Preparative Centrifugal Partition Chromatography Research Articles

Pilot continuous centrifugal liquid-liquid extraction of extra virgin olive oil biophenols and gram-scale recovery of pure oleocanthal, oleacein, MFOA, MFLA and hydroxytyrosol

This study provides an efficient pilot-scale liquid-liquid extraction process for the recovery of total phenolic fraction (TPF) from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and the further purification of the major TPF constituents (oleocanthal, oleacein, monoaldehydic form of oleuropein aglycone, monoaldehydic form of ligstroside aglycone and hydroxytyrosol) using successively centrifugal partition chromatography and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Special attention was paid for the selection of the appropriate raw material, which should be rich in the targeted high-value compounds. For the extraction of the selected EVOOs, a green technique based on liquid-liquid partitioning using the biphasic system n-Hept/EVOO/EtOH/H2O 3:2:3:2 v/v was carried out, first on pioneering laboratory-scale annular centrifugal extractor (ACE) and then on pilot device. 240 L from three different EVOOs (3x80 L of each EVOO) were extracted yielding 285 g of TPF in approximately 2 h. The second step of this procedure was the purification of the target compounds. A preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) process was firstly applied for the initial TPF fractionation using a step gradient elution-extrusion method with a series of 4 biphasic systems composed of n-Hept/EtOAc/EtOH/H2O in ratios 4:1:3:2, 3:2:3:2, 2:3:3:2 and 1:4:3:2 (v/v/v/v). Preparative reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (prep-RP-HPLC) was then carried out to polish the target compounds from the enriched CPC fractions resulting in purity higher than 97%. In parallel, the above purification analysis led to the isolation of four minor TPF constituents of which three are new natural products (EDA lactone, (1R, 8E)-1-ethoxy-ligstroside aglycon and (1S, 8E)-1-ethoxy-ligstroside aglycon) and one ((9E, 11E)-13-oxotrideca-9,11-diencoic acid) is described for the first time as EVOO constituent.

Fractionation of UV-B absorbing molecules and of free radical scavenging compounds from Solieria chordalis by using centrifugal partition chromatography

Liquid-liquid chromatography can lead to the isolation of compounds or enrichment of fractions. To investigate the structural characteristics of antioxidants and UV-B absorbing molecules, a preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method was developed to prepare enriched bioactive fractions from the red seaweed Solieria chordalis (Gigartinales, Solieriaceae). After a methanolic extraction of dried Solieria chordalis and liquid-liquid separation using ethyl acetate/water (v/v), the ethyl acetate phase was submitted to CPC using Arizona Y of the quaternary solvent system composed of n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (19/1/19/1, v/v) in ascending mode. Among the fifteen collected fractions, three fractions gave up to 23.50% of DPPH radical scavenging activity. The CPC fractionation was monitored by HPLC and, four compounds exhibited UV-B absorbing capacity regarding their absorption at 310nm.

Green and roasted coffee extracts as antioxidants in \u03b2TC3 cells with induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation inhibitors in 3T3L1 cells, and their bioactivity in rats fed high fat diet

Chlorogenic acids from coffee show high antioxidant activity that contributes to inhibition of oxidative stress, which results in anticancer, antidiabetic and antiobesity coffee activities. Coffee roasting causes their partial decomposition and partial incorporation into Maillard reaction products also of high antioxidant activity, and it is still not clear whether more favorable impact on health is associated with the consumption of green or roasted coffee. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of coffee roasting process and also of the degree of chlorogenic acid esterification on bioactivity of coffee extracts. Extracts of green and roasted coffee and their fractions containing mono- and dichlorogenic acids (six extracts) were obtained by purification and optional fractionation of crude extracts using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography technique. The extracts were evaluated in vitro in terms of scavenging capacity, influence on lipids accumulation in 3T3L1 adipocytes, cytoprotective potential decreasing oxidative stress induced by cellular pro-oxidants in βTC3 cells, and in vivo by selected physiological indices in rats fed diets supplemented with the extracts. Roasted coffee extracts, in particular hydrophilic fraction containing monochlorogenic acids and Maillard reaction products, showed the highest scavenging capacity and contributed to the highest level of antioxidants in the hydrophilic fraction of rats serum and may be potentially used as anticancer nutraceutical with oxidative stress inhibitor activity. Non-fractionated green coffee extract exhibited antidiabetic activities including inhibition of adipogenesis, while in vivo it significantly lowered the levels of triglycerides, glucose and oxidized glutathione.

Schinus terebinthifolius countercurrent chromatography (Part III): Method transfer from small countercurrent chromatography column to preparative centrifugal partition chromatography ones as a part of method development

Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) and centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) are support free liquid-liquid chromatography techniques sharing the same basic principles and features. Method transfer has previously been demonstrated for both techniques but never from one to another. This study aimed to show such a feasibility using fractionation of Schinus terebinthifolius berries dichloromethane extract as a case study. Heptane − ethyl acetate − methanol −water (6:1:6:1, v/v/v/v) was used as solvent system with masticadienonic and 3β-masticadienolic acids as target compounds. The optimized separation methodology previously described in Part I and II, was scaled up from an analytical hydrodynamic CCC column (17.4mL) to preparative hydrostatic CPC instruments (250mL and 303mL) as a part of method development. Flow-rate and sample loading were further optimized on CPC. Mobile phase linear velocity is suggested as a transfer invariant parameter if the CPC column contains sufficient number of partition cells.

A single-step isolation of useful antioxidant compounds from Ishige okamurae by using centrifugal partition chromatography

One of the main compounds in Ishige okamurae, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), is known to exhibit antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. However, it has not been investigated extensively. In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) coupled with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+) online HPLC was employed for effectively separating considerable amounts of antioxidant compounds from marine algae. Two main antioxidant compounds, DPHC and octaphlorethol A (OPA), respectively, were confirmed and isolated from the ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of I. okamurae by ABTS+ online HPLC and preparative CPC systems. The presence of DPHC and OPA was confirmed in the EtOAc fraction of I. okamurae by both liquid chromatography with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-DAD-ESI/MS) and ABTS+ online HPLC systems: DPHC (39 mg) and OPA (23 mg) were successfully isolated from I. okamurae (500 mg) with optimum solvent composition (0.5:10:4:6; n-hexane/EtOAc/MeOH/water, v/v) with corresponding partition coefficients (K) of 1.62 and 2.71, respectively, by preparative CPC. Hence, CPC coupled with ABTS+ online HPLC is convenient for the efficient and simple isolation of these antioxidant compounds from I. okamurae.

A single-step isolation of squalene from olive oil deodorizer distillates by using centrifugal partition chromatography

ABSTRACTHigh added-value squalene (SQ) was purified in one step from olive oil deodorizer distillates (OODD) using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) method, operating in the dual mode. The fractionation was performed using a non-aqueous biphasic solvent system consisting of heptane–acetonitrile–butanol (1.8:1.4:0.7, v/v/v), leading to the isolation of the target compound in 4 hours, using a preparative 1L column. Furthermore, a fast UHPLC-DAD method was developed and applied for the identification and quantification of SQ in both OODD and purified form. The content of SQ in the initial material was 23.4%, while the purity of the isolated SQ was 95.5%. The recovery of SQ was calculated at 76.3%. The productivity of the process was calculated at 234 mg/h/L.

Development of a Sustainable Procedure for the Recovery of Hydroxytyrosol from Table Olive Processing Wastewater Using Adsorption Resin Technology and Centrifugal Partition Chromatography.

The present endeavor aims to establish a novel procedure, applicable to the extraction and isolation of hydroxytyrosol from table olive processing wastewater. A two-step chromatographic separation is presented using non-ionic absorbent resin for the recovery of its phenolic content, followed by purification of hydroxytyrosol with centrifugal partition chromatography. Two table olive processing wastewaters, obtained from Kalamon and Amfissis olive varieties, were used. In the extracts obtained after resin treatment, the hydroxytyrosol content was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection to be 4.05% and 10.10%, respectively. The extract from Amfissis table olive processing wastewater was further processed with preparative centrifugal partition chromatography for the purification of hydroxytyrosol. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that the isolated compound was >95% purity.

Separation of Aeruginosin-865 from Cultivated Soil Cyanobacterium (Nostoc sp.) by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography combined with Gel Permeation Chromatography

Aeruginosin-865 was isolated from cultivated soil cyanobacteria using a combination of centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and gel permeation chromatography. The solubility of Aer-865 in different solvents was evaluated using the conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS). The CPC separation was performed in descending mode with a biphasic solvent system composed of water-n-BuOH-acetic acid (5:4:1, v/v/v). The upper phase was used as a stationary phase, whereas the lower phase was employed as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. The revolution speed and temperature of the separation column were 1700 rpm and 25 degrees C, respectively. Preparative CPC separation followed by gel permeation chromatography was performed on 50 mg of crude extract yielding Aer-865 (3.5 mg), with a purity over 95% as determined by HPLC. The chemical identity of the isolated compound was confirmed by comparing its spectroscopic data (UV, HRESI-MS, HRESI-MS/MS) with those of an authentic standard and data available in the literature.

Evaluation on Anticancer Effect Against HL-60 Cells and Toxicity in vitro and in vivo of the Phenethyl Acetate Isolated from a Marine Bacterium Streptomyces griseus

We previously identified Streptomyces griseus as an anti-cancer agent (Kim et al., 2014). In this study, we isolated compounds from S. griseus and evaluated their anticancer effect and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was used to obtain three compounds, cyclo(L-[4-hydroxyprolinyl]- L –leucine], cyclo(L-Phe-trans-4-hydroxy-L-Pro) and phenethyl acetate (PA). We chose PA, which had the highest anticancer activity, as a target compound for further experiments. PA induced the formation of apoptotic bodies, DNA fragmentation, DNA accumulation in G0/G1 phase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Furthermore, PA treatment increased Bax/Bcl-xL expression, activated caspase-3, and cleaved poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) in HL-60 cells. Simultaneous evaluation in vitro and in vivo, revealed that PA exhibited no toxicity in Vero cells and zebrafish embryos. We revealed, for the first time, that PA generates ROS, and that this ROS accumulation induced the Bcl signaling pathway.

Protective effect of a freshwater alga, Spirogyra sp., against lipid peroxidation in vivo zebrafish and purification of antioxidative compounds using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography

A freshwater alga, Spirogyra sp., collected in shallow ponds in South Korea, was evaluated for its antilipid peroxidative effect against 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced in vivo zebrafish, and antioxidative compounds from the alga were efficiently identified using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS+) online high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and preparative centrifugal partition chromatography. The ethyl acetate fraction of Spirogyra sp. (SPE) in each fraction showed the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and significantly scavenged 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and diphenyl-1-pyrenylphosphine fluorescence, respectively, in AAPH-induced zebrafish embryo without any cytotoxicity in the concentrations between 25 and 50 μg mL−1. The two main antioxidative compounds in SPE were confirmed by ABTS+ online HPLC and were identified as gallic acid and methyl gallate, respectively, by HPLC–diode array detection (DAD)–electrospray ionization (ESI)/mass spectrometry (MS), 1H- and 13C-NMR. We conclude therefore that Spirogyra sp. is rich in gallic acid and methyl gallate, and it might be useful as a strong antilipid peroxidation material.

Evaluation of the Biological Activities of Marine Bacteria Collected from Jeju Island, Korea, and Isolation of Active Compounds from their Secondary Metabolites

To explore marine microorganisms with medical potential, we isolated and identified marine bacteria from float s, marine algae, animals, and sponges collected from Jeju Island, Korea. We isolated and identified 21 different strains from the marine samples by 16S rRNA analysis, cultured them in marine broth, and extracted them with ethyl acetate (EtOAc) to collect secondary metabolite fractions. Next, we evaluated their anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. Among the 21 strains, the secondary metabolite fraction of Bacillus badius had both strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, and thus was selected for further experi ments. An antioxidant compound detected from the secondary metabolite fraction of B. badius was purified by preparative cen trifugal partition chromatography (n-hexane:EtOAc:methanol:water, 4:6:4:6, v/v), and identified as diolmycin A2. Additionally, diolmycin A2 strongly inhibited nitric oxide production. Thus, we successfully identified a significant bioactive compound from B. badius among the bacterial strains collected from Jeju Island.

Centrifugal Partition Chromatography에 의한 황백으로부터 Berberine의 분리 및 정제

Cortex Phellodendri (CP) is derived from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense. It has been widely used as a drug in traditional Korea medicine for treating diarrhea, jaundice, swelling pains in the knees and feet, urinary tract infections, and infections of the body surface. Many analytical methods have been used to study oriental herbal medicines, such as thin-layer chromatography, column liquid chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully carried out in order to separate pure compounds from a CP methanol extract. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5 v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 3 mL/min in ascending mode with rotation at 1,000 rpm. The CPC-separated fraction and purification procedures were carried out by preparatory HPLC. The NMR spectrum revealed that the resonances at 4.10 and 4.20 ppm corresponded to three protons (), whereas those at 6.10 ppm corresponded to two protons (). Further, two aromatic protons (H-11 and H-12) conveys a doublet-doublet pattern. The H-11 doublet and H-12 doublet appear at 7.98 and 8.11, respectively. The NMR. spectrum showed a tetrasubstituted with a methylenedioxy group at C2 and C3, and two methoxy groups at C9 and C10. The chemical structure of the berberine was identified by , -nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy spectral data analysis.

황백나무로부터 항균성분의 분리 및 정제

황백 껍질은 황벽나무(Phellodendron amurense)의 건조된 수피로부터 얻어진다. 이 수피는 한국의 전통 한약제로서, 설사, 황달, 무릎과 발의 통증, 요도관 및 피부 감염증에 폭넓게 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구는 황벽나무의 메탄올 추출액으로부터 항균성 화합물 분리를 위해 CPC 방법으로 효과적으로 수행하였다. 두 용매의 CPC 최적조성은 n-butanol:acetic acid:water(4:1:5 v/v/v)이었다. 이동상의 유속은 1,000 rpm 회전력에서 상승법으로 분당 3 <TEX>$m{\ell}$</TEX> 속도로 전개시켰다. CPC에서 분리된 분획분은 prep-HPLC로 정제하였다. 분리된 palmatine은 <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>, <TEX>$^{13}C$</TEX>-NMR, ESI-MS 데이터 분석으로 확인하였다. Cortex Phellodendri (CP) is derived from the dried bark of Phellodendron amurense. It has been widely used as a drug in traditional Korea medicine for treating diarrhea, jaundice, swelling pains in the knees and feet, urinary tract infections and infections of the body surface. In this study, preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) was successfully carried out to separate antibacterial compounds from a CP methanol extract. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol: acetic acid: water (4:1:5 v/v/v). The flow rate of the mobile phase was 3 <TEX>$m{\ell}/min$</TEX> in ascending mode with rotation at 1,000 rpm. The CPC-separated fraction and purification procedures were carried out by preparatory HPLC. Palmatine weas identified by <TEX>$^1H$</TEX>, <TEX>$^{13}C$</TEX>-nuclear magnetic resonance and electrospray ionization-mass spectroscopy spectral data analysis.

Preparative isolation of sargachromanol E from Sargassum siliquastrum by centrifugal partition chromatography and its anti-inflammatory activity.

Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) can be used to isolate various bioactive compounds from natural materials by one-step. We confirmed antioxidative compounds existed in chloroform (CHCl3) fraction of Sargassum siliquastrum using online-HPLC. Fractions (A, B, C, D and E) were separated from the CHCl3 fraction by preparative CPC (n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water, 5:5:7:3, v/v). In this study, we proved that the isolated compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory activities using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The fraction A which exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production level, was confirmed as sargachromanol E by LC-MS-ESI, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR data. The sargachromanol E significantly reduced the inflammatory response in LPS induced macrophages, decreasing LPS-induced transcription factor of pro-inflammatory cyclooxygenase-2, NO synthase, phosphate P38, phosphate ERK1/2, LPS-stimulated tumor-necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta and prostaglandin E2 release. In conclusion, it was suggested that sargachromanol E inhibited inflammation in LPS induced RAW 264.7 cells via MAPK pathway.

Centrifugal partition chromatography applied to the isolation of oak wood aroma precursors

Flavours extracted from oak wood during barrel ageing contribute to the organoleptic character of wines and spirits. The aim of this work was to identify the glycosidic precursors of the key volatile compounds responsible for oak wood aroma. Oak extract is a very complex matrix and, furthermore, precursors are present in very small quantities. Preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a promising solution for purifying the oak extract. The solvent system was selected on the basis of the partition coefficient of glycosidase enzyme activity (Kca). Thanks to the efficacy of CPC separation, three glucoside gallates were subsequently isolated by HPLC chromatography. Vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and (6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-(6′-O-galloyl)-β-glucopyranoside (macarangioside E) were isolated and identified. This was the first time that vanillin-(6′-O-galloyl)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside was identified and the first time that macarangioside E was isolated from oak wood. Heating macarangioside E resulted in the formation of megastigmatrienone, which has an aroma reminiscent of tobacco.

PREPARATIVE ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF PRENYLATED ISOFLAVONOIDS FROM CUDRANIA TRICUSPIDATA FRUITS USING CENTRIFUGAL PARTITION CHROMATOGRAPHY

Prenylated isoflavonoids such as 6,8-diprenylorobol, 6,8-diprenylgenistein and 4′-O-methylalpinumisoflavone were purified from n-hexane extract of C. tricuspidata fruits using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) with a n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (7:3:6:4, v/v, ascending mode) solvent system in a one-step within 200 min. One-step preparative CPC yielded 22.4 mg of 6,8-diprenylorobol and 26.7 mg of 6,8-diprenylgenistein with 95% and 85% purity, respectively, from 350 mg of crude hexane extract. Further purification by crystallization in methanol yielded 4′-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (9.3 mg) at over 95% purity based on the HPLC analysis. The chemical structures of purified compounds were elucidated by 1H, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS.

향류분배 크로마토그라피법에 의한 황련(Coptis chinensis) 뿌리로 부터 Berberine의 분리

SUMMARY Coptis chinensis Franch rhizome is one of the important traditional Korea medicines with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-hypertensive and anti-cancer properties. The methanol extract of rhizome from the Coptis chinensis rhizome was purified by using preparative centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) and HPLC method. The optimum two-phase CPC solvent system was composed of n-butanol:acetic acid:water at a ratio of 4:1:5. Berberine (16.8 ㎎) was successfully isolated by CPC and HPLC. The chemical structure of the compound was identified by (1 H) 1 H, 13 C-NMR and ESI-MS spectral data analysis. REFERENCES Chen J, Wang F, Liu J, Lee FSC, Wang X, Yang H. 2008. Analysis of alkaloids in Coptis chinesis Franch by accelerated solvent extraction combined with ultra performance liquid chromato-graphic analysis with photodiode array and tandem mass spectrometry detections. Analytica Chimica Acta 613:184-195Cheong JH, Kim CY, Kim JW. 2007. Preparative isolation and purification of sinomenine from Sinomenium acutum by cen-trifugal partition chromatography. J Sep Sci 30:2105-2108Deevanhxay P, Suzuki M, Maeshibu N, Li H, Tanaka K, Hirose S. 2009. Simultaneous characterization of quaternary alkaloids, 8-oxoprotoberberine alkaloids, and a steroid compound in Coscinium fenistratum by liquid chromatography hybrid ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 50: 413-425Kim CY, Ahn MJ, Kim JW. 2006. Preparative isolation of mangi-

A preparative method for isolation of fucoxanthin from Eisenia bicyclis by centrifugal partition chromatography.

Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell (Laminariaceae) is a common brown alga that inhabits around the coast of Korea, Japan and China. It contains fucoxanthin, a major carotenoid of brown algae which shows a variety of pharmaceutical functions. The aim of this investigation was the quantification and preparative isolation of fucoxanthin from fresh E. bicyclis using a new separation scheme, centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). The fucoxanthin fraction (Fuco fraction) was prepared by solvent partition method from the acetone extract of fresh E. bicyclis. Fuco fraction was used for CPC using a two-phase solvent system of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-ethanol-water (5:5:7:3, v/v/v/v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 2 mL/min with descending mode while rotating at 1000 rpm. The eluate was monitored at 410 nm. The content and structure of fucoxanthin in the CPC fraction were confirmed with HPLC, UV, APCI/MS and NMR spectra. A preparative CPC yielded 20 mg of fucoxanthin (87% recovery from Fuco fraction) in a two-step separation from 516 mg of Fuco fraction containing 4.59% fucoxanthin. The purity of the isolated fucoxanthin was about 81% in the first CPC step and over 98% in the second CPC step based on the calibration curve. The isolated fucoxanthin was identified as all-trans-fucoxanthin with APCI/MS (parent ion at m/z 641 [M + H - H(2) O](+) ) and (1) H, (13) C and 2-D NMR spectra. High-purity fucoxanthin was successfully isolated from fresh E. bicyclis, suggesting further potential applications in the industrial use of this valuable carotenoid.

Preparative enantioseparation of (±)-N-(3,4-cis-3-decyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-4-yl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide by centrifugal partition chromatography

The racemic compound (+/-)-N-(3,4-cis-3-decyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthren-4-yl)-3,5-dinitrobenzamide ((+/-)-1), an analogue of increased lipophilicity of the chiral selector (CS) contained in the Whelk-O HPLC chiral stationary phase (CSP) has been resolved into its enantiomers by applying centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Considering the known enantioselectivity of the Whelk-O CS for naproxen, and the reciprocity concept in enantioseparation, (S)-naproxen related compounds were tested as CSs. In the search for an adequate solvent system, the partition behaviour of the two solutes, CS and racemate, has been studied using several biphasic solvent mixtures. The optimal CS concentration and sample loading capacity were determined in the chosen solvent system. The search for an appropriate CS and solvent system, the scale-up and optimization of the enantiomer separation by CPC, as well as the rationale for the unexpected elution order of enantiomers, are here described. The comparison of the preparative CPC separation achieved with that in HPLC, using a CSP containing an analogous CS, resulted favourable to the former in terms of loading capacity, solvent consumption and throughput.

New Technologies in Manufacture of Original Medical Preparations

&lt;p&gt;The progressive, ecologically pure technologies of isolation of sesquiterpene €-lactones of plant origin were examined in this article. The original phytopreparations were developed on their basis. The pharmacoeconomic characteristics of the obtaining of substances of phytopreparations with application of supercritical CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-extraction and method of preparative centrifugal partition chromatography in comparison with the classical methods of extraction and column chromatography were presented.&lt;/p&gt;