Preparation Of Statements Research Articles

Analysis Of The Influence Of Sustainability Reporting, Auditor Switching, And Good Corporate Governance On Going Concern Audit Opinion

Going concern is a basic assumption of financial statements preparation, where the company must able to maintain its operational survival in the present and also be able to continue the business in the future. The purpose of this study is to test the influence of sustainability reporting, auditor switching, and good corporate governance as measured through variables of managerial share ownership, independent commissioners, board of directors, and audit committees on the provision of audit opinions on the going concern of coal sub-sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. This research uses a quantitative method research. This research used logistic regression for data analysis using Eviews 12. The research results show that the variables of sustainability reporting, auditor switching, and good corporate governance measured through managerial share ownership, independent commissioners, board of directors, and audit committee simultaneously affect audit opinions. Furthermore, managerial share ownership variables positively influence the provision of audit opinions going concern. In addition, the independent commissioner variable negatively influences the provision of audit opinions. Meanwhile, the variables of sustainability reporting, switching auditors, board of directors, and audit committees have no partial effect on the provision of audit opinions going concern

ANALISIS REKONSILIASI FISKAL DALAM MENENTUKAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN TERUTANG PT. MNO TAHUN 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine whether the recognized expenses and income in the fiscal financial statement of PT. MNO for 2020 are in accordance with the applicable tax regulations, calculate the corporate income tax for 2020, and to find out the cause of the difference between commercial financial statements and fiscal financial statements. The study applied a qualitative descriptive research design. Sample determination in this study is using probability sampling method with simple random sampling technique. The results of the study indicate that the preparation of the fiscal financial statements at PT MNO is not in accordance with the UU PPh No. 36 Tahun 2008, because there are still uncorrected expense and income accounts that affect the calculation of Corporate Income Tax Payable.

DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL FOR ACCOUNTING FOR FINANCIAL RESULTS IN CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ADOPTION OF IFRS 15 “REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS WITH CUSTOMERS” IN UZBEKISTAN

Issues of improving the accounting of revenue, expenses and financial results are in the circle of interests of both the preparers of financial statements and their users.

THE EFFECT OF HEXAGON FRAUD ON FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD (EMPIRICAL STUDY OF INFRASTRUCTURE SECTOR COMPANIES IN 2020-2022)

Financial statement fraud is a discrepancy between the application of accounting principles and the preparation of financial statements with the aim of deceiving users of financial statements. This study aims to analyze the effect of Fraud Hexagon on fraudulent financial statements. There are 10 variables used, namely Financial Targets, Financial Stability, External Pressure, Monitoring, Ideal conditions of a company, the position of a CEO, Managerial Ownership, Change of directors, Government Ownership, Political connections. Financial statement fraud is measured using the Beneish M-Score Model. The sample in this research is infrastructure sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2020-2021 with a total sample of 27 companies. data analysis in this study using panel data regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that the financial targets and ideal conditions of a company have an influence on the potential for fraudulent financial reporting. Financial Stability, External pressure, Monitoring, the position of a CEO, Managerial Ownership, Change of directors, Government Ownership, Political connections have no influence on the potential for fraudulent financial reporting.

ACCOUNTING STUDENT PERCEPTIONS OF ETHICS IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT PREPARATION AND THE EFFECTS OF ACCOUNTING SCANDALS

This research aims to find out the differences in perception regarding the ethics of thepreparation of financial statements and accounting scandals and businesses in the accountingprofession between lower-level accounting students and top-level accounting students. Thepopulation in this study is students of Accounting Study Program S1 Bandung lower level andtop level of 106 people with purposive sampling techniques. Data collection techniques usingquestionnaires. The hypothesis test in this study used an average independent T-test with thehelp of SPSS Statistics 25 software. The results of this study show that on the ethics of financialreport preparation, only misrepresentation factors do not have significant differences betweenlower-level students and top-level students. And there is a difference in perception on theunderstanding of the Accounting scandal between lower-level students and top-level students.

REKONSTRUKSI LAPORAN KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN SAK EMKM STUDI KASUS PADA UD. TANJUNG JAYA SITUBONDO

SAK EMKM is intended for use by small and medium entities, namely entities that do not have significant public accountability or based on laws and regulations are classified as small and medium entities. Qualitative research method with descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study show that the registration is still being carried out by UD. Tanjung Jaya is still fairly simple and manual, that is, financial records at the company only use recorded notes. Recording is done only to record cash receipts from sales and income and cash disbursements such as purchases of merchandise and expenses. For the preparation and presentation of financial statements based on SAK EMKM starting from collecting evidence of transactions, journalizing, ledgers, trial balance, then preparing financial reports, namely statements of financial position, income statements and notes on financial statements.

Pengaruh Attitude, Subjective Norm Dan Perceived Behavioral Control Terhadap Minat UMKM Dalam Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan

The interest of MSMEs in the preparation of financial statements has an important role in making the right decisions and increasing stakeholder confidence. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that affect the interest of MSMEs in preparing financial statements. As well as knowing the influence of attitudes, subjective norms, perceptions of behavior control both partially and simultaneously on the interest of MSMEs in the preparation of financial statements. This research method is a descriptive quantitative approach with primary data sources through the dissemination of questionnaires with a sample of 100 MSME actors. Data analysis using descriptive statistics using SPSS. The results showed that partially or simultaneously attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on the interest of MSMEs in the preparation of financial statements in Kediri. The results of this study provide empirical evidence about the factors that can affect interest in the preparation of financial statements.

Ethical Implications of Deceptive Earnings Management Practices

This study is devoted to the analysis of the consequences of using deceptive methods of income management and the justification of the importance of observing ethical standards in financial reporting to ensure the sustainable development of companies. The purpose of the study is to evaluate existing revenue management practices from the point of view of their compliance with ethical standards of business conduct. Based on a critical review of the literature on income management, it was concluded that the use of fraudulent methods, especially in the preparation of financial statements, reduces the integrity and reliability of information used by interested parties in making management decisions, distorts the distribution of resources, hinders the efficient functioning of capital markets and endangers the stable functioning of the economy. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that transparency, honesty and accountability in financial activities play an important role in creating a business environment that encourages fair and honest behavior. This contributes to the preservation of the interests of interested parties and the sustainable growth of the economy due to the observance of ethical standards in the field of business. Based on the analysis of existing revenue management practices, it has been proven that the artificial increase in share prices, the use of shadow financial transactions, and the reduction of the workforce contribute to the growth of companies’ profits, due to the dismissal of experienced employees and, possibly, the reduction of its future competitiveness. The study theoretically proves the need for organizations to find a balance between financial activities and their compliance with ethical norms, taking into account that short-term profits achieved through questionable activities can ultimately lead to a decrease in trust in companies and serve as a threat to their long-term viability. The results of the study can be useful for managers of enterprises, shareholders and subjects of the financial system as a whole from the point of view of a deeper understanding of ethical problems related to income management and ways to increase the transparency and reliability of information displayed in financial statements of companies.

Особенности аудита комбинированной финансовой отчетности

The article deals with the procedures for auditing combined financial statements. It is noted that combined financial statements are becoming important for investors, due to the sanctions policy of the external environment, which required changes in the designation of the ultimate beneficiaries of corporations and holdings. Changes in the organizational structures of large holdings and corporations are primarily associated with the division of business into separate economic entities, legally unrelated to each other, which entails the need to determine the value of total assets and determine the results of groups of companies, legally unrelated to each other, but which are under common control or perform a joint important national economic task (e. g., a government contract, including a government defense order) or investment (e. g., a government contract, including a government defense order). The audit of combined financial statements is governed by auditing standards, which provide for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with special rules. At the preliminary stage of the audit, at which the possible risks of activity and environment of the economic entities whose reports are included in the reporting perimeter are analyzed, the auditor checks the reasonableness of inclusion (or not) in the combined financial statements, accounting reports of individual economic entities, which may correspond to the fulfillment of the task set in the preparation of combined financial statements.

Factors influencıng outsourcing of accounting services in Kazakhstani companies

Object: Outsourcing of accounting services has significantly influenced the finance and accounting industry in recent decades. This research analyzes the determinants of outsourcing of accounting services in Kazakhstan companies.Methods: Correlation and logistic regression analysis were used in the study.Findings: This research examined the overall situation of outsourcing and how it has affected the performance of companies.Conclusions: The research conducted created a framework for analyzing accounting outsourcing. The analysis of variables and how they influenced the decision to outsource or not outsource accounting tasks in their organization provides concise and useful information on the assessment of the importance of the accounting process in companies. In addition, the study also points to the relationship between the intensity of accounting outsourcing in the preparation of financial statements and the performance of companies as measured by the return on assets and the companies' leverage ratio. According to the results, it was found that there is no relationship between these two variables.

Pembinaan Sistem Akuntansi Serta Pelaporan Keuangan di SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa

Effective accounting and financial reporting systems are crucial for ensuring transparency, accuracy, and the sustainability of finances in vocational schools like SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa. This research aims to examine the efforts in fostering and enhancing the accounting and financial reporting systems at SMK. The study involves data collection from various sources, including interviews with administrative staff, document analysis, and monitoring of accounting procedures. The research findings indicate that SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa has undertaken significant efforts to improve their financial governance. These efforts include training for administrative staff, the utilization of state-of-the-art accounting software, and enhancing understanding of applicable accounting standards. Furthermore, the school has also revamped their financial reporting processes, encompassing the regular preparation of financial statements and strict budget monitoring. The improvement in the accounting and financial reporting system has aided SMK Kolese Tiara Bangsa in more effectively managing their finances, enhancing the accuracy of financial information, and increasing transparency and accountability. This study provides valuable insights into the importance of fostering and developing accounting systems in educational institutions, with the hope of setting an example for similar institutions aiming to improve their financial management.

Analisis Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Keuangan Entitas Mikro Kecil Dan Menengah Pada UMKM Warung Sarapan Pagi Supiah Kecamatan Limapuluh Pekanbaru

This study aims to find out how the application and solutions in Financial Accounting Standards for Micro, Small and Medium Entities in MSMEs, Supiah Breakfast Stalls, Limapuluh District, Pekanbaru. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. Research informants are business owners and cashiers. Data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis techniques data reduction, data presentation and conclusion. To test the validity of the data using triangulation. The results of this study show that, the recording of financial statements made by MSMEs Warung Breakfast Pagi Supiah has not implemented SAK-EMKM, this is due to the lack of knowledge of business actors about SAK-EMKM. The preparation of the statement of financial position carried out only sums between cash in and cash out and the income statement obtained from income minus the expenses incurred, So that the information presented regarding assets, liabilities, income and financial expenses is only recorded simply and manually. Solutions in the application of SAK-EMKM In MSMEs Warung Breakfast Pagi Supiah, the cooperative office conducted socialization on the preparation of SAK-EMKM financial statements per sub-district, with the existence of good and correct financial statements that will help business actors in supporting business development.

Spray-applied waterproofing membranes in tunnelling: A construction perspective

Spray-applied waterproofing membranes have received a lot of press and attention in recent years, but the coverage has in large either been design focussed or driven by the material suppliers of such membranes or opponents of the approach. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the limitations and advantages of spray-applied waterproofing membranes from a practical construction perspective. It discusses the logistic benefits compared to traditional sheet membranes, but also highlights the hidden complexities and impacting factors that are often not fully transparent. The paper covers activities that need to be considered when scheduling or costing such works and provides a general basis for the preparation of Work Method Statements. It also covers contractual constraints, requirements under current international and national standards and regulations, pre-production trials, and quality testing requirements. OH&M considerations are also addressed. Additionally, the paper identifies complementary tasks that are often overlooked but are necessary for a successful membrane installation. These tasks include pre-production trials and quality testing requirements, as well as other activities that need to be considered when choosing a sprayed waterproofing solution. The paper concludes by summarizing the requirements stated by different material manufacturers. All of this is complemented by the authors own experience and observations, and a summary of the consequences drawn from the reviewed data. Consequently, an overview on the aspects of usage of a sprayed-applied membrane material is presented, which the author hopes will provide some practical guidance for the evaluation of the suitability and application of such a product.

The Effectiveness of Internal Controls in Preventing Fraud and Financial Misconduct

Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the role of internal control in mitigating fraud and professional misconduct among small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) within the Enugu metropolis.
 
 Method: To achieve this objective, a mixed-methods approach was employed. Qualitative interviews were conducted with SME owners and managers, and quantitative data were collected for analysis. A sample of SMEs was selected from the Enugu metropolis, and their internal control mechanisms, maintenance practices, and effectiveness in reducing fraud and professional misconduct were assessed.
 
 Result: The study's findings reveal several key insights. Firstly, SMEs in the Enugu metropolis actively create and implement internal control measures tailored to their operational needs. Secondly, SMEs that consistently maintain and update their internal controls experience a significant decrease in instances of fraud and professional misconduct. Finally, there is a clear correlation between well-implemented internal controls and reduced levels of fraud and professional misconduct within SMEs.
 
 Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the crucial role of internal control in addressing the challenge of fraud and professional misconduct, especially within SMEs. SME owners and managers should assess their existing internal control mechanisms to ensure they are well-suited to their business operations. Regular review and adaptation of internal controls are necessary to sustain their effectiveness in preventing and detecting fraudulent activities. Proper maintenance of financial records and regular statement preparation contribute significantly to the success of internal control systems.

Are accounting standards understandable?

AbstractThere is concern that accounting standards are difficult to understand by those who use them. We investigate factors that enhance and inhibit the ability of the standards' users to comprehend their meaning and requirements. Readability statistics reveal that Australian accounting standards are difficult or very difficult to read. Interviews with experienced financial statement preparers and auditors from the for‐profit, not‐for‐profit private, and public sectors reveal that ‘understandability’ is a function of many inter‐related factors, only some of which relate to how standards are written and presented. We offer recommendations to standards‐setters about how the understandability of standards could be improved.

Implementation of PP No. 71 of 2010 concerning Accrual-Based Government Accounting Standards in the Preparation of Financial Statements

This study aims to look at HR's understanding of the implementation of Accrual-Based SAP and to find out the application of accrual-based government accounting standards in Government Agencies of the North Sumatra Province Environment and Forestry Service,This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach with data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation,Application of Government Accounting Standards to the Environment and Forestry Service of North Sumatra Province only presents 5 financial reports, namely the Budget Realization Report, Balance Sheet, Operational Report, Report on Changes in Equity and Notes to Financial Statements. It can be concluded that the financial reports presented by the Environment and Forestry Office of North Sumatra Province are in accordance with Government Regulation Number 71 of 2010.It can be concluded that the readiness of Human Resources (HR) at the Department of Environment and Forestry of North Sumatra Province is Inadequate. This is due to the lack of competent human resources in preparing financial reports and the lack of knowledge regarding the accrual basis at the North Sumatra Province Environment and Forestry Service. But it does not hinder and disrupt the process of preparing accrual-based financial reports, in which HR is guided by the preparation of financial reports in the previous period.

Pengaruh Pemahaman Akuntansi, Sosialisasi dan Ukuran Usaha terhadap Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan UMKM Berdasarkan SAK EMKM

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of understanding accounting, socialization, and business size on the preparation of MSME financial reports based on SAK-EMKM. The data used in this study is primary data where primary data is collected through questionnaires and the measurement technique used is the Likert scale technique. This research was conducted in Dukuh Pakis District. The population in this study were all MSME actors in Dukuh Pakis District, where the number of MSME actors in Dukuh Pakis District was 180 MSME actors. The sample was selected by purposive sampling technique, the sample size was 65 SMEs. Data analysis techniques consist of descriptive statistical tests, instrument tests in the form of validity, reliability and normality tests, classic assumption tests in the form of multicollinearity tests and heteroscedasticity, multiple linear regression analysis, multiple coefficient of determination (R2), f test and t test with the help of SPSS version 26 for windows. Based on the results of the study, it shows that each variable of understanding of accounting, socialization, and business size has a positive effect on the preparation of MSME financial reports based on SAK-EMKM (Y). This can mean that all the variables used can influence MSME actors in preparing MSME financial reports based on SAK-EMKM.
 Keywords: SAK-EMKM, Preparation of MSME Financial Statements, Accounting Understanding, Socialization, Business Size.

Proportional appropriation systems and financial statement quality in municipally owned entities: empirical evidence from Italy

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how proportional appropriation systems affect the quality of financial reporting in entities controlled by local governments.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examine this issue using the setting of Italian municipally owned entities (MOEs) following the implementation of a new accounting regulation that limits the spending power of the participating municipality when the owned entity reports losses. The authors apply Benford's law on net income figures using the Chi-square and Z-tests on the adjusted version of the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) criterion to spot any sign of low data quality. The sample, which consists of 2,120 MOEs, covers the years 2010–2019 and is evenly divided into the periods pre- and post-policy introduction.FindingsWidespread data anomalies were detected following the introduction of the new regulation for MOEs controlled by local governments. Evidence is stronger for entities owned entirely by municipalities. The results suggest that the extent of data manipulation grows as the municipality's ownership stake increases, consistent with the hypothesis that a decrease in spending power through the appropriation of financial resources affects earnings management practices in municipally controlled entities.Practical implicationsThis paper sheds light on government-based accounting policies by documenting evidence of somewhat inefficient responses by those responsible for the preparation of financial statements on behalf of municipally owned entities, and, accordingly, insights are provided to help review these policies so as to forestall even indirectly detrimental repercussions on public services.Originality/valueThis paper extends prior research in public-sector earnings management by being the first to test whether MOEs manipulate their earnings as a consequence of participating municipalities' reduced spending capability. Understanding factors influencing earnings management practices driven by governments, other than political incentives, is still an open issue.

An Investigation of the Extent of Implementation of the Financial Management Practices of Agri-SMEs in developing countries: Evidence from Tanzania

The success of agricultural Small and Medium Enterprises (agri-SMEs), among other factors, heavily relies on their ability to manage finances effectively. This study examined the extent to which agricultural SMEs in Tanzania practice financial management activities. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from 427 agri-SMEs in three regions of Tanzania. Descriptive statistics and higher-order reflective-formative Structural Equation Model (SEM) were employed for data analysis. The findings indicated moderate adoption of financial management practices. Specifically, agri-SMEs were found to frequently engage in working capital management practices, such as maintaining sufficient cash flows and records for payables and receivables. However, financial reporting is less frequently practiced, with sporadic financial statements preparation and financial analysis. The findings indicate further that other financial management practices such as financial accounting, capital budgeting and financing management were moderately and infrequently implemented, with external financing sources being utilized less frequently compared to internal financing sources. The path analysis indicates that all lower-order constructs significantly contributed to the higher-order financial management practice construct with capital budgeting demonstrating the strongest impact. The findings highlight the need for improving financial reporting, analysis, and external financing usage in Tanzanian agri-SMEs. These findings offer valuable insights agri-SMEs in developing countries to appropriately strategize on implementation of financial management practices that will lead to improved access to finance and high performance.

Pelatihan Peningkatan Ketrampilan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Untuk Koperasi Serba Usaha (KSU) SEMESTA

The purpose of the Community Service activity is to increase the knowledge and understanding of the management and members of the Koperasi Serba Usaha (KSU) "SEMESTA" in Bojongnangka Village, Pemalang about the preparation of cooperative financial statements in accordance with SAK ETAP carried out on 19 March 2023, because based on discussions with the management of KSU Semesta, it shows that the cooperative management has problems in understanding and preparing financial reports. For the training, lecture, tutorial, and discussion techniques were used, discussing the steps in preparing financial statements, the tools needed to prepare financial statements, and practice cases In conclusion, the training activities went smoothly. Participants were enthusiastic by immediately asking questions, and there were several participants who were interested in learning more about cooperative bookkeeping for the smooth running and development of their cooperatives.