Natural Disaster Preparedness Research Articles

Towards a Disaster Preparedness School: Mapping of Disaster Mitigation Evacuation Routes at SMP Muhammadiyah Sewon Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Abstract. Indonesia is a country with a large population, with geographical conditions traversed by confluence of earth's plates that are actively moving, so that the area is prone to disasters. With these natural disasters, residents must be prepared for various kinds of disasters in order to save lives and minimize material losses and casualties. The level of preparedness for natural disasters should be instilled from the earliest possible age. One of the Muhammadiyah schools that is being reviewed in this service proposal is Muhammadiyah Middle School Sewon Bantul. This junior high school is located in Bandung Kulon, Pendowoharjo, Sewon. Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Looking historically, the Special Province of Yogyakarta is one of the areas in Indonesia which is prone to natural disasters such as earthquakes, exposure to volcanic ash from Mount Merapi, and cold lava. This school has general junior high school grade levels, namely grades seven, eight, and nine. From preliminary surveys and personal communications made to school administrators, it is known that there is no information and planning regarding natural disaster preparedness, and infrastructure related to evacuation routes and gathering points in the event of a natural disaster such as an earthquake. Departing from the problems found and described above, it is deemed necessary to carry out community service at the school in relation to mapping the existing conditions of spatial functions, planning evacuation routes and assembly points, as well as outreach regarding disaster preparedness. It is hoped that with this community service, students can better understand and be aware of the importance of being prepared for natural disasters such as earthquakes, not causing panic, and reducing the risks of losses that can result from natural disasters. In the long term, it is hoped that with optimal assistance, teachers can guide students so they can be more prepared for natural disasters such as earthquakes and furthermore, insert in the subjects taught to junior high school students related to natural disaster preparedness.

The Role of Trust in Disaster Risk Reduction: A Critical Review.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of trust within the domain of natural disaster management. Trust can be defined as a state of vulnerability where one party relies on another party with the expectation that the latter will carry out entrusted responsibilities without exploiting this inherent vulnerability. This comprehensive literature review is dedicated to the examination of research concerning community and institutional trust in the field of disaster risk reduction (DRR). Particular emphasis is placed on elucidating the influence of trust throughout the distinct phases of natural disaster management, namely prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The critical examination of the pertinent body of the literature demonstrates that trust plays a central role across the different phases of DRR, being positively associated with effective community responses and resilience. Hence, it becomes imperative to actively foster the development of trust at both institutional and community levels within the realm of DRR. This endeavor is essential for adequately preparing communities to confront natural disasters, crafting effective protocols to enhance community responsiveness and mitigate adverse consequences, and advancing strategies for successful reconstruction and recovery.

A Multifaceted Approach to Developing an Australian National Map of Protected Cropping Structures

As the global population rises, there is an ever-increasing demand for food, in terms of volume, quality and sustainable production. Protected Cropping Structures (PCS) provide controlled farming environments that support the optimum use of crop inputs for plant growth, faster production cycles, multiple growing seasons per annum and increased yield, while offering greater control of pests, disease and adverse weather. Globally, there has been a rapid increase in the adoption of PCS. However, there remains a concerning knowledge gap in the availability of accurate and up-to-date spatial information that defines the extent (location and area) of PCS. This data is fundamental for providing metrics that inform decision making around forward selling, labour, processing and infrastructure requirements, traceability, biosecurity and natural disaster preparedness and response. This project addresses this need, by developing a national map of PCS for Australia using remotely sensed imagery and deep learning analytics, ancillary data, field validation and industry engagement. The resulting map presents the location and extent of all commercial glasshouses, polyhouses, polytunnels, shadehouses and permanent nets with an area of >0.2 ha. The outcomes of the project revealed deep learning techniques can accurately map PCS with models achieving F-Scores > 0.9 and accelerate the mapping where suitable imagery is available. Location-based tools supported by web mapping applications were critical for the validation of PCS locations and for building industry awareness and engagement. The final national PCS map is publicly available through an online dashboard which summarises the area of PCS structures at a range of scales including state/territory, local government area and individual structure. The outcomes of this project have set a global standard on how this level of mapping can be achieved through a collaborative, multifaceted approach.

A Mapping Study of Psychological Preparedness in Dealing with Extreme Temperature Changes and Natural Disasters

Background: Natural disasters and extreme temperature changes are increasing every year in various parts of the world. Disasters and extreme temperatures have physical, material, and psychological impacts on society. Because of the local community's low psychological readiness, this impact frequently causes mental health problems. Study Aims: This study aims to reveal research mapping related to psychological preparedness for natural disasters and extreme temperatures in population groups in Indonesia and in non-Indonesia countries. Method: The method used in this study is a systematic literature review (SLR) of psychological preparedness, disaster, and climate change-related extreme temperature research. Data collection was carried out with the PoP8 software and the PRISMA chart. The research data were analyzed by bibliometric visualization and narrative analysis with the VOS Viewers software. There are 60 eligible articles for analysis. Result: 1) Disaster research in the world has increased in the last ten years, but there is a decreasing trend in 2020-2022 due to a focus on the COVID-19 pandemic. 2) Disaster studies in non-Indonesia countries and in Indonesia differ. non-Indonesia countries research focuses on disaster anticipation and post-disaster management. Meanwhile, in Indonesia is focusing on the psychological impact of disasters, environmental damage, and non-psychological disaster preparedness. 3) Research on psychological preparedness and risk perception in foreign countries is developing quite rapidly. In Indonesia, studies regarding the identification of risk factors and efforts to overcome disasters based on local wisdom are quite prevalent. Conclusion: According to the findings of these studies, there hasn't been much research on psychological preparedness for disasters in Indonesia. This indicates that the opportunity to conduct psychological preparedness research in Indonesia is still open and needed.

Examining Global Crises: Extracting Insights From the COVID-19 Pandemic and Natural Disasters to Develop a Robust Emergency Diabetic Retinopathy Strategy for Puerto Rico.

In this critical analysis, we investigate the profound impact of natural disasters and pandemics on the care and adherence to treating diabetic retinopathy, a severe complication of diabetes requiring continuous monitoring and treatment to prevent vision loss. Our study also sheds light on the social and economic context of Puerto Rico, emphasizing recent emergency events that have exacerbated existing public health challenges. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature from PubMed, Google Scholar, and the George Washington University Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library database, we identified 31 pertinent articles out of 45 evaluated, focusing on the effects of these crises on healthcare delivery, diabetic retinopathy screening, and treatment. The evidence strongly indicates that during such emergencies, barriers to healthcare escalate, leading to significant treatment delays and a reduction in diabetic retinopathy screening and diagnosis, ultimately resulting in deteriorated visual outcomes. Thus, our review underscores the urgent need for the development of effective emergency plans tailored specifically to diabetic retinopathy, particularly in Puerto Rico, where diabetes prevalence and its complications are notably higher. Such plans should not only incorporate established emergency measures but also harness emerging technological advances in the field of ophthalmology to ensure optimal preparedness for future pandemics and natural disasters.

How exercises help US communities meet the challenge of climate change: The FEMA National Exercise Division’s innovative exercise tools and resources

The US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) National Exercise Division (NED) leads the nation in validating the capabilities of the whole community in support of the National Preparedness System. In response to the increased threat of climate change, the NED has developed new resources to help communities increase preparedness for severe weather and natural disasters in the long term. This paper provides an overview of two such resources to help communities identify and prepare for climate-related events: the Long-Term Community Resilience Exercise Resource Guide (ERG) and the Climate Adaptation Exercise Series (CAES). These resources help communities develop and conduct exercises to increase their climate literacy, develop climate adaptation and mitigation plans, and leverage data on future climate conditions to inform decision-making. Exercises provide an opportunity for communities to build resilience by discussing and better understanding climate change and to plan for, adapt to, and mitigate the associated risks and hazards. The ERG provides guidance, tools and resources, and the CAES provides a consistent framework that FEMA regions can tailor to address unique, region-specific climate concerns. The results collected from these exercises, in turn, identify strengths to leverage and areas to improve, informing plans of action for a path forward for the next 20, 30 and 50 years.

Predictors of Natural Disaster Preparedness Among Healthcare Providers

Aims: Preparedness of medical personnel in dealing with disasters is strongly influenced by several factors, one of which is knowledge, attitude, role and organization in disaster management. Nowadays, healthcare profesional is facing frequent natural disaster, thus identification on their disaster preparedness is imperative. To identify factors related to the preparedness of medical personnel in handling natural disasters at the Regional General Hospital dr. Slamet, Garut Regency, West Java. Methods: This type of research was a cross-sectional study using an online survey. The sample technique used is convenience sampling with a total number of research subjects as many as 245 nurses and 54 doctors with a total of 299 respondents. The multivariate test uses simple linear regression. Results: The mean score of disaster preparedness among nurse was 137.33 (SD=16.79) and doctor was 136.07 (SD=17.40), dengan p-value 0.799. There was a significant relationship between preparedness and knowledge (r = 0.658, p-value = 0.000), attitude (r = 0.602, p-value = 0.0000), role (r = 0.541, p-value = 0.000), and organization (r = 0.610, p-value 0.000). Knowledge (B = 1.40 (95% CI = 0.62 - 2.19, p-value = 0.00), role (B = 0.94 (95% CI = 0.50 - 1.38, p-value = 0.001), and organization (B = 1.01 (95% CI = - 0.1 - 2.13, p-value = 0.035) had a significant relationship with the preparedness of medical personnel for natural disaster management with a R2 value of 0.58. Knowledge, roles, and organization were the dominant factors that significantly correlate with the preparedness of medical personnel for natural disaster management. Conclusion: Medical personnel at General Public Hospital Dr. Slamet Garut have good preparedness for natural disasters. They have good knowledge about disaster management but lack detailed planning. Attitudes towards disaster management are good, but improvement is lacking. The role of medical personnel is good, but leadership is lacking. Organizational factors, planning, policy, and professional development are significant factors affecting preparedness.

Natural Disaster Preparedness and Design Scenarios of Open Green Areas in Bingöl Province

Bingöl ili özellikle deprem, taşkın ve sel afetleri ile sıklıkla yüz yüze gelmektedir. Bu araştırma, afetler sonrası en çok kullanılan açık yeşil alanları konu edinmiş, seçilen alanların afet sonrası kullanılabilme durumlarını ve yapılabilecek iyileştirme çalışmalarını ele almıştır. Japonya’da kentsel afet önleme politikaları adı altında birçok büyük şehirde zorunlu kılınan bu yaklaşım, ülkemizde gerek uygulama gerekse akademik çalışmalarla desteklenmesi açısından başlangıç seviyesindedir. Bingöl ili gibi afetlerle sık sık karşılaşılan ve daha önce böyle bir çalışmanın yapılmadığı bir bölgede araştırmanın yapılmış olması araştırmayı özgün kılan başlıca nedenlerdendir. Doğu Anadolu Fay Hattı’nın ve depremlerin sıkça konuşulduğu ülkemizde bu çalışmanın yapılmış olması da ayrıca araştırmayı güncel kılmaktadır. Araştırma üç aşamadan oluşmuştur. Birinci aşamada seçilen açık yeşil alanlara kullanıcı memnuniyeti anketleri uygulanmış, ikinci aşamada yapılacak literatür taramaları ile afet sonrası açık yeşil alan kullanımları belirlenmiş ve anketlerle entegre edilmiş, üçüncü aşamada ise tasarım senaryoları geliştirilerek açık yeşil alanlarda yapılabilecek iyileştirmeler için leke çalışmaları yapılmıştır.

An Integrated Framework for Spatiotemporally Merging Multi-Sources Precipitation Based on F-SVD and ConvLSTM

To improve the accuracy and reliability of precipitation estimation, numerous models based on machine learning technology have been developed for integrating data from multiple sources. However, little attention has been paid to extracting the spatiotemporal correlation patterns between satellite products and rain gauge observations during the merging process. This paper focuses on this issue by proposing an integrated framework to generate an accurate and reliable spatiotemporal estimation of precipitation. The proposed framework integrates Funk-Singular Value Decomposition (F-SVD) in the recommender system to achieve the accurate spatial distribution of precipitation based on the spatiotemporal interpolation of rain gauge observations and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM) to merge precipitation data from interpolation results and satellite observation through exploiting the spatiotemporal correlation pattern between them. The framework (FS-ConvLSTM) is utilized to obtain hourly precipitation merging data with a resolution of 0.1° in Jianxi Basin, southeast of China, from both rain gauge data and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) from 2006 to 2018. The LSTM and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) are constructed for comparison purposes. The results demonstrate that the framework could not only provide more accurate precipitation distribution but also achieve better stability and reliability. Compared with other models, it performs better in variation process description and rainfall capture capability, and the root mean square error (RSME) and probability of detection (POD) are improved by 63.6% and 22.9% from the original GPM, respectively. In addition, the merged precipitation combines the strength of different data while mitigating their weaknesses and has good agreement with observed precipitation in terms of magnitude and spatial distribution. Consequently, the proposed framework provides a valuable tool to improve the accuracy of precipitation estimation, which can have important implications for water resource management and natural disaster preparedness.

Perceptions of Youth Religious Understanding of Natural Disaster Resistance and Preparedness

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world. In 2010, according to the Central Bureau of Statistics, Indonesia’s population was 237 million, with an average age of 27.2 years. The composition of the population living in villages and cities is quite balanced, but generally they live on the island of Java, which has a population of 57.5%. Of this population, around 32.3 million people live in Central Java, which is known as supermarkets for natural disasters, ranging from earthquakes, fires, tsunamis, floods, landslides, and eruptions. Central Java experiences disasters of land and forest fires every year, extreme weather, drought, infectious diseases, rob, and tornadoes. The paper aims to explore the religious understanding of young people toward natural disaster resilience and preparedness. This study found that religious understanding generally does not affect Muslim youth regarding resilience and preparedness when facing natural disasters. Young people understand disaster risk and utilize technology to regularly monitor disaster situations. However, the attitude of young Muslims regarding resilience and preparedness is relatively worrying. This study provides an empirical basis for efforts to increase disaster-resilient awareness, especially for youth living in Muslim-majority countries.
 Keywords: perceptions, youth religious, natural disaster resistance

The changing value of Antarctica to Australia’s security policy

ABSTRACT Antarctica is a crucial regulator of the world’s climate, and as environmental security permeates global security, using Antarctic science to better understand climate is becoming increasingly pressing. Although the Australian Government has recognised that climate change poses ‘a current and existential national security’ threat and has acknowledged Antarctica’s importance regarding the earth’s global climate system, the focus of Australia’s intelligence community pertaining to Antarctica currently remains restricted to upholding the military-security and diplomatic goals of the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS). This current focus aims to hedge against the possibility of conflict on, or over, the frozen continent via ‘working the ATS’, however, this paper argues that Antarctic climate science holds a greater capacity to deliver security outcomes for Australia. Antarctic climate science offers opportunities regarding intelligence for Antarctica, that is, securing Australia’s Antarctic interests, as well as regarding intelligence from Antarctica; by enhancing natural disaster preparedness, bolstering broader strategic planning, as well as furthering diplomacy and the legitimisation of Australia’s leadership on, and over, the frozen continent. It is recommended that the Commonwealth Government establish a climate intelligence working group to ensure the utility of climate science to security and intelligence is realised.

World Organization for Animal Health Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe Survey on Veterinary Service Preparedness for Natural Disasters

Introduction:National Veterinary Services of World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH) are responsible for a wide range of activities including animal health, animal welfare and veterinary public health. The WOAH European Region member countries were surveyed to determine and quantify the level of capacity to respond to natural disasters, determine the types of disasters experienced, determine their levels of education and training and identify gaps in capacity and specific needs of Member Countries for disaster response.Method:A web-based Qualtrics survey on Animal Welfare in Natural Disasters was conducted by Lincoln Memorial University in conjunction with the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe. The 50 question survey was distributed by email link to Member Countries points of contact provide by OIE. The survey was emailed to 53 OIE European Member Countries with reminder emails to complete. Survey results were compiled and tabulated. Only aggregate data is published and presented.Results:Forty-nine countries responded to the survey for a 92% completion rate. Floods, earthquakes and fire were the three most commonly encountered disasters. Fifty-two percent indicated they incorporated animal welfare into their disaster planning. Thirty-one percent indicated they had no or limited legal authority to manage animal emergencies in natural disasters. The species covered in the national response plan ranged from laboratory animals at 17% to livestock at 48%. Eighty-two percent had no or limited standard operating procedures and 73% had no training to respond to animal welfare in disasters. Budgets, trained personnel, equipment/supplies and legal authority were the most frequently identified gapsConclusion:The survey demonstrated there is a wide range of European Member Countries capacity to respond to animal welfare in natural disasters. This provides the baseline for the OIE Platform for Animal Welfare Europe to provide focused and actionable support to Member Countries

Investigating the Natural Disaster Preparedness of Hospital Pharmacists Across Four Hospitals in Australia

Introduction:In a climate where natural disasters are becoming progressively more frequent and severe, there is a greater need for healthcare resilience. Hospital pharmacists are important healthcare responders during disasters, but little is known about how prepared pharmacists are to fill roles in disasters or how prepared pharmacy departments are to support their response. The aim of this study was to determine the disaster preparedness of pharmacists and pharmacy departments in a Metropolitan Health Service in Australia and investigate any relationship between the two.Method:This research utilized two surveys to determine the individual preparedness of registered pharmacists within the eligible hospitals and the preparedness of pharmacy departments (this information was obtained through the Directors of Pharmacy).Results:In total, 68 individual pharmacists participated in the study. It was found that individuals were moderately prepared (preparedness score 19.98). Interventions, such as education, improved individual preparedness scores, though these had poor uptake, where only 17.4% (n=12/68) of participants had received disaster education or training. Individual preparedness was unaffected by facility preparedness and provision of comprehensive resources.The preparedness of hospital pharmacy departments was generally low, where two hospitals were rated as ‘somewhat prepared’, due to the presence of a mostly comprehensive plan and a moderate engagement in activities that contributed to preparedness. The third hospital was ‘poorly prepared’, as it did not have a disaster plan and had low engagement in preparedness activities.Conclusion:This study shows that a substantial improvement in pharmacy preparedness is required to achieve healthcare resilience and quality patient outcomes in disaster aftermath–further reinforcing the need for national and pharmacy-specific guidance, complemented by standardized preparedness interventions such as education and training. There is also a glaring disconnect between the preparedness of pharmacy facilities and their workforce, which demonstrates a culture of disaster preparedness.

Performance management process integration in humanitarian supply chains: focusing on the natural disaster preparedness stage

PurposeThis study aims to explore how to apply and integrate the performance management (PM) process in humanitarian supply chains (HSCs) among and between humanitarian organizations (HOs) and donors so as to improve cost-efficiency (CE) and lead-time effectiveness (LTE) in the stage of natural disaster preparedness.Design/methodology/approachThis study adapts and operationalizes a framework for the PM process used in commercial supply chains to assess HSCs. A multiple-case study with two types of actors – six HOs and three donors—is used to describe the applications of the PM process and analyze the level of integration between the actors.FindingsThe activities in the PM process could sometimes be only vaguely described. Both actors emphasized improving CE, with less emphasis on LTE. Both actors have a low level of integration in each PM process activity, decreasing the CE and LTE. Therefore, guidelines for improving the level of PM process integration are provided.Research limitations/implicationsTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first to combine literature on HSCs and PM process integration, thereby contributing to both literature fields. The concrete contribution of this study is a framework for PM process application and integration among and between HOs and donors.Practical implicationsThe PM process framework can be used to assess PM process application, as well as current and increased level of integration, to improve CE and LTE. The current applications can also inspire other HOs and donors.Originality/valuePrevious studies indicate the lack of frameworks in the PM domain of HSCs, especially in the stage of natural disaster preparedness.

Camera-based intelligent stream stage sensing for decentralized environmental monitoring

AbstractAccurate, vast, and real-time coverage of water level monitoring is crucial for the advancement of environmental research, specifically in the areas of climate change, water distribution, and natural disaster preparedness and management. The current state of the monitoring network requires an immediate solution to produce low-cost and accurate water level measurement sensors. This research presents a novel methodology for intelligent stream stage measurement, creating a distinct opportunity for a low-cost, camera-based embedded system that will measure water levels and share surveys to support environmental monitoring and decision-making. It is implemented as a stand-alone device that utilizes a registry of structures and points of interest (POI) along with the core modules of the application logic: (1) deep-learning powered water segmentation; (2) visual servoing; and (3) POI geolocation computation. The implementation relies on a Raspberry-Pi with a motorized camera for automated measurements and is supported by a Proportional–Integral–Derivative controller and multiprocessing. For future work, the involvement of the camera supports further use cases such as recognizing objects (e.g., debris, trees, humans, and boats) on the water surface. Additionally, the method shown can be made into a Progressive Web Application (PWA) that can be used on smartphones to allow crowdsourced citizen science applications for environmental monitoring.

The role of digital literacy capability of Babinsa Kodim 0705/Magelang to improve community preparedness for natural disasters

The intensity of disaster events that occur in the Kodim 0705/Magelang area is high. Therefore, Babinsa, who serves in the Kodim 0705/Magelang area as the spearhead who is in direct contact with the community in villages, has a central role in increasing community preparedness in the village under his guidance. To support the implementation of this task, Babinsa must have digital literacy capabilities in the face of natural disasters that occur. This research aims to analyze the role of the digital literacy capability of Babinsa, who serve in the Kodim 0705/Magelang area, in improving community preparedness in the village under their guidance in the face of natural disasters. The method used in this research is the library research method, where in this method the collection of reference sources related to the problem that is the topic of research is carried out, and then from the reference sources it is carefully understood so that the research results are obtained. The results showed that the Chapter’s digital literacy capability plays a very important role when faced with natural disasters, and advances in digital technology can improve commun ity preparedness to deal with natural disasters.

Assessment of airport conditions in resilience efforts: A review

Airports, as one of the important transportation infrastructures in a country or region, play a role in the distribution of goods and people. This study aims to compile variables from a literature review to assess the condition of airport natural disaster preparedness. Airports have good resilience when facing natural disasters. This study compiles literature by collecting references from various sources, including journal articles, proceedings articles, and textbooks. So, there are nine factors, such as safety, infrastructure, passenger facilities, availability and performance, operational efficiency, service quality, and environmental sustainability. and thirty subfactors in assessing airport conditions in resilience efforts.

Trend Analysis of Mangrove Forest Health in East Lampung Regency as Community Preparedness for Natural Disasters

The condition of mangrove forests in East Lampung Regency is currently experiencing degradation, resulting in the function of mangrove forests being reduced, especially in preventing natural disasters. This research is the third-year measurement of the activities of monitoring the health of mangrove forests in East Lampung Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the value and trend category of the health condition of the mangrove forest in East Lampung Regency. The stages of this research, namely: measuring the health trend of mangrove forests in the six FHM clusters that have been built and analysing the data using the Forest Health Assessment Information System software. The results of this study indicate that the trend value of the health condition of mangrove forests in each location is Kuala Penet (8.64-20.90) with a good category because CL-1 and CL-2 are constant, Margasari (2.52-5.57) in the bad category because CL-3 and CL-4 decreased, and Purworejo (5.58-8.63) in the moderate category because CL-5 and CL-6 increased. Thus, the average trend value of the health condition of the mangrove forest in East Lampung Regency (7.70) is in the moderate category. This can provide information to the community on preparedness in dealing with natural disasters.

Factors affecting the intention to prepare for tsunami in Thailand

The threat brought by natural disasters such as tsunamis is evident since the major chaotic event happened in 2004. Related studies have dealt with the mapping and routes for efficient evacuation but limited works of literature considered the intention to prepare for tsunamis. This study aimed to analyze different factors affecting the intention to prepare for tsunamis through the integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Protection Motivation Theory. A total of 736 valid responses collected via convenience sampling answered a self-administered cross-sectional online survey to measure the behavioral aspects holistically. Through the use of structural equation modeling, factors such as understanding tsunami affecting perceived severity (PS) and perceived vulnerability (PV) were seen to be the most significant relationship. In addition, attitude on intention to prepare showed a significant direct relationship, which led to an understanding of tsunami having an indirect effect on intention to prepare through PS, PV, and attitude. It could be deduced that when people understand the impact, severity, vulnerability, and aftermath brought by tsunamis, individuals would have a high positive relationship to attitude to prepare for tsunamis. This study presented practical and government implications for promoting mitigation and preparedness among people for tsunami. Moreover, the findings of this study may be applied to other countries that may be affected by tsunamis. This study is considered the first study that measured intention to prepare for tsunami holistically. Lastly, this study contributes to people's intention towards preparation for natural disasters which can be applied and extended for other calamities worldwide.

Disaster Preparedness among Nepalese Residing in Japan: a Mini-Review

The rate of natural disasters has shown prolific increment in last few years with Asia being one of the regions with highest occurrence of disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, landslides and so on. Nepalese immigrants are highly increasing in Japan hence the objective of this study was to identify the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of disaster preparedness among them. A structured questionnaire was used and bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the determinants of knowledge, attitude and practice. Total of 404 Nepalese participated in this study and we identified that Nepalese immigrants has lower practice of natural disaster preparedness. We also identified that Japanese language is the biggest barrier for Nepalese to seek correct information on disaster preparedness. Thus, Japan government in light of growing immigrant population should think about policies to include information related to natural disasters in Nepali language into their official websites in order to increase their KAP on disaster preparedness.