Preparation Of Materials Research Articles

Harmless disposal of phosphogypsum synergized red mud: harmful element control and material utilization

Soluble P2O5 and fluorine in phosphogypsum can jeopardize the environment and even human health. The application in building materials is a pathway to consume phosphogypsum on a large scale. However, the presence of soluble phosphorus causes significant retardation that reduces the early strength of building materials containing phosphogypsum. In this study, the mechanism of soluble phosphorus removal from phosphogypsum by red mud were studied. The synergistic effect of phosphogypsum, red mud and blast furnace slag for the preparation of high-sulfur cementitious materials was also investigated. The results demonstrated that the soluble phosphorus was transformed to inert material and was completely stabilized when red mud dosing reached 20%. The slow setting was significantly improved, causing an increase in 3-d compressive strength. More hydration products were generated to enhance the early strength, indicating that the optimal synergistic effect of phosphogypsum, red mud and blast furnace slag occurred. In addition, the compressive strength reached 21.40MPa (3 d), 29.60MPa (7 d), and 48.60MPa (28 d) when the total admixture of phosphogypsum and red mud was 45%. The environmental performance research also shows that the material was green and non-polluting. This paper advocates the use of the physicochemical properties of different solid wastes to dispose of hazardous substances in phosphogypsum rather than the use of natural resources.

Ensemble learning evaluation of mechanical property for mining waste cemented backfill

Processing the large amount of waste rock generated from mining into backfill materials enables the resource utilization of waste materials. Additionally, the mechanical properties of backfill materials influence the stability of overlying strata. Therefore, this study established a large-scale dataset of coal gangue-based and tailing-based backfill materials. Three novel ensemble learning models were developed to evaluate the nonlinear effects of 29 dimensional factors on the mechanical properties of backfill material. Additionally, factors like material type, preparation method, and measurement error can cause discrepancies in mechanical properties, affecting evaluation accuracy. Consequently, this paper constructed SVR fusion models using three ensemble learning methods to enhance robustness on differentiated data. It investigated the impacts of ensemble methods, ensemble levels, and perturbation levels on the model. The study found that the Bagging-ensembled SVR performed optimally, with R2, MAE, and RMSE of 0.951, 0.369, and 0.560, respectively, exhibiting better robustness on perturbed datasets. This study contributes to resource utilization in mining waste.

Resource utilization of chemical excess sludge to produce metal–organic framework with outstanding Fenton-like performance for sulfamethoxazole removal

The safe disposal of excess sludge has emerged as a pressing concern due to its high toxicity, stemming from a diverse array of components such as viruses, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Herein, this study explored the feasibility of using extracted Fe from the excess sludge to produce metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Specifically, MIL-100 and MIL-88A were successfully synthesized by coordinating 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid and fumaric acid with excess sludge-retained iron under wide reaction conditions. The purity of the resulting MOFs was ascertained through elemental analysis. Moreover, the synthesized MOFs demonstrated outstanding electrocatalytic performance in the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Compared to the control group without catalysts, the addition of MIL-100-170-6 (30 mg) led to a remarkable enhancement in SMX removal efficiency, increasing it to 99.9 % from 58.3 %. This enhancement was accompanied by a substantial increase in the corresponding kinetic constant (kobs) values, reaching 0.1137 min−1, representing an 8.1-fold improvement over the blank group. The catalytic mechanism was further evaluated via quenching experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, suggesting that the •OH and O2•− radicals were responsible for SMX degradation. Economic analysis of MOF materials preparation revealed that the use of excess sludge-retained Fe can significantly reduce the cost of MOFs. Thus, it is believed that our work provides a low-cost and sustainable approach for converting excess sludge into functional MOFs, which not merely facilitates the recycling of excess sludge-retained Fe, but also provides functional materials with outstanding performance for the degradation of SMX.

Combined preparation and application of geopolymer pavement materials from coal slurry-slag powder-fly ash mining solid waste: A case study

The solid waste treatment problem generated in the process of coal mining has always been an important factor restricting safe and environmentally friendly production, and the coal slurry from the coal mine road surface is a new type of mine solid waste, so it is of great significance to treat and efficiently utilize the coal slurry. Currently, a common method of solid waste utilization is to add modifying reagents to prepare functional materials. Select coal slurry, slag powder and fly ash as raw materials, and sodium sulfate and sodium hydroxide were used as alkali exciters to prepare coal slurry based geopolymer pavement material (CSGPM). Response surface methodology was used to establish regression equations between the design optimization objectives (coagulation time, compressive strength) and the variables (mass fraction, mass ratio of slag powder to fly ash, mass ratio of sodium sulfate to sodium hydroxide). The effects of two-by-two interactions of the factors on the optimization objective were explored, and the use of different raw materials was obtained. Under the optimal proportioning parameters, the coagulation time of CSGPM was 33 min and the compressive strength of 24 h of curing was 11.20 MPa. In addition, the generation mechanism of AFt and C-S-H gel substances inside the specimen was explained with the help of microscopic scanning. CSGPM showed good mechanical properties in both load-bearing numerical simulations and acoustic emission tests. Numerical simulation was used to establish the relationship between the design objective of the roadbed (maximum subsidence of the roadbed after bearing) and the design variable (thickness of CSGPM paving). Comparative analyses yielded an optimal subgrade surface layer design thickness of 5 cm, with a maximum subsidence of 0.0033 m after bearing vehicles. Synchronization of roadbed material and concrete damage in combined specimen acoustic emission tests with uniform load transfer. The final coal mine pavement was successfully paved and the total cost of CSGPMD is 63.2 per cent of C30 concrete. Those results are important for the preparation of new pavement functional materials.

Cathodoluminescence emission and electron energy loss absorption from a 2D transition metal dichalcogenide in van der Waals heterostructures

Nanoscale variations of optical properties in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers can be explored with cathodoluminescence (CL) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) using electron microscopes. To increase the CL emission intensity from TMD monolayers, the MoSe2 flakes are encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), creating van der Waals (VdW) heterostructures. Until now, the studies have been exclusively focused on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-CL) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM-CL), separately. Here, we present results, using both techniques on the same sample, thereby exploring a large acceleration voltage range. We correlate the CL measurements with STEM-EELS measurements acquired with different energy dispersions, to access both the low-loss region at ultra-high spectral resolution, and the core-loss region. This provides information about the weight of the various absorption phenomena including the direct TMD absorption, the hBN interband transitions, the hBN bulk plasmon, and the core losses of the atoms present in the heterostructure. The S(T)EM-CL measurements from the TMD monolayer only show emission from the A exciton. Combining the STEM-EELS and S(T)EM-CL measurements, we can reconstruct different decay pathways leading to the A exciton CL emission. The comparison with SEM-CL shows that this is also a good technique for TMD heterostructure characterization, where the reduced demands on sample preparation are appealing. To demonstrate the capabilities of SEM-CL imaging, we also measured on a SiO2/Si substrate, quintessential in the sample preparation of two-dimensional materials, which is electron-opaque and can only be measured in SEM-CL. The CL-emitting defects of SiO2 make this substrate challenging to use, but we demonstrate that this background can be suppressed by using lower electron energy.

Prelithiation of electrodes in lithium-ion capacitors: A review

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are one among the modern state-of-the-art hybrid capacitors comprising of high potential window and impart higher energy density than supercapacitors (SCs). These LICs encompass elevated power density and longer life span than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Preparation of high-performance electrode materials with electrochemically active microstructure and prelithiation are two efficient approaches to fabricate highly efficient LICs. But it comes across as a real dilemma of low initial Columbic efficiency if only microstructure is considered as an efficient way to enhance the performance. Nevertheless, prelithiation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of LICs, improving the initial Coulombic efficiency and enlarging the voltage window. This paper reviews the recent lithiation approaches for Lithium-ion capacitors by providing their methods and discussing their results concerning their energy and power density.

In Situ Surface Reaction for the Preparation of High-Performance Li-Rich Mn-Based Cathode Materials with Integrated Surface Functionalization.

Li-rich Mn-based cathode materials (LLOs) are often faced with problems such as low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), limited rate performance, voltage decay, and structural instability. Addressing these problems with a single approach is challenging. To overcome these limitations, we developed an LLO with surface functionalization using a simple fabrication method. This two-step process involved a liquid-stage NaBF4 treatment followed by an in situ chemical reaction during sintering. This reaction led to the creation of oxygen vacancies (OV), spinel structures, and doping with Na at the Li site, B at the tetrahedral interstitial spaces of O in both the transition-metal (TM) layer and Li layers as well as the octahedral interstices in the TM layer, and F at the O site. We have carried out a thorough study and employed density functional theory calculations to reveal the hidden mechanisms. The treatment not only increases the electrical conductivity but also changes the oxygen charge environment and inhibits lattice oxygen activity. Surprisingly, the B-O bond is so strong that it prevents the migration of TM within the tetrahedral interstitial spaces of O in both the TM and Li layers, hence stabilizing its structure. This bonding interaction strengthens the transition of the TM 3d and O 2p states to lower energy levels, thus causing an increase in the redox potentials. Hence, a rise in the operating voltage occurs. Of special importance, this therapy dramatically increases the ICE to 90.29% and keeps a specified capacity of 203.3 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 1C, which is an excellent capacity retention of 89.94%. This study introduces ideas and methods to tackle the challenges associated with LLOs in batteries. It also provides compelling evidence for the development of high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.

Enhancing Patient Outcomes Through Integrated Education and Navigation Programs at the Breast Cancer Comprehensive Center, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University.

Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where disparities in healthcare exacerbate the disease burden. The Breast Cancer Comprehensive Center at the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, has implemented integrated patient navigation and education programs aimed at enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare quality.This study evaluated the effectiveness of these programs involving 2202 participants over 12 months. The methodology included systematic data collection, material preparation, and the application of tailored educational strategies to facilitate the patient's journey from diagnosis to treatment. The study utilized three-phased patient navigation assistance to provide comprehensive support.The programs significantly improved patient satisfaction, with over 90% of participants reporting high levels of contentment with the services received. Key improvements included enhanced understanding of breast cancer (including risk factors, symptoms, importance of seeking early care, and treatment options), reduction in patient anxiety, improved treatment adherence, and streamlined diagnostic and treatment processes. Notably, the use of audio-visual educational tools effectively bridged the literacy gap among patients.The integration of patient navigation and education systems at BCCC-NCI has proven to be a highly effective model for improving breast cancer care. This model not only enhances patient understanding and treatment compliance but also facilitates a more efficient healthcare process. The study underscores the potential for replicating this approach in similar healthcare settings globally, suggesting that such integrations can significantly improve cancer care outcomes.

Effect of applied load on wear of microwave sintered alumina-graphene ceramic composite material

Abstract Ceramic materials are of technical and commercial importance and can meet many engineering requirements owing to their thermal, chemical and mechanical performance. Due to its high density and hardness, alumina (Al2O3) is one of the main materials in this category that can be used to produce critical parts. An example of such an application is wear and abrasion resistance. The fabrication root technique and a suitable secondary reinforcement material can enhance a ceramic's wear characteristics. Hence the present work is mainly concentrated on the preparation of alumina ceramic composite material reinforced with different weight proportions of graphene ranging from 0.15wt% to 0.45 wt% (with an interval of 0.1) and fabrication through microwave sintering method. Wear studies are performed on graphene reinforced alumina ceramic material samples using pin-on-disk apparatus at different loads of 5N, 10N, 15N keeping speed of 0.8 m/sec and sliding distance of 40 m constant. The obtained wear results are compared with wear performance of pure alumina samples which are prepared in the same condition. Wear tests even at higher load of 15N revealed that the decrease in wear rate of the composite samples reinforced with 0.35 wt% of grapheme is 35.14% and in the composite samples reinforced with 0.45 wt% of graphene is 34.85% when compared with wear rate of monolithic alumina samples. The effect of different wt%s of graphene on wear properties of obtained ceramic composite is also studied through SEM analysis.

Carbide slag and sodium metasilicate synergistic activation of sludge ash-based alkali-activated materials: Towards a cleaner activation approach

Traditional activators such as sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate are commonly used in the preparation of alkali-activated materials; however, their significant environmental impact, high cost, and operational risks limit their sustainable use in treating solid waste. This study explores the innovative use of carbide slag (CS) and sodium metasilicate (NS) as alternative activators in the production of sewage sludge ash-based alkali-activated materials (SSAM) with the aim of reducing the carbon footprint of the preparation process. The results demonstrate that CS effectively activates the sewage sludge ash, enhancing the compressive strength of the SSAM to 40 MPa after curing for 28 d. When used in conjunction with NS, it synergistically improves the mechanical properties. Furthermore, the microstructure and phase composition of the SSAM are characterized. Increasing the quantities of CS and NS accelerates the dissolution of the precursor materials, promoting the formation of a higher quantity of hydration products. This significantly reduces the number of voids and defects within the samples, further enhancing the densification of the microstructure. Environmental assessments reveal that CS and NS offer substantial sustainability benefits, confirming the feasibility of activating SSAM using these materials. This approach provides a less energy-intensive and more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional activation methods and presents an effective strategy for managing large volumes of sewage sludge ash and CS.

The effect of sulfuration reaction rates with sulphur concentration gradient dependence on the growth pattern and morphological evolution of MoS2 in laminar flow.

Sulfuration reactions dominate the synthesis of transition-metal dichalcogenides via chemical vapor deposition. A neglected critical issue is the evolution of crystal domain morphology and growth models caused by boundary layer development. In this study, we propose two growth models within a laminar flow field to investigate the kinetic mechanism of uniformly grown MoS2. We used supercritical fluid pre-deposition to obtain a well-distributed and low-crystallinity Mo precursor on the surface of a substrate to avoid non-stoichiometric supply in sulfuration. The development of the boundary layer was suppressed through mainstream force by adjusting the substrate slope angle. For growth within the underdeveloped laminar boundary layer, monolayer MoS2 with a size of 50 μm uniformly distributed on the full substrate with R = 85% (relative change in boundary layer thickness). Moreover, the growth constrained by surface chemical reactions tended to promote spatially uniform growth. However, within the fully developed laminar flow, the crystal domains preferentially grew vertically, which was attributed to the excessive crystal growth rate (g). Our results provide new insights into the controllable preparation of two-dimensional materials.

Nanoencapsulated MgBu2@ZIF-67 to Construct High Loading Mg-Co@C Nanocomposites: Breaking Through the Barrier of Room Temperature Onset Dehydrogenation.

The synergies of nanoconfinement and catalysis is an effective strategy to improve the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of Mg-based materials. However, obtaining Mg-based materials with high loading, anti-aggregation, and containing nanocatalysts to achieve dehydrogenation at room temperature remains a huge challenge. Herein, a novel and universal preparation strategy for Mg-Co@C nanocomposites with 9.5nm Mg nanoparticles and 9.4nm Co nanocatalysts embedded in carbon scaffold is reported. The 9.3nm MgBu2 nanosheets precipitated by solvent displacement are encapsulated in ZIF-67 to prepare MgBu2@ZIF-67 precursors, then removing excess MgBu2 on the precursor surface and pyrolysis to obtain Mg-Co@C. It is worth noting that the Mg loading rate of Mg-Co@C is as high as rare 69.7%. Excitingly, the Mg-Co@C begins to dehydrogenate at room temperature with saturate capacity of 5.1wt.%. Meanwhile, its dehydrogenation activation energy (Ea(des) = 68.8kJ mol-1) and enthalpy (ΔH(des) = 61.6kJ mol-1) significantly decrease compared to bulk Mg. First principles calculations indicate that the hydrogen adsorption energy on the Mg2CoH5 surface is only -0.681eV. This work provides a universally applicable novel method for the preparation of nanoscale Mg-based materials with various nanocatalysts added, and provides new ideas for Mg-based materials to achieve room temperature hydrogen storage.

Melt Compounding of Poly(lactic acid)-Based Composites: Blending Strategies, Process Conditions, and Mechanical Properties.

Polylactic acid (PLA), derived from renewable resources, has the advantages of rigidity, thermoplasticity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, and is widely used in many fields such as packaging, agriculture, and biomedicine. The excellent processability properties allow for melt processing treatments such as extrusion, injection molding, blow molding, and thermoforming in the preparation of PLA-based materials. However, the low toughness and poor thermal stability of PLA limit its practical applications. Compared with pure PLA, conditions such as processing technology, filler, and crystallinity affect the mechanical properties of PLA-based materials, including tensile strength, Young's modulus, and elongation at break. This review systematically summarizes various technical parameters for melt processing of PLA-based materials and further discusses the mechanical properties of PLA homopolymers, filler-reinforced PLA-based composites, PLA-based multiphase composites, and reactive composite strategies for PLA-based composites.

Biomass Pellet Processing from Sugar Industry Byproducts: A Study on Pelletizing Behavior and Energy Usage

As global energy demand has increased, bioenergy has emerged as a viable option for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This study focuses on using waste materials from the sugar industry, such as sugarcane straw, bagasse, and filter cake, to compress into pellets to investigate pelletizing behavior and energy usage. Raw material preparation was a critical phase influencing pelletizing efficiency. Biomass pellet quality depended on a uniform particle size distribution and adequate moisture content. A moisture content of 20% (wb) was found to be suitable for biomass pelletization from the sugar sector. Specific energy in the pelletizing process ranged from 144.28 to 197.85 Wh/kg. The suggested mixing ingredients (sugarcane leaves: bagasse: filter cake) of 0% sugarcane leaves, 90% bagasse, 10% filter cake, and 5% sugarcane leaves, 93.5% bagasse, and 1.5% filter cake resulted in pellets with a bulk density of over 600 kg/m3 and a durability of at least 97.5%. All aspects were assessed according to standardized criteria for developing biomass pellet processing technology from sugar industry byproducts. This method could improve efficiency, boost production volume, lower production costs, and promote the efficient and cost-effective use of renewable energy.

Effectiveness Evaluation of the Student Research Proposal Presentation Program at Scientific Writing Course

Higher education increasingly emphasizes the importance of developing students' academic and professional abilities, including scientific communication and presentation skills. The research proposal presentation program is a strategic initiative in responding to these needs, but challenges in its implementation still exist. Evaluate the effectiveness of student research proposal presentation programs in the Scientific Writing course at UNINDRA and identify strengths and weaknesses in the delivery of material and student argumentation structure. Evaluative research involves collecting data from the results of presentation evaluations, feedback from lecturers or other participants, and assessing the quality of presentations. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used, with thematic analysis techniques to identify patterns or themes in participant feedback and evaluation. The evaluation showed that the research proposal presentation program provided significant benefits for lecturers and students. However, there are challenges in the learning process due to inadequate support in CPMK and material distribution. The high lecturer-student ratio also hinders the implementation of the ideal presentation. Internal obstacles such as lack of courage and suboptimal preparation of presentation materials also affect the quality of presentations. The need for adjustments in the preparation of the curriculum and teaching methods, including aligning the CPMK with the CPL and ensuring that the plan for the presentation of research proposals is included in the RPS. It is necessary to provide adequate time and improvement of presentation equipment to improve the quality of presentation and feedback. Better integration between CPMK and CPL will create a globally competitive generation of academics and professionals. Thus, this program can be more effective in achieving higher education goals in developing students' academic and professional abilities.

Pb(II) solid-phase extraction in wastewater samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry analysis using chitosan and alginate modified carbon

ABSTRACT The sustainability concept was kept in view by designing and synthesising a novel adsorbent for Pb(II) ion, using natural and metal-free precursors which are renewable and biodegradable, i.e. alginate, chitosan, and carbon. The study was aimed to introduce the synthesis of Carbon/Alginate/Chitosan composite (CAC) as a beneficial adsorbent tailored for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of Pb(II) prior to its analysis via flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The successful preparation of the CAC material is elucidated, characterised through FTIR for functional group analysis, and evaluated for surface morphology and elemental composition via SEM-EDX. Optimisation of SPE parameters was carefully conducted to enhance adsorption-desorption efficiency across diverse conditions. These optimised factors were a pH level of 6, initial Pb(II) concentration of 20 mg/L, sample flow rate 5 mL/min, elution utilising Na2EDTA at a rate of 5 mL/min, sample volume of 20 mL, Na2EDTA eluent volume of 10 mL, and Na eluent concentration of 0.5 M. Application of CAC-based SPE for Pb(II) analysis in wastewater samples under these optimised conditions yielded exceptional recovery rates of 93–96%, with a limit of detection (LoD) value of 71.4 µg/L. Moreover, a notable preconcentration factor of 4–8 times is achieved for Pb(II) in wastewater samples, facilitating the detection of Pb(II) concentrations as low as 30 µg/L.

From agricultural wastes to advanced materials for environmental applications: Rice husk-derived adsorbents for heavy metals removal from wastewater

Agroindustry annually generates enormous amounts of residues, and their re-utilization is a convenient approach to mitigate environmental pollution and increase energy savings. Rice husk (RH) is one of the most widely available agricultural wastes in many countries of the world. RH and its ashes are often used directly for manufacturing and synthesizing new materials with added-value features. In this work, the preparation of composite materials for wastewater treatment has been explored by producing and testing mesoporous iron-oxide/RH composites for heavy metal adsorption. The composites were fully characterized and their application to the removal of Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions from model aqueous solutions at different pH values was tested to evaluate their adsorption performances and select those materials more suited for realistic applications. Our results indicated that the composite materials exhibited higher metal adsorption capacities than the pristine carbonized RH and the iron components, highlighting a synergism between the carbonized RH and iron-oxide phases.

All-natural, thermally conductive, flame-retardant electrical insulating lignocellulose-mica composite film fabricated via in-situ mineralization

Miniaturized, integrated, and functional electronic devices generate a large amount of heat accumulation during operation, which significantly affects the reliability, durability, and safety of electronic devices. In severe cases, it may even lead to fires. Therefore, the development of insulation composite materials with thermal conductivity and flame-retardant properties is particularly important. In this study, we propose an in-situ mineralization strategy to prepare insulation composite materials with thermal conductivity and flame-retardant properties. By dissolving and preparing a gel film, Al3+ and Zn2+ retained inside the lignocellulose are in situ mineralized to form Al(OH)3 and ZnO, and introducing inorganic blocks with high insulation performance (industrial waste mica tailings and synthetic mica). The prepared film has excellent tensile strength (117.4 MPa), low dielectric loss, high dielectric strength (83.8 kV mm−1), high insulation resistance, four times higher thermal conductivity than the unmineralized film, and excellent flame-retardant properties. Meanwhile, the environmental impact of the composite film is much lower than that of petrochemical-based plastic films and can easily degrade under natural conditions within 32 days. It is a composite material that meets the standards of the new electrical insulation field, and the in-situ mineralization strategy can also provide ideas for the preparation of high-performance lignocellulose-based materials.

Experimental design of polymer synthesis applied to the removal of Cd2+ ions from water via adsorption

Cadmium is a highly toxic metal, and its presence can have adverse effects on both human health and aquatic ecosystems. The efficient removal of cadmium from wastewater is therefore of crucial importance, but traditional methods have proved to be inadequate. Thus, technologies for the treatment of wastewater containing cadmium, including adsorption, have been developed. The aim of this study was the preparation of a polymeric material by the grafting reaction of κ-carrageenan and its use as an adsorbent for cadmium removal. This was performed to study the removal capacity of cadmium ions in synthetic solutions, as well as the effects of pH and ions on adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and reusability. Additionally, the disinfectant potential of the solution was evaluated for the inactivation of total coliforms and E. coli in river water. The best adsorption capacity was 75.52 ± 1.325 mg g−1, with the kinetics described by the pseudo-second order model. Maximum adsorption capacity (127.6 ± 1.833 mg g−1) and RL (0.0113) were determined using the Langmuir model, the Freundlich model was the one that best fits the experimental data and indicated cooperative adsorption, and the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm was used to obtain the adsorption energy and identify that it is physical. The presence of ions K+, Na+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in a concentration of 0.5% decreased the adsorption capacity, and that at pH 2.0, the adsorption capacity was drastically reduced. The study indicates that the polymer has potential as an adsorbent for removing cadmium from aqueous solutions and exhibits self-disinfecting properties.

Preparation of Nanoceramic Material Based on Bismuth Titanate Bi2Ti4O11

Preparation of Nanoceramic Material Based on Bismuth Titanate Bi2Ti4O11