Tooth Preparation Research Articles

Evaluation of Marginal Adaptation of Metal Ceramic Crown with Different Luting Cement

The study aims to evaluate and compare the microleakage of three different luting materials. The materials compared are Zinc phosphate cement, Variolink II Refill and Glass ionomer resin cement. Eighteen recently extracted caries-free wisdom teeth were used . The teeth were cleaned then stored in distilled water until use. The molars were assigned randomly into three groups of 6 teeth of each . The metal ceramic crowns were constructed by means of an indirect laboratory technique. In group A, the crowns were cemented with a traditional Zinc Phosphate. In group B, the tooth preparations were sealed with Variolink II Refill. In group C, the tooth preparations were sealed with glass ionomer resin cement prior to cementation with the crowns. The results showed higher value of microleakage for Zinc phosphate cement. While the least value was for the Variolink II . The value for Glass ionomer resin cement was low. Statistically analysis revealed difference between the Zinc phosphate cement ,Variolink II and Glass ionomer resin cement in microleakage. There was no significant difference in microleakage between Variolink II and Glass ionomer resin cement. This may indicated that the degree of microleakage may influenced by the type of the luting system used.

Impact of Auxiliary Features on Retention of Short Dental Crowns: An In-Vitro Analysis of Box and Groove Preparations.

BACKGROUND Several auxiliary features have been proposed to achieve sustainable retention for short-prepared dental crowns; however, achieving retention is challenging. This study aimed to assess the impact of increased total occlusal convergence and auxiliary preparation factors like box and groove on the retention form of short tooth preparations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty resin machine-milled dies with a height of 3 mm and a deep chamfer margin of 1 mm were prepared to mimic the short-prepared molar. Initially, 2 teeth were prepared following the guidelines, and the total occlusal convergence was kept at 10° and 20°, respectively. Auxiliary features such as the proximal box and buccal groove were prepared on separate 20° dies. Eighty dies were prepared with 10 samples each for 10°, 20°, 20° with proximal box and 20° with buccal groove for zirconia (n=40) and metal crowns (n=40). Cementation was done with glass ionomer luting cement, and a pull-off test was conducted. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc fisher least significant difference test (P<0.05). RESULTS The highest mean was observed in the proximal box group with the metal crown (14.59), and the lowest in the group with 20° zirconia crowns (9.12). Within groups, the highest retentive values were found for the 20° taper with proximal box preparation; the lowest was for the 20° taper group. CONCLUSIONS Within the study limitations, it could be concluded that incorporating a proximal box or buccal groove in short tooth preparations with an increased total occlusal convergence improved retentive values.

Clinical Evaluation of Maneuverability and Durability of Titanium Nitride-coated Preformed Crown on Primary Molar Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The management of multisurface carious primary molar is challenging. Currently, the ideal choice for the management of extensive multi-surface carious primary molar is the placement of a preformed stainlesssteel crown (SSC)/preformed zirconia crown. Unfortunately, conventional preformed SSCs are frequently refused by parents for esthetic reasons, while the preformed zirconia crown has its own disadvantages like high cost and excessive tooth preparation. To evaluate the maneuverability and durability of titanium nitride-coated crowns on primary molar teeth and to assess the child-parent satisfaction of titanium nitride-coated gold-colored preformed crowns over metal-colored preformed SSC on primary molar teeth. Randomized controlled trial conducted on children between the age-groups of 6- and 9-year-old children. Group I for titanium nitride-coated preformed crown and group II for preformed SSC (control group) were allotted with a simple random technique. The maneuverability of the titanium nitride-coated crowns was evaluated in comparison with preformed SSC in terms of the level of difficulty while trimming, contouring, crimping, and wearing out of titanium nitride coating while manipulating. Participants of group I were recalled for follow-up in the 1st, 6th, and 12th months to evaluate the durability of the titanium nitride coating on the preformed crowns. There were no failures at the 12-month follow-up in terms of the durability of the titanium nitride coating, and there was no significant difference seen in terms of the maneuverability of both crowns. Overall, child-parent satisfaction was good with gold-colored titanium nitride-coated crowns. The study concluded that titanium nitride-coated gold crowns could be a boon to pediatric dentistry and serve as an alternative to metal-colored SSCs. Vundela RR, Gupta N, Balamurugan S, et al. Clinical Evaluation of Maneuverability and Durability of Titanium Nitride-coated Preformed Crown on Primary Molar Teeth: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(S-3):S263-S267.

Принципи планування препарування зубів під незнімні конструкції зубних протезів за аналізом конусно-променевої комп’ютерної діагностики

Introduction. The relevance of the study is to develop a plan for the preparation of teeth for fixed dentures based on the analysis of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) to prevent complications. The aim of the study. To develop the basic principles of planning the preparation of different groups of teeth for fixed dentures based on the analysis of cone beam computed tomography. Materials and methods. An analysis of the planning of orthopedic treatment of fixed dentures on the basis of CBCT examination of the teeth of the upper and lower jaws in 26 patients with disorders of the anatomical structure of the crown part of the teeth and their placement in the dentition, defects of the crown part of the teeth, tremas and diastemas, and 42 patients with small and medium defects of the dentition was carried out. The examination was performed on an X-ray machine with the function of a Veraviewepocs 3D R100 P computed tomography scanner. Results of the study. The analysis of examinations of the anatomical structure of different groups of teeth using CBCT showed the possibility of preliminary determining the safe areas of the predicted volume of tissue preparation of the crown part of the tooth for fixed dentures, correctly modelling the future slope of the prepared tooth walls with the condition of a tight fit of the artificial crown in the cervical region of the tooth and the possibility of preparing a tooth with a ledge while maintaining its vitality. It was proved that using the software function “Measurements and Overlays”, “Measure angle” in the lateral and frontal projections, it is possible to selectively shift the slope and optimally move the lines (of the future preparation) on the medial, distal, lingual, vestibular sides of the teeth (maintaining their parallelism with an accuracy of 0.01 degrees) and solve possible options for the predicted volumetric preparation of the vital teeth for fixed dentures. The criterion for choosing the predicted depth of preparation of the tissues of the crown part of the vital teeth in the cervical region from the vestibular, oral, medial and distal sides, without a ledge or using the appropriate depth of the ledge, is the thickness of the dentin to the pulp chamber of the tooth in the axial plane, which was measured with the “Ruler” function with an accuracy up to 0.01 mm. Conclusions. The use of the obtained CBCT data of the anatomical structure of the teeth will allow the following: to predict the possibility of preparation of the vital teeth for fixed dentures, to predict the volume of preparation of the crown part of the tooth, taking into account its individual anatomical structure and tooth inclination, to optimally choose the method of preparation – without a ledge or using the appropriate depth of the ledge, to prevent complications from the tooth pulp and marginal periodontium, and to improve the quality of orthopedic treatment of fixed dentures. Key words: cone beam computed tomography, periodontium, defects of teeth and dentition, abutment teeth, orthopedic structures, fixed bridges, tooth preparation.

Perception of Prophylactic Root Canal Therapy for Teeth used as Abutments in Fixed Partial Dentures among Dental Surgeons in Maharashtra and Kerala: A Questionnairebased Cross-sectional Survey

Introduction: The pulps of healthy teeth used as abutments for Fixed Partial Dentures (FPD) undergo mechanical and thermal stresses during tooth preparation. The remaining dentin thickness, the heat produced during tooth preparation, and the permeability of dentinal tubules influence the severity of pulpal injury. Prophylactic Root Canal Therapy (RCT) could be an option to provide better outcomes for FPD treatment. Aim: To assess dentists’ perception regarding the need for prophylactic RCT of abutment teeth in FPD through a questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A Questionnaire based Cross-sectional Surve was conducted among 200 dental professionals in the Indian states of Kerala and Maharashtra over a period of two months. The participants included dental professionals from private clinics, dental Institutions, and postgraduate students in these states. The Chi-square test of proportion was performed to assess significant differences between each response. Results: Total 67 out of 200 practitioners, accounting for 33.5%, recommended prophylactic RCT, while 60 (30%) practitioners disagreed with it. A total of 152 (76%) practitioners suggested clinical assessment of abutment teeth before starting the tooth preparation. Total 70 (35%) practitioners had never experienced pulpal damage in abutment teeth in their clinical practice. In contrast, 127 (63.5%) practitioners experienced pulpal damage in less than half of the total cases, and 3 (1.5%) practitioners experienced failures like pulp necrosis or irreversible pulpitis in more than half of the total cases. Conclusion: Total 33.5% of the surveyed dental practitioners recommended prophylactic endodontic treatment for abutment teeth in FPDs. Implementing precise elective RCT guidelines into dental curricula was suggested as a potential avenue to enhance decision-making and improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of pulpal damage beneath FPDs.

Redesigning the smile using veneers

Abstract Veneer is one of the most esthetic, conservative, and durable form of restoration. Case selection, tooth preparation, and cementation of veneer on maxillary anterior teeth have been thoroughly discussed in this case report. Here, we present a case of a 26-year-old male patient with a complaint of fracture of 21 for the past 1 year. On examination, the tooth was vital, and the treatment option given to the patient was veneer. Veneer is one of the breakthrough treatments when it comes to restoring the esthetic with minimal invasiveness. A proper case selection with a precise treatment results in the excellent outcome. Hence, ceramic veneers is the better option compared to the conventional approach.

Comparative evaluation of retentive strength of Figaro crowns and stainless steel crowns luted with glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement – An in vitro study

Aims: To compare the tensile strength of Figaro crowns and SSC using two different kinds of luting cements, i.e. GIC and RM-GIC. Methods and Material: Forty extracted human deciduous molars are used in this study; tooth preparation was done to receive the crowns and were categorized into two groups: stainless steel crowns and Figaro crowns that were further divided into two subgroups, one that was luted with GIC and the other with RM-GIC. Then, the tensile strength of the crowns was evaluated with a universal testing machine. Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests. Results: Stainless steel crowns had showed greater tensile strength than Figaro when luted with GIC; in contrast with RMGIC, Figaro exhibited greater retentive strength. Conclusions: GIC exhibited highest retentive strength as luting agents for stainless steel crowns.

Photocolorimetry for full crown central incisor shade matching

Introduction The objective of this case series report is color matching of the central incisors all-ceramic crowns and determine the color difference between those crowns and contralateral or neighboring intact natural incisor using the ?Eab value from CIELab formula. Case Report The subject of this color assessment was all-ceramic crowns for central incisors for three young female patients. The intact natural incisors were used as the target shade for the all-ceramic crown. After tooth preparation and intraoral scan, everything was done at once, regarding the design of restoration and model. For these cases, we used Ivoclar ZirCAD PRIME multi A1 (Ivoclar, Schaan, Liechtenstein) block. For proper shade mapping polarized picture with grey card for digital calibration is necessary as well as one standard picture for mapping the color effects. For tooth color mapping we used the eLAB software (eLAB Prime, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany). Highest ?Eab value for all three cases was 2.7 or less, which indicates that the color is clinically acceptable, considering acceptability threshold value of less than 2.7 (three-year follow-up confirmed acceptable color appearance. Conclusion Following recommended protocol based on the eLAB software software (eLAB Prime), clinically acceptable color of the all-ceramic crown were obtained.

Clinical performance of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture lithium disilicate ceramic endocrown restorations: A 2-year study.

Optimal restoration methods for endodontically treated teeth (ETTs) have always remained an ongoing discussion among physicians in this day and age. ETTs have a tendency to fracture when chewing, compared to initial teeth. From the perspective of biology, preserving and restoring tooth structure is critical to maintaining biomechanical, functional, and esthetic harmony. Dental bonding techniques have lessened the necessity for post-and-core restorations in ETTs with severe substance loss. A minimally invasive endodontic restoration technique called "endocrown" was initially introduced by Bindl and Mörmann in 1999. The aim of the study was to clinically evaluate all-ceramic mandibular molar endocrowns made using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) following 2 years of follow-up. This unblinded study contains 56 patients with 56 mandibular molars, which had severe substance loss. After teeth preparation, lithium disilicate ceramic endocrowns were manufactured with the CEREC CAD/CAM system, and cementation was performed using a composite luting agent. The endocrowns were assessed using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years following placement. Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a questionnaire. This study used descriptive statistics, including mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence intervals. Data were processed using STATA version 14.0 (StataCorp LLC, USA). Two endocrowns (3.6%) failed throughout the period of observation. The high clinical rating criteria (96.4%, count of 54) and the increased satisfaction percentage (94.6%, count of 53) remained practically stable during the follow-up assessments at 6 months and after 1-2 years. Endocrown offers a less invasive treatment option that may be a better method for endodontically treated mandibular molars. With contemporary CAD/CAM technology and new materials, time in the chair and esthetics optimally improved, bringing satisfaction to the patient.

Soft tissue management with ovoid pontics. Clinical case report

Dentists daily face various clinical situations that complicate treatments in areas with missing teeth, particularly due to defects in the alveolar ridge. These defects in the anterior region are of special relevance, not only because of their aesthetic impact, as they involve teeth to be replaced, but also because of the need to maintain a gingival shape that resembles the natural anatomy as closely as possible and that facilitates hygiene. patient's mouth. For the treatment of edentulous ridges, multiple surgical techniques have been used. This article presents a clinical case report of a 64-year-old male patient, who attended the San Gregorio University of Portoviejo reporting dissatisfaction with his aesthetic appearance. The objective of the treatment was to describe the protocol for soft tissue management through the use of ovoid pontics. The rehabilitation included the complete restoration of the anterior-superior area, in order to restore the affected architecture, function and aesthetics. Treatment planning included endodontic procedures, tooth preparation and increasing the patient's vertical dimension to ensure correct adaptation of the final bridge. The application of these techniques allowed us to achieve aesthetic and functional success both in the short and long term

Prosthodontic Research in the Digital Era: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Prosthodontic Research in the Digital Era: Current Trends and Future Prospects

Assessment of the of fixed dental prosthesis impressions received at commercial dental laboratories in Aljabal-Alakhdar region, Libya0

Background: Crown and bridge prosthodontics needs an accurate and precise impression (positive replica) of the abutment teeth and the edentulous region to be rehabilitated for the dental technician to be able to construct the high quality and well adapted fixed dental restoration without mistakes. The aim of the current survey was to assess any visible mistakes commonly observed in fixed dental prosthesis impressions received at five commercial dental laboratories, frequency errors determination, and to determine any possible association between the preparation finish line errors and other assessed factors. Materials and methods: 150 fixed prosthodontic impressions were collected from five commercial dental laboratories located at Aljabal-Alakhdar region, Libya. All the fixed prosthodontic impressions which had been received by the visited commercial dental laboratories were assessed for many factors in relation to the accuracy such as the dental arch involved, prepared abutment teeth, dental impression materials used, and final techniques and viscosity of the impression, the type of impression tray, full-arch or segmental impression tray, the impression tray size, type of fixed dental restoration requested, mistakes in impression material or tray used, gingival tissue dilation errors, closed-mouth impression technique errors, and finish line errors. No attempts were made to determine the reason of the detected errors in each fixed prosthodontic impression assessed. Association between dental practitioner years of experience and gender and impression errors was evaluated. The association between categorical variables and the outcomes were examined by the use of Chi square and Fisher exact tests. Results: Condensation silicone was the most impression material used. Of the impressions evaluated 121(80.6%), 97% have at least one detectable error, 103(68.6%) had finish line errors, 53.9% had tooth preparation area errors. Visible contamination of impression with blood was seen in about 79(52.2%) of the assessed impressions. There was significant association between the type of dental impression material and errors in the preparation cervical finish line and tooth preparation area. Conclusion: In the present study, it has been found that a high frequency of recognizable errors was detected in crown and bridge impressions received by the five commercial dental laboratories. This can result in poorly fitted fixed restorations cemented for the fixed prosthodontic patients.

Impact of dental operative microscopes on precision in minimally invasive dental restoration procedures.

To evaluate the effect of dental operative microscopes on precision in minimally invasive dental restoration procedures. This retrospective analysis included patients who underwent minimally invasive dental restoration procedure at Nanjing Stomatological Hospital from March 2018 to December 2019. Patients were categorized into two groups, an observation group treated with microscope-guided provisional restorations, and a control group treated using conventional methods. Clinical indices, including implant survival rates over five years, were compared between the groups. Multivariate analysis was employed to identify independent risk factors for implant failure. After treatment the observation group exhibited significantly lower labial vertical marginal discrepancies and absolute marginal discrepancies, as well as improved labial gingival indices and periodontal probing depths compared to the control group (all P<0.001). Additionally, the observation group scored significantly higher in efficiency, accuracy, and overall quality of tooth preparation (all P<0.001). Clinicians using microscopes demonstrated significantly lower mean Rapid Upper Limb Assessment scores, indicating reduced ergonomic strain (P<0.001). Higher age, worn tooth defects, poor oral hygiene, and non-use of a microscope were identified as independent risk factors for implant failure at the five-year mark. Dental operative microscopes significantly enhance the precision, efficiency, and ergonomic comfort in minimally invasive dental restorations for both clinicians and patients. Widespread adoption of this technology is strongly recommended.

Digitalized Precision: Andrews Bridge for Prosthetic Rehabilitation in Seibert’s Class III Ridge Defect

This case report illustrates an integrated approach to prosthetic rehabilitation for a patient with missing lower front teeth. The utilization of intentional root canal treatment, precise tooth preparation, and digital technologies, including computer-assisted designing/computer-aided manufacturing, and direct metal laser sintering, showcases the advancements in contemporary prosthodontics. The incorporation of fixed and removable components, notably the Andrews bridge, demonstrates a patient-centered strategy prioritizing both esthetics and functionality. In alignment with evidence-based practices and past research, this case emphasizes the significance of multidisciplinary approaches and cutting-edge technologies. The successful outcome highlights the efficacy of this comprehensive treatment, contributing to the ongoing evolution of prosthodontic care.

Assessment of the Feasibility of Pre-Emptively Fabricated Root Analogue Zirconia Implant from Cone Beam Computed Tomography Scan-A Prospective Pilot Study

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility and clinical effectiveness of pre-emptively fabricated root analogue zirconia implants (RAZI) based on 3-dimensional root surface models obtained from cone beam computed tomography scan (CBCT). Materials and methods: A prospective pilot study was designed on subjects requiring extraction &amp; immediate rehabilitation of tooth. Virtual tooth preparation and extraction was done on the data obtained from CBCT. RAZIs made of high-strength yttrium stabilised zirconia were made with computer aided designing and computer-aided milling (CAD-CAM). The tooth was atraumatically extracted, and immediate implant placement was done. Clinical parameters including gingival index, plaque index, bone loss, pocket depth, and implant stability were assessed. Surface area and volume analysis were performed comparing extracted tooth and implant. Paired t-test and bivariate Pearson correlation coefficient was applied. Results: 2 out of 9 implants survived at 1-year follow-up accounting for a low success rate of 22.2%. Surface area and volume of the RAZI were 9.6% and 10.40% higher than the extracted tooth respectively. Conclusion: The lower success rate of RAZI is attributed to difference in surface area and volume from extracted teeth. Though this technique validates pre-emptive fabrication of RAZIs even before tooth extraction, dimensional error should be minimized to achieve better clinical results.

Evaluation of the Marginal Fit and Fracture Resistance of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Zirconia Copings: An In-vitro Study

Introduction: In dentistry, there has been an increasing demand for aesthetics and biocompatible restorations with low plaque affinity. The success of any restoration is based on three main factors: marginal fit, fracture resistance, and aesthetics. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a polymeric material that has emerged as a novel thermoplastic material with wide applications. Aim: To evaluate the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and zirconia copings fabricated using Computer-aided Design (CAD)/Computer-aided Manufacturing (CAM) technology. Materials and Methods: The present in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, MM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, India, from November 2022 to March 2024. The present study compared the marginal fit and fracture resistance of PEEK and zirconia copings fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. All-ceramic tooth preparations were performed on extracted maxillary first premolars, and the prepared teeth were scanned. Using three dimensional (3D) printing technology, 20 resin dies were obtained. These dies were divided into two groups: 10 for PEEK and 10 for zirconia. Ten copings for zirconia and PEEK were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology, and two reference points were marked on the copings. The copings were luted with resin cement on the dies, and marginal fit and fracture resistance were recorded. The observations were statistically analysed using a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test and a two-sample t-test. Results: The lowest mean marginal discrepancy values (18.469±6.55 μm for the palatal aspect and 17.116±6.34 μm for the buccal aspect) were observed for the zirconia copings. These values were significantly better compared to the PEEK copings (23.941±7.73 μm on the palatal aspect and 22.338±7.89 μm on the buccal aspect). In terms of fracture resistance, PEEK copings demonstrated a higher load-bearing capacity (523.11±117.27 N) and significantly better results compared to zirconia copings (395.4±150.93 N). Conclusion: The results revealed that, when comparing both PEEK and zirconia copings, zirconia copings demonstrated a better marginal fit compared to PEEK copings. However, for fracture resistance analysis, PEEK copings exhibited better load-bearing capacity than zirconia copings.

Clinical performance of laminate veneers: A review of the literature.

This narrative review aimed to survey the clinical outcomes of laminate veneers (LVs), including their survival and success rates. An electronic search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from 2000 to April 2023 was conducted using the keywords "laminate" OR "veneer" OR "porcelain" OR "feldspathic" OR "lithium disilicate" OR "composite resin" OR "zirconia" OR "survival" OR "success." Case reports, case series, reviews, abstracts, in vitro studies, and observational studies were excluded. Five researchers independently evaluated the titles and abstracts of all identified studies. A total of 55 studies were identified. None of the studies met the criteria for zirconia LVs. According to the studies in this review, LVs fabricated with feldspathic porcelain, leucite-reinforced glass ceramics (LRG), and lithium disilicate ceramics (LDS) exhibited satisfactory survival and success rates. Furthermore, hydrofluoric acid etching followed by silane priming of the surface of ceramic LVs is necessary for improved clinical outcomes. The extent of dentin exposure significantly decreases the success rate of ceramic LVs. An appropriate adhesive luting process is required to achieve the long-term success of ceramic LVs. Dentin exposure should be minimized or sealed during tooth preparation to achieve a reliable and durable bond between LVs and abutment teeth. Based on this narrative review of the literature, the use of silica-based ceramic feldspathic porcelain, LRG, and LDS is recommended for LVs.

Marginal Adaptation of Different Monolithic Zirconia Crowns with Horizontal and Vertical Finishing Lines: A Comparative in Vitro Study

Background: A tooth preparation design determines marginal accuracy, which is crucial to the durability of all-ceramic restorations. Objective: An evaluation of marginal adaptation to different tooth preparation techniques and zirconia materials was conducted in this study. Materials and Methods: Based on the preparation design, 48 human maxillary first premolars in good health were divided into two main groups. Group A (chamfer) and Group B (vertical). Within each main group were three subgroups, comprising eight teeth each, distinguished by the type of zirconia material employed (Zircad LT, MT, and Prime by Ivoclar Vivadent). All samples were prepared by the same operator using a dental surveyor. Intra-oral scanning was performed on the prepared teeth. SironaInLab CAD 20.0 software was used to design crowns, which were subsequently generated using a 5-axis milling machine. Crowns were bonded to their corresponding teeth using self-adhesive resin cement. Marginal gap measurements were taken in micrometers ( m) before and after cementation at sixteen sites per sample using a digital microscope at 230x magnification. The collected data were evaluated using statistical analysis using the independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA, with a 0.05 significance level. Results: The vertical preparation group exhibited the smallest marginal gap, while the chamfer group displayed the largest. This disparity was statistically significant across all materials for both pre-and post-cementation measures. The differences between monolithic zirconia crowns were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The vertical preparation design illustrated significantly better marginal adaptation than the chamfer preparation design; materials comparisons showed a comparable marginal gap. The mean value of the marginal gap after cementation significantly increased in all groups.

Full mouth rehabilitation of a patient with severe attrition using double scanning technique

In clinical practice, patients often exhibit extensive dental wear and fractures due to deleterious habits such as bruxism, clenching, and suboptimal oral hygiene. These cases may necessitate comprehensive full-mouth restorations that typically involve numerous dental visits, which can potentially lead to patient fatigue, delayed recovery, and uncertain treatment outcomes. The present study reports an innovative approach in which provisional restorations are digitally designed and fabricated on the same day as tooth preparation. The morphology of the provisional restorations that the patient adapted to is then replicated onto the final restorations with dual-scanning technique. The study aims to simplify treatment progress and achieve higher predictability of the final restorations, highlighting the advantages of dual-scanning techniques in simplifying and expediting the treatment process.

Development of an Anthropomorphic Dental Simulator Based on the Robo-C Robot

An analysis of robots (simulators) in education is provided. Promising directions for their development are highlighted, such as realism, interactivity, adaptation and personalization. The features of using simulators in dentistry are considered. The main disadvantages of existing simulators in dentistry have been identified, namely the lack of a communicative component and imitation of patient behavior. The anthropomorphic dental simulator is based on the Robo-C robot, which is a unique combination of advanced technologies and human facial expressions, which allows it to communicate with people, reproduce movements of different parts of the body and express emotions. As dental components, the following components were created and implemented into the Robo-C control system: a Smart jaw, including cameras and a temperature sensor, and a Smart tooth, including a pressure sensor. The Robo-C control system has been upgraded taking into account the Smart jaw and Smart tooth, which made it possible to connect the dental treatment process with the robot’s servos through its linguistic base. The process of analyzing data obtained from Smart jaw cameras using a neural network is described. A two-stage classification scheme for dental defects has been proposed and its effectiveness has been proven. The linguistic base contains a set of rules with the help of which devices (microphone, speakers, servos, Smart jaw, Smart tooth) interact with each other. An example of compiling a linguistic database rule is given. The linguistic base, Smart-jaw and Smart-tooth are configured for one of four cases: caries treatment, tooth preparation for a crown, tooth extraction, endodontic treatment. Treatment quality control is carried out using a comprehensive assessment of communication interaction with the robot and analysis of Smart-jaw and Smart-tooth data. An example of work in one of the cases is given. The anthropomorphic dental simulator presented in the article allows the use of new technologies in the training of dentists, as well as the simulation of various dental procedures, which will significantly improve the practical preparation of students for working with patients.