines how ethical values are integrated into legal education in Hong Kong, a prominent financial hub in Asia. It focuses on two aspects of integration: the integrative use of prescriptive and experiential teaching methods and the integration of legal ethics education into the curricula of law schools. Effective implementation of legal ethics education in Hong Kong faces challenges due to inadequate commitment to the integrative approach in law schools. While integrating legal ethics education into the curriculum alone is insufficient, there is also a lack of effective integration of prescriptive and experiential teaching methods. To address these needs and challenges, the article proposes a dedicated core course on legal ethics supported by seminars and workshops led by experienced practitioners. This approach aims to foster ethical conduct among law students, enhancing Hong Kong’s reputation as an Asian financial centre by cultivating a culture of ethical responsibility, which is vital for the development and sustainability of Hong Kong’s legal landscape.

Exercise intensity domains determined by heart rate at the ventilatory thresholds in patients with cardiovascular disease: new insights and comparisons to cardiovascular rehabilitation prescription recommendations

ObjectivesTo compare the elicited exercise responses at ventilatory thresholds (VTs: VT1 and VT2) identified by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the guideline-directed exercise intensity...

Религиозная идентичность в парадигме современной культуры

The article analyzes the nature and essence of religious identity in modern culture. Since modern culture tends more and more towards individualization and the development of personal lifestyle options, the format of the social existence of religious ideas is also changing. The authors define the specificity of religious identity in the paradigm of modern culture through the transition from the ways of defining the subjects of social relations in traditional society to modern. It is demonstrated that in traditional societies the method of external prescription of static roles that set the limits of the freedoms and opportunities of the individual prevailed, while in modern societies the form of self-determination dominates, when the individual independently and arbitrarily builds his identity from the resources provided to him by culture. Thus, thanks to the philosophical analysis of sociological data, the substantive interpretation of religious identity within the framework of traditional culture and its constructivist (narrative) rethinking within the framework of modern culture are substantiated. In modern society, religion becomes a matter of personal choice, along with the choice of clothing style, cultural activities, reading circle, music playlist, etc. Ultimately, there is an inversion of cause and effect. In a traditional society, the religious worldview was the center of the subject's identity and largely determined its values and characteristics; in modern society, religious identity is shifting to the periphery of the field of free autonomous action of the subject, driven by the mechanisms of intrinsic value and selfjustification of the European humanism of the New Time.

The Responsibility of Notary in Making Nominee Agreements for Foreign Citizens in Indonesia

Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles in Article 2 states that every Indonesian citizen has full rights over land, water, and airspace located in Indonesia, so only Indonesian citizens are entitled to have ownership rights over land in Indonesia. This is a principle of nationalism in agrarian law. Foreigners who are in Indonesia are only entitled to land use rights in Indonesia. This regulation sometimes poses difficulties for foreign nationals who want to invest in Indonesia, due to the requirement of land ownership in Indonesia not being fulfilled. This obstacle causes some parties to take illegal actions in land ownership in Indonesia, one of which is by making a nominee agreement. However, nominee agreements in Indonesia have not been clearly regulated in legislation. The issues raised in this research are the validity of nominee agreements according to the Civil Code and Basic Agrarian Law, as well as the role and responsibility of notaries in making nominee agreements, using the case study of the verdict of the Denpasar District Court Number 426/Pdt.G/2020/PN Dps. To answer these issues, normative juridical research method with prescriptive research method is used. The result of the analysis and research is to analyze the nominee agreement and its validity from the perspective of the Civil Code and Basic Agrarian Law. In addition, it analyzes the role and responsibility of notaries in nominee agreements with a case study in the verdict of the Denpasar District Court Number 426/Pdt.G/2020/PN Dps. The suggestion given is that notaries in making a legal product should pay attention to the applicable legal foundations in Indonesia so that the resulting deed is in accordance with the legislation in Indonesia