Prescribed Time Frame Research Articles

Prevalence of Prescribing Macrolides and Aminoglycosides Among Dentists in Aden, Yemen. A cross-sectional Survey

This study assessed the understanding of dentists regarding the appropriate prescription of aminoglycosides and macrolides in Aden, Yemen. We carried out a cross-sectional study, enlisting a total of 150 licensed dentists from both public and commercial dental clinics. The data was gathered throughout the period of October to December 2023. Out of the 150 participants, 57% were men, and 47% had less than 5 years of experience. According to the poll, a large majority of dentists, 72%, use macrolides on a regular basis in their practice. In addition, azithromycin was the most commonly prescribed macrolide, accounting for 18% of total prescriptions. By comparison, aminoglycosides account for only 21% of all prescriptions, and neomycin is quite rare. 13% of persons with penicillin allergies were administered streptomycin, underscoring the necessity for safer alternatives. Dentists typically follow the prescribed time frame of 3-5 days to ensure the appropriate administration of macrolides. The findings indicated that individuals should get instruction on the proper utilization of aminoglycosides and macrolides, be provided with comprehensive information to enable them to make well-informed decisions on their treatment alternatives, and be obligated to adhere to guidelines grounded in empirical evidence from real-life scenarios. Effective antibiotic stewardship practices in Yemeni dentistry require collaboration among dentists, microbiologists, and public health officials. It is recommended to undertake additional research to expand the study's scope and include observational studies and interviews with dentists.

Event-triggered prescribed-time tracking for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown control gain and output constraints

This paper uses a prescribed-time event-triggered approach to explore the control of uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems with output constraints and an unknown time-varying control gain. The proposed method utilizes a universal barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) to ensure compliance with the output constraints. Furthermore, a technique known as congelation of variables is employed to handle the unknown time-varying control gain. Approximating the unknown dynamics using radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), a neural prescribed-time controller is designed based on the backstepping approach. Additionally, the event-triggered mechanism is employed to conserve computational and communication resources. With this scheme, all signals are guaranteed to converge to a compact set within the prescribed time frame. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Note on prescribed-time stability of impulsive piecewise-smooth differential systems and application in networks

<p>We explored the prescribed-time stability (PTSt) of impulsive piecewise smooth differential systems (IPSDS) based on the Lyapunov theory and set-valued analysis technology, allowing flexibility in selecting the settling time as desired. Furthermore, by developing a feedback controller, we employed the theoretical results to evaluate the synchronization behavior of impulsive piecewise-smooth network systems (IPSNS) within a prescribed time frame and obtained novel criteria to guarantee the synchronization objective. A numerical example was presented to validate the accuracy of the results.</p>

The effectiveness of using the software application "geogebra" in the construction of sections

The article provides training in cross-section construction using the GeoGebra software application. In the construction of sections of the GeoGebra software application, the conditions of spatial shapes and bodies of rotation, as well as their coordinate transfer, are fully studied. In order to determine whether students can show the image of sections on spatial bodies, a survey of 24 students on the topic of sections was conducted in Grade 10 "B" of the specialized boarding school "Daryn" in Kentau.In the survey, students were asked to draw a cross-section through given points on parallelepipeds and pyramids. As a result of the survey, it was found that the vast majority of students cannot show cross-section images. In order to compensate for the shortcomings, it was chosen to interpret cross-section imaging for Class 10"B" using the "GeoGebra" software. Effective uses of the "GeoGebra" software have paid off within the prescribed time frame. In particular , we can see an increase in the quality of education by 50% and 86%. Students analyze, prove the idea of change through the visualization process and, as a result, showed a positive conclusion. As a result of the test from students of the 10th grade "B", which was in-depth in the direction of physics and mathematics, the effectiveness of the GeoGebra software was clearly demonstrated.

Secure data access using blockchain technology through IoT cloud and fabric environment

AbstractIn the current landscape, staying abreast of the latest technological advancements is a formidable challenge, especially given the deluge of data inundating the internet. The realization has dawned that effectively managing the surge in emerging data necessitates the integration of multiple technologies. In pursuit of this objective, the Internet of Things (IoT), renowned for its sensor‐based data capture capabilities, is frequently coupled with blockchain technology to ensure secure data storage and access. This amalgamation, in turn, leverages the cloud environment when data volume surpasses a machine's processing capacity, thus mitigating infrastructure and maintenance costs. This study endeavors to optimize data storage within the blocks of the blockchain (BCT) by storing an index that points to the actual data. This innovative approach not only conserves storage space but also enhances operational efficiency. Furthermore, it simplifies the task of identifying malicious or faulty nodes deployed at different locations for data capture within the prescribed time frame. To exemplify this implementation, a case study is presented, focusing on securing user votes through the creation of contracts. The results showcased underscore the preference for a permissioned blockchain, such as Fabric, over a permissionless one, like Ethereum, particularly in the context of security considerations. The findings reveal that as the number of operations (in this case, votes cast) increases, Ethereum's performance deteriorates, while Fabric exhibits exceptional robustness. Additionally, the study analyzes sensor data simulated via IoT nodes before and after the application of security algorithms to underscore the significance of the proposed Secure Cloud‐Based Blockchain (SCB2) model. The analysis encompasses various facets, including the creation, validation, and computation times of transactions and blocks within a node, and positions the model favorably in comparison to existing literature.

Making the visible seen: The interactional competence of a person in a disordered state of consciousness

We examine a 12-min video-recorded interaction among a patient (KN) in a disordered state of consciousness (DOC) and a speech language pathologist clinician (CL) that takes place in a medical rehabilitation setting. The video is a demonstration of how caregivers could use a clinical assessment to observe their loved one's behavior to communicate potential behavioral changes to healthcare professionals. The purpose of this paper is to make visible the communication practices used by participants that may not be obvious to researchers, medical rehabilitation practitioners, and clinical assessment developers. We use phenomenological, linguistic and conversation analytic approaches to analyze the interaction. We found that KN demonstrates multiple conversational competencies, some (but not all) of which are acknowledged by CL, and most of which are not directly addressed by the assessment scoring criteria. For example, KN demonstrates conversational competency by responding non-verbally to CL's prompts from the assessment protocol and following along with the unspoken rules of discourse. He does this primarily through gaze, which broadcasts the focus of his attention and actively signals his participation in the conversation. Though KN does not always respond correctly to CL's questions, he nevertheless demonstrates implicit conversational competencies during turns of talk such as returning to ‘neutral’ position which signals the completion of a turn of talk. KN's conversational competencies may be missed by CL and the assessment protocol but we argue that they are important in understanding KN's capacity. Our analyses show that competency is not simply a performance by one person who appropriately and correctly responds to a series of questions in a prescribed time frame. Competence is a collaborative achievement among participants, co-produced in situ, and influenced by linguistic and cultural habits of talk and epistemic norms that privilege clinical knowledge and expertise.

LOCAL TREATMENT OF BURN WOUNDS WITH THE USE OF PROBIOTICS

Summary. Introduction. Burn injury remains one of the serious problems of clinical medicine. For successful spontaneous epithelization of surface burns in the prescribed time frame, it is necessary to create favorable conditions to reduce bacterial insemination and limit additional traumatization of dermal burns.
 Goal. Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of Arederma spray with probiotics for the local treatment of superficial burns.
 Materials and methods. The results of complex local treatment of 26 patients with superficial burns are presented. Patients were divided into 2 clinical groups. The main group consisted of 14 patients who, before standard local treatment, underwent additional treatment of burn surfaces with a spray with probiotics. The comparison group consisted of 12 victims who underwent standard local therapy of burn surfaces. In patients of the main group, the burn area on average was (6.4 ± 1.8) % of body surface, in patients of the comparison group (5.9 ± 1.3) % of body surface. The effectiveness of the treatment was carried out on the basis of a microbiological study with the study of the wound process using cytological studies and visual assessment.
 Results and discussion. The obtained results testify to the effectiveness of the local application of probiotics in the complex treatment of superficial burns due to the reduction of infection of the burn surface and the positive effect of the drug on epithelization processes, which made it possible to shorten the terms of inpatient treatment of burned patients.
 Conclusions. The combined complex application of a neutral wound dressing and a spray containing probiotics optimizes the inflammatory process, reduces the infection of the burn surface with pathogenic microflora, which ensures epithelization of superficial burns in the prescribed time. The use of Arederma spray helped reduce the bacterial load on the burn surface at all stages of complex local treatment.

Relation of Days on Ventilatory Support to Total Days of Illness in COVID-19 Patients

Objective: To determine the relation between days on ventilatory support and overall mortality to total days of pre- ventilator illness in COVID-19 patients.
 Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
 Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar to Aug 2020.
 Methodology: A total of 140 admitted patients within the prescribed time frame were observed in the established COVIDIntensive Care Units of Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. The criteria for inclusion in the study were patients of any age and gender on ventilatory support with a confirmatory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 both by RT-PCR, and radiological evidence on HRCT Chest.
 Results: The mean age of patients was 59.39 ± 13.517 years. Patients who presented with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and more than ten days of illness with respiratory compromise had a higher occurrence to be placed on mechanical ventilation. There was a strong linear and positive correlation between the total days of illness on presentation and the total days on ventilatory support (p-value <0.01). This linear relationship consequently translated into overall mortality of 78.6% with a 21.4% survival rate.
 Conclusion: To conclude, the total days of illness in critical COVID-19 patients had a linear relationship to days on ventilatory support and overall mortality.

Suicide and Life Insurance.

Much has been written about the history of suicide and, notably, about societies that condemned both the act and the actor, resulting in a perpetuation of suicide being stigmatized in many cultures. One aspect of this perceived stigmatization involves exclusionary clauses in life insurance policies that reject paying benefits to survivor-beneficiaries of the decedent if the decedent has died by suicide within a prescribed time frame. From the perspective of the individual, life insurance is designed to protect the estate of a decedent from a significant financial burden. From the insurer's perspective, there are essentially 2 reasons for having a suicide exclusion clause: limiting risk and preventing or discouraging fraud. This column examines these rationales in light of the estimated few suicides that do occur during exclusionary clause time frames. Observations are made about the effect of these clauses on those impacted by the loss of a loved one who died by suicide within the exclusionary time frame. An examination of the perspectives of both the life insurance industry and the impacted survivors of suicide decedents raises questions about what are reasonable and appropriate exclusionary clause time frames that protect both the insurer and survivor-beneficiaries. The forensic expert consulting on such cases should be cognizant of these competing perspectives and engage in therapeutic assessment whenever possible, identifying opportunities to promote thoughtful suicide postvention.

Factors associated with treatment defaulting among adult leprosy patients in Sri Lanka: a case-control study

Background Treatment default in leprosy leads to progression of the disease and to disabilities. A defaulter is an individual who fails to complete treatment within a prescribed time frame. Defaulters can act as a source of infection in the community. Therefore, identifying factors contributing to defaulting will be essential to revise existing control strategies. Methods We conducted a hospital-based unmatched case-control study from March to October 2018 to assess the factors associated with treatment defaulting among adult leprosy patients in the Western province, Sri Lanka. Defaulting cases were true defaulters, and defaulters who have restarted treatment and control cases were patients on regular treatment. Defaulting cases were selected using the Clinic Leprosy Register, and three controls per case were selected by a consecutive sampling method. Data collection was carried out at households and clinics using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was carried out to identify the risk of each significant factor in the bivariate analysis for defaulting, adjusted for all confounders. Results The study was conducted among 98 defaulting cases and 294 control cases. The following risk factors were identified in the logistic regression analysis; age less than 60 years (adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.55–6.64, P < 0.05), poor knowledge about the disease (adjusted OR = 9.6, 95% CI: 4.96–18.55, p < 0.001), normal treatment duration (Paucibacillary 6 months; Multibacillary 12 months therapy) (adjusted OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 1.82–9.02, p < 0.001), and poor caregiver support (adjusted OR = 7.8, 95% CI: 3.97–15.46, p < 0.001). Conclusions Age less than 60 years, inadequate knowledge about the disease, normal treatment duration, and poor caregiver support were found to be factors associated with defaulting. Patients and caregivers should be educated to continue treatment and provided a travelling allowance for the needy to encourage clinic attendance.

Role of altered fractionation in radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy in management of carcinoma cervix: Time to revisit in the current COVID-19 pandemic

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 as COVID-19 virus has affected the entire world and so to the cancer care and health-care facility. Cancer cervix is one of the common malignancies among women in developing and underdeveloped countries. Various challenges are being faced by patients and health-care providers to deliver optimal treatment under prescribed time frame. Faster delivery of whole treatment is desirable in the current pandemic. Overall treatment time in cancer cervix has prognostic value. Adoption of altered fractionation to delivered external beam radiation therapy could be a method for faster delivery of whole treatment. Altered fractionation such as hyperfractionation (HFX), hypofractionation, and accelerated fraction alone or with HFX has already been experimented for the past three decades. The total duration of treatment has been significantly reduced without addition of much toxicity. Few studies had also highlighted the feasibility of addition of chemotherapy to such fractionation schedule. However, prospective studies are still warranted to generate data to further support its use in the future.

Advances in multisensor information fusion: A Markov–Kalman viscosity fuzzy statistical predictor for analysis of oxygen flow, diffusion, speed, temperature, and time metrics in CPAP

AbstractThe efficacies of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) are well documented in decreasing the apnoea–hypopnoea index in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. To guarantee these efficacies, CPAP manufacturers must thoroughly test these devices to ensure the flow of oxygenated air to the patient at various temperatures during a prescribed time frame. The calculation of the percent oxygen in a “bimixture” of gas can be done by measuring the travel time of a sound wave through the gas, and the travel time is proportional to the density of the air. We utilized existing multisensor tubes that were developed to collect and measure oxygen flow, diffusion, speed, temperature, and time metrics. Then these metrics were analysed using a Markov fuzzy, statistical, artificial neural network, nearest‐neighbour predictive approach to determine the interactions between these variables. An improved Kalman filter method was employed to reduce noise, increase viscosity, and obtain correct data from the CPAP system.

Asymptotic analysis and optimal control of an integro-differential system modelling healthy and cancer cells exposed to chemotherapy

We consider a system of two coupled integro-differential equations modelling populations of healthy and cancer cells under chemotherapy. Both populations are structured by a phenotypic variable, representing their level of resistance to the treatment. We analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the model under constant infusion of drugs. By designing an appropriate Lyapunov function, we prove that both cell densities converge to Dirac masses. We then define an optimal control problem, by considering all possible infusion protocols and minimising the number of cancer cells over a prescribed time frame. We provide a quasi-optimal strategy and prove that it solves this problem for large final times. For this modelling framework, we illustrate our results with numerical simulations, and compare our optimal strategy with periodic treatment schedules.

Social media adoption among lecturers at a traditional university in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Background: There is shortage of critical skills in the South African economy. One of the reasons for this shortage is that many students at traditional universities are not completing their degree within the prescribed time frame. The massification of education at traditional universities compounds this problem as there is a decrease in the interaction between lecturers and students. Information and communication technologies, and specifically social media, have been identified as a possible solution to aid traditional universities to improve their throughput rate. Social media has become an essential tool to increase student–lecturer interaction, collaboration and communication in academic setting.Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine social media adoption among lecturers at a traditional university in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa.Method: The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) framework was used as the theoretical foundation of the questionnaire that was distributed to 300 full-time staff members. A response rate of 39% was attained. Factor analysis was used to test the relationship between variables.Contribution: The study’s contribution is to the theoretical body of knowledge that affirms that the UTAUT framework is an appropriate tool to use to test adoption of social media at traditional universities.Conclusion: The findings indicated that academics are conversant with emerging technologies and could incorporate these technologies into academic settings with an aim to increase communication and interaction among lecturers and learners. The results revealed that performance expectancy, social influence, effort expectancy and behavioural intention have a positive influence on social media adoption and continued use by academics in teaching and learning at traditional university. The facilitating condition scale was not statistically significant, but must be considered by management in order to improve the adoption of social media among lecturers.

Factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students who registered as first years in 2010 at the University of Namibia (UNAM), Oshakati Campus in Oshana, Namibia

The University of Namibia (UNAM) is the only national university in Namibia that was established in 1992. It offers diploma and degree courses. The Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) was introduced in 2008 after the Diploma in Comprehensive Nursing Science was phased out. This degree is offered over the period of four years full-time. Students are allocated to the clinical practice throughout the training to acquire the relevant nursing skills. At the time of research the course was offered at two campuses only namely Windhoek and Oshakati. The total number of students who were admitted in 2010 was 83, but at the time of the research when they were in their fourth year, there were only 59. The difference of 24 was the students who could not make it to the fourth year and finish in the prescribed time frame. The lecturers were concerned with the poor performance of the students, the increased number of students with some modules behind, and the overcrowding of some classes. The purpose of the study was to identify, explore and describe the factors that hinder the academic performance of the nursing students at the UNAM Oshakati campus. The study was conducted among nursing students who registered for the Bachelor of Nursing Science (Clinical) (Honours) in 2010. The study was qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature using non-probability purposive sampling. The findings revealed that the academic performance of student nurses at the University of Namibia Oshakati campus is influenced by both internal and external factors. However, external factors are many compared to internal factors. External related factors comprise of teaching and learning, insufficient resources, lack of university accommodation, curriculum related and socio-economic factors. Teaching and learning related factors include use of one teaching strategy, language barriers, inadequate support and labeling of students by lecturers. On the other hand, insufficient resources are unavailability of the bookshop on campus, insufficient prescribed textbooks, poor internet facility, lack of space and less equipped library. Curriculum related factors include overloaded examination time table, huge scope of test, study day system and module pre-requisites, while socio-economic factors are problems in relationships, peer influence, financial problems and pregnancy while studying. Internal factors comprise of students’ attitude and lack of self-discipline among some students. Those factors result in increased number of students with some modules behind, overcrowding of some classes, increased student-lecturer ratio and some students not completing their studies within the prescribed time frame.

Development of a Tool for Assessing Commercial Building Resilience

Built environment resilience is becoming a more established concept, although there are no schemes yet devised to comprehensively measure building resilience from the point of view of a commercial building owner. For a commercial building owner, ‘building resilience’ can be defined as the ability to protect, maintain, or restore the functionality of, value of, and income generated by a building after a damaging event or circumstance within a prescribed time frame. There is a need to measure the resilience of individual buildings to help owners make better decisions and protect their assets, to better assess the built environment resilience of larger geographic units such as communities and cities, and to complement existing assessments of building sustainability. Based on a conceptual examination of resilience measurement and a review of the literature and other resources, this study develops a new resilience assessment tool: the Australian Resilience Measurement Scheme for buildings (ARMS). The scheme adopts resilience as a holistic concept incorporating physical, infrastructural, environmental, economic–social, political–regulatory, and organisational resilience, and is rated according to dimensions, subdimensions, and items scored on a points system. The scheme will allow the aspects in which a building is performing well or poorly to be identified as well as give an overall resilience rating. This paper also examines the lessons to be learned from sustainability assessment tools for measuring and assessing resilience in terms of tool structure, the weightings of items and dimensions, item measurability, whether items are performance based or feature based, and benchmarking. The tool is its infancy, and work to further develop it is continuing. As has occurred with the assessment of building sustainability, the assessment of building resilience will increase in importance to stakeholders of the built environment.

Survival Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated With Drug-Eluting Bead Chemoembolization

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall survival rates in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who undergo treatment with drug-eluting bead (DEB) therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A retrospective review of the clinical HCC database of a single institution was undertaken for patients treated between September 2008 and December 2011. Demographic information, laboratory and imaging findings, procedural details, and outcomes after treatment were obtained. The primary outcome was overall survival, which was stratified by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, Child-Pugh class, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, serum bilirubin level, and ethnicity. Multiple secondary independent variables were also measured. RESULTS. Of 239 consecutive patients treated during the prescribed time frame, 43 patients met the inclusion criteria. Thirty patients met the criteria for BCLC stage C, and 13 met the criteria for BCLC stage D based largely on ECOG score. Eight patients had venous invasion or portal venous thrombosis, and four had limited extrahepatic metastases. Eight patients had Child-Pugh class C liver disease but remained candidates for liver transplant based on the Milan criteria. The median overall survival was 596 days; 23 patients are still alive, 12 of whom underwent liver transplant. The only independent variables affecting survival were serum bilirubin value of 2.0 mg/dL or greater (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.96; 95% CI, 1.46-10.7; p = 0.007) and Child-Pugh class B or C disease (HR = 3.33; 95% CI, 1.07-10.34; p = 0.037). CONCLUSION. The use of DEBs for TACE therapy is safe and effective in carefully selected patients with advanced HCC.

P128 : LOW MFI DP DONOR SPECIFIC ANTIBODY PRODUCES UNEXPECTED WEAK POSITIVE FLOW B CELL CROSSMATCH

The new Ontario provincial renal allocation algorithm utilizes virtual crossmatch (CXM) to indicate the presence of current and cumulative DP DSA. Deceased donor typing and corresponding DP antibodies as reported by the recipients HLA laboratory are used. Currently, the presence of DP DSA does not preclude allocation but notification of DP DSA is provided. The clinical significance of DP DSA has been debated in current literature and varying results may be reported depending on local thresholds for positivity. Given this, each local program determines how DP DSA will be handled on a cases by case basis. Data is being collected by the provincial resource center on the ability of the DP virtual CXM to predict positive flow CXM. Our center has adopted a policy to accept all allocations with the presence of DP DSA and rely on a negative flow CXM to proceed to transplant. When the likelihood of flow CXM being positive is high, the program will bring a backup recipient into hospital. When the likelihood is low, the lab will perform CXM on two backup recipients that will not be brought into hospital. Our first case of DP DSA was in a 58 year old female with a cPRA of 98%, a potential DQ6 allele specific antibody and a DP3 DSA. The DQ6 allele specific antibody was ruled out and our local criteria indicated low likelihood of positive CXM due to low MFI (1000–2100) for the DP3 DSA. Other DP antibodies in the DED DEAV epitope pattern were present but with low MFI (1500–1900). We proceeded to flow CXM with this recipient and 2 backups that were not brought into hospital. Surprisingly, the B cell CXM testing performed on current monthly serum was positive. Unfortunately this DCD donor was not declared in the prescribed time frame and donation did not proceed. Single antigen bead testing was performed post call on the CXM serum to determine if new DSA was present. The antibody profile remained the same indicating the DP epitope group with the DP3 DSA all with low MFI. Further studies will be performed with surrogate DP3 positive and negative cells to lend more support to a determination of true DP DSA or some other non HLA reactivity.

VED & ABC Analysis of Inventories for a Wind Turbine Company

The life in our body is as long the blood is flowing, the moment the circulation of blood is stopped (stagnant) the body becomes dead. The message is anything stagnant become dead or useless. The same mantra of the business organization also. In an organization the larger portion of the current assets is inventories. As long as the inventories are converted to finished goods and the cash realization is happening without any delay with the prescribed time frame the organization is moving forward. The movement the inventories are stagnated for a long period the inventory cost will kill the organization. There are many different inventories controlling techniques are used by different company depending upon their situation. Mainly automotive, FMCG, Pharmaceuticals companies adopted many different techniques. I have not come across any such research paper for wind turbine companies. The objective of this paper is to study the entire raw material inventory of a wind turbine company and give the solution for the optimization of inventory.The organization where I did the study is an assembly of Nacelle, Hub, and manufacturing of Blade. All other components are outsourced. The entire inventory system to be studied, and establish the ABC & VED analysis and merge both VED& ABC matrix analysis, Establish critical inventories to be focused by the top management for optimization of inventories. Such study will give a major focus by the management and control the inventories based on sales order and project installation. This will give major benefit to the organization.

Business Process Reengineering Through Lean Thinking: A Case Study

Contemporary organizations dealing with software development are under immense pressure to deliver their software products quickly, within the prescribed time frame, and with the highest quality and lowest cost, knowledge working involves more dynamicity, invisibility, and uniqueness. To remain competitive, organizations are trying out the principles and concepts of lean thinking (LT), which were highly successful in the manufacturing sector, to improve their software development process (SDP). This led to the development of a new paradigm called lean software development (LSD). A literature review revealed that not many studies were available describing the implementation of LT from the perspective of an Indian context, although India is considered to be a preferred outsourcing destination for IT solutions. Furthermore, the review also revealed that application of value stream mapping (VSM)—a key tool in the armory of LT—is sparsely applied in the software sector. Hence, the objective of this study is no...