Preparation For Birth Research Articles

Women know about perineal trauma risk but do not know how to prevent it: Knowledge, attitude, and practice.

To evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) preparation for birth among postpartum women, and its related factors. Cross-sectional study conducted in a maternity unit among Brazilian women aged 14 years or older during the first 72 h postpartum, who desired and had vaginal birth. Sociodemographic, clinical, and obstetric data were collected using a standardized form from medical charts. A 15-question questionnaire was used to measure the KAP of PFM preparation for birth. Knowledge was categorized as: poor, average, and good. In all, 326 women completed the survey (mean age 24.3± 6.2 years) and 167 (51.2%) women had poor knowledge. The attitude of searching for information on how to prevent perineal trauma was reported by 14 (4.3%) women. Only 13 (4.0%) participants reported that they had practiced at least one session of PFM preparation during pregnancy (PFM training, perineal massage, etc.) Multivariate analysis showed that lower educational level was associated with poor knowledge (P< 0.05). The KAP of PFM preparation for birth is inadequate among postpartum women. Health education regarding PFM care during pregnancy and postpartum should be addressed among pregnant women, specifically younger women with lower levels of education and income.

Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Child Birth Preparation Among Primi Gravida Mother in hospital

Background: The researcher noticed that pregnant mother in the prenatal OPDs of the hospitals lacked knowledge about labor preparation throughout her clinical experience. In the third trimester, many of them were unprepared for their life' most significant event. Many new mothers described their labour and delivery as being "awful."The researcher concluded that in order for these mothers to have a satisfying and healthy birthing experience, they needed to get information on labor preparation.Method: This interventional trial was carried out in August 2020 at a hospital in the Maharashtra (India) city of Wardha. The population of primigravida moms was chosen for this study using a non-probability convenience sampling approach.Result: In this study 30 sample taken for the research the research design taken for that pre-experimental and the study was quantitative research study. The research conducted in hospital H0 show that primigravida mother knowledge level in pre-test 16.67% which is poor score, 83.33% which is The H0 was acceptable because the average score had a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 10. In the post-test 33.33% the score was very good, 66.67% score was excellent The H1 was approved since the post-test minimum and maximum scores were 17 and 25, respectively. It is concluded that there is H0 and H1 is accepted. It helpful in improve the knowledge level of primigravida mother.Conclusion: We draw the conclusion from this study that there is a lack of understanding among primigravida mothers regarding childbirth preparation, so we launched the video aided programme to raise knowledge and awareness of the subject.

Pengembangan E-Modul Buku Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu

Services in the health sector have indirectly undergone changes, initially promotions could be in the form of face-to-face, now becoming a digital system called the industrial revolution 4.0. People in this world have been exposed to the digital system, so where there is a medium there must be a human. This change has a positive impact where you can enjoy this change. In the present era, it has developed into electronics in the form of modules, books (e-modules, e-books) and others. Development occurs in the book on maternal and child health (the MCH handbook). Methods in solving this problem can be done in stages include; (1) Dissemination of e-module links, (2) Mother's identity; (3) Pre test; (4) Learning (electronic); (5) Test post; (6) Personal or group discussion. Evaluation of the stages above, the process of developing the MCH e-module and the final result through the assistance of mothers who became respondents. By differentiating the initial and final results of learning, it is hoped that it will motivate mothers to carry out supporting activities for maternal and child health. In addition to the material, it can also be used as a reminder that mothers should check their mothers and children on time. With the development of this MCH handbook, it is hoped that mothers can wisely carry out pregnancy checks, preparation for birth to care and growth and development of children.

The Effects of Birth Preparation Education on Women's Delivery Type and Views about Birth

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı doğuma hazırlık eğitiminin kadınların doğum şekli ve doğuma ilişkin görüşlerine etkisinin incelenmesidir.Yöntem: Bu çalışma vaka-kontrol tasarımında, Mayıs 2019–Aralık 2020 tarihlerinde, bir devlet hastanesinde doğum öncesi bakım hizmeti almak üzere bulunan ve gelişigüzel örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenen 100 (Eğitim: 50 ve Kontrol: 50) kadın ile yürütülmüştür. Veriler Tanıtıcı Bilgi ve Doğum şekli ve Görüş Belirleme Formları ile toplanmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistikler ki-kare testi, t-testi, yüzdeler arası fark ve lojistik regresyon ile analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Çalışmada eğitim ve kontrol gruplarının istatistiksel olarak benzer şekilde vajinal doğum yaptıkları (%28.0 ve %46.0; χ²= 3.475; p= 0.062) ve isteğe bağlı sezaryen oldukları (%13.9 ve %33.3; χ²= 3.375; p= 0.066) bulunmuştur. Katkıda bulunan değişkenlerin etkisi sabit tutulduğunda, eğitim sınıflarına katılmanın vajinal doğumları 1.8 kat artırdığı (OR=1.833; %95 CI= 0.724-4.641), ancak bu sonucun istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı saptanmıştır. Eğitim grubunun daha fazla oranda (%12.0’ye karşı %0.0) psiko-sosyal destek alabildikleri ve bu farkın anlamlı olduğu belirlenmiştir (t= 2.53, p&amp;lt;0.05). Her iki gruptaki kadınlar benzer şekilde anne-bebek etkileşimi (%26.0), anne sütü ile besleme/emzirme başarısı (%46.0), fiziksel rahatlık (%18.0), rahat hareket edebilme/çabuk ayağa kalma (%16.0), kontraksiyonlar ile baş edebilme/doğumu yönetebilme (%18.0) ve bebek bakımını yapabilme (%4.0) konularında olumlu deneyime sahiptiler. Yine her iki gruptaki kadınlar benzer şekilde fiziksel rahatsızlık (%66.0), emzirme başarısızlığı/sorun yaşama (%20.0), korku/endişe (%6.0), doğumda kontrol kaybı (%4.0) ve acil sezaryen (%4.0) hakkında olumsuz deneyim bildirmişlerdir.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada doğuma hazırlık sınıfının doğum şeklini etkilemediği, psiko-sosyal destek alımını artırdığı ve fiziksel deneyimleri etkilemediği sonuçları elde edilmiştir.

PENGGUNANAAN TEKNIK ENDORPHINE MESSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN NYERI PERSALINAN PADA IBU BERSALIN KALA I

in the labor process, pain during labor due to uterine tightening, expansion along with the occurrence of a thinning cervix, along with the process of descent of the fetus during labor. Pain during labor causes anxiety and discomfort to the mother in the process of giving birth. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of endorphin massage as a pain reliever during labor. Competency 3 (Pregnancy Care) basic knowledge of paragraph 22 (relaxation techniques and strategies to relieve pain in preparation for labor and birth). Non-pharmacological therapy that is very effective in reducing the intensity of labor pain is endorphin massage. The design applied in this study is a literature review study, researchers found about the effectiveness of endorphin massage in as many as (n=20) journals after entering the inclusion criteria in this study articles that could be used as many as (n=10) articles. After conducting a review of all the journals that the researchers studied, they obtained the same result, namely that endorphin massage is very effective as an alternative to reduce labor pain for pregnant women who are in the first stage of labor.&#x0D;

Cross-sectional survey of antenatal education attendance among nulliparous pregnant women in Sydney, Australia

BackgroundAntenatal education aims to provide expectant parents with strategies for dealing with pregnancy, childbirth and parenthood and may have the potential to reduce obstetric intervention and fear of childbirth. We aimed to investigate antenatal education attendance, reasons for and barriers to attending, and techniques taught and used to manage labour. MethodsAntenatal and postnatal surveys were conducted among nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at two maternity hospitals in Sydney, Australia in 2018. Classes were classified into psychoprophylaxis, birth and parenting, other, or no classes. Reasons for and barriers to attendance, demographic characteristics, and techniques taught and used in labour were compared by class type, using Pearson’s Chi Squared tests of independence. Findings724 women were surveyed antenatally. The main reasons for attending classes were to better manage the birth (86 %), feel more secure in baby care (71 %) and as a parent (60 %); although this differed by class type. Reasons for not attending classes included being too busy (33 %) and cost (27 %). Epidural, breathing techniques, massage and nitrous oxide were the most common techniques taught. Women who attended psychoprophylaxis classes used a wider range of pain relief techniques in labour. Women found antenatal classes useful preparation for birth (94 %) and parenting (74 %). Women surveyed postnatally wanted more information on baby care/sleeping and breastfeeding. ConclusionThe majority of women found antenatal education useful and utilised techniques taught. Education providers should ensure breastfeeding and infant care information is provided, and barriers to attendance such as times and cost should be addressed.

Examination of the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the preparation for labor and birth (P-LAB) instrument

ObjectiveIt is known that a positive birth experience depends on the mother's belief and confidence in her ability to successfully achieve the birth. Therefore, it is important to determine women's self-confidence and readiness for childbirth. The purpose of this study is to determine the Turkish validity and reliability and adaptation to the Turkish culture of the Preparation for Labor and Birth instrument that was developed to measure the belief and confidence of pregnant women in their ability to achieve physiological birth. DesignThis is a descriptive, cross-sectional, and methodological study. It was conducted from January 30 to June 30, 2021, with 235 healthy pregnant women who are in their third trimester. Data are collected with a sociodemographic form and the Preparation for Labor and Birth instrument (P-LAB). FindingsThe Preparation for Labor and Birth instrument consists of 22 items and four subdimensions. The scale explains 69.10% of the total variance. In explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, factor coefficients are found above 0.30, and most of the fit indices are above 0.90. Cronbach's alpha value is above 0.70 for all scales and subscales. Key conclusionsIt is determined that the Preparation for Labor and Birth instrument is valid and reliable for the Turkish sample.

Stress and psychiatric morbidity in working and non-working pregnant women in third trimester

Background: Pregnant women experience dramatic changes both physically and mentally in preparation for birth and breastfeeding. Stress during pregnancy is known to affect the physiological and psycho-social health of the mother and also influences the fetal health. Stress during pregnancy is related to preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight and infant abnormalities. Working women are subject to duties and responsibilities both at home and work place leading to various psychological problems like role-conflict, job strain, mental fatigue and emotional disturbances. Methods: 150 Pregnant women in their third trimester of pregnancy attending the antenatal clinic of Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore were included for the study which consists of 75 working and 75 non-working. The scales used were A to Z Stress Rating Scale, Brief PHQ and semi structured sociodemographic profile. Results: The mean age with standard deviation was 25.12±2.96 for non working women and 26.84±3.09 for working women. The A-Z Stress Rating Scale (86.71±26.41) and Brief PHQ (12.27±4.16) in working women showed higher scores compared to non-working women which showed A-Z Stress Rating Scale (71.12±32.07) and Brief PHQ (10.09±5.52). They were also statistically significant

Multilevel analysis of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

ObjectiveTo determine the magnitude of quality of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study.SettingEthiopia.ParticipantsA total of 4757 weighted sample of pregnant women from 18...

Perceptions and behaviour of pregnant women in socioeconomic deprivation in rural areas. A qualitative study in France

Socioeconomic deprivation (SED) is a risk factor for complications during pregnancy and childbirth, the impact of which has been studied poorly in rural areas. To explore the perceptions and behaviour of women living in SED in a rural area with regard to their pregnancy follow-up. A qualitative study using semi-structured individual interviews was carried out in a rural area in central France. To participate, the women had to have an Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Examination Centres deprivation score ≥ 30.17, be living in a rural areaand have given birth during the month before the interview. The interviews were analysed using a thematic approach inspired by grounded theory. Seventeen women were interviewed. The difficulties of life in a rural area were linked to geographical remoteness, travel costs, lack of public services, inadequacy of nearby healthcareand social isolation. In all cases, pregnancy was an additional difficulty. The adaptive capability was related to the presence of an efficient family and social network. Most of the time, any increase in the limitations exceeded the ability to adapt and affected the medical follow-up of the pregnancy, although follow-up appointments were rarely abandoned altogether. Perceptions of birth preparation and parenting sessions were often limited to advice on pain management. Due to their affiliation with their rural area or their choice of lifestyle, the women complained only minimally. Women often minimize any limitations and implement adaptive techniques that make identification by social and medical services more difficult. Eighteen women in SED were contacted by Childhood Medical Protection, midwives and general practitioners practising in rural areas. One woman declined participation and seventeen were interviewed.

Learning from maternal deaths due to uterine rupture: review of cases from peri-urban Uganda

BACKGROUNDMaternal deaths from uterine rupture continue to occur globally, with particularly high rates in sub-Saharan Africa. Maternal death reviews have been shown to be an effective part of cohesive strategies to prevent future deaths.OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to conduct maternal death reviews for all deaths following uterine rupture in the study center, to assess preventability, and to synthesize key learning points that may help to prevent future maternal deaths following uterine rupture.STUDY DESIGNThorough case reviews of all maternal deaths from 2016 to 2018 at the study center (a national referral hospital in urban Uganda) were conducted by trained multidisciplinary panels of obstetricians and midwives. Medical records of women who died following uterine rupture (n=37, 10.6% of all maternal deaths) were extracted for further analysis.RESULTSMost maternal deaths due to uterine rupture (36/37, 97%) were preventable, with most having been still potentially preventable after the women reached the study center (24/36, 67%). Obstructed labor was the leading cause of uterine rupture, accounting for 73% (27/37) of cases. Previous cesarean delivery was confirmed in 38% (14/37) of cases. The incidence of grand multiparity was 11% (4/37), and 11% (4/37) were primiparous. Most women (28/37, 76%) died within 24 hours of admission. On arrival at the study center, 19 (51%) were critically ill. Exploratory laparotomy was performed in 54% (20/37) of cases, and a further 35% (13/37) died while awaiting laparotomy. Four women died shortly after arrival at the study center (within 1 hour) and received basic resuscitative treatment; 27% (10/37) of women who died had received antenatal planning or preparation.CONCLUSIONMost deaths due to uterine rupture were preventable. The key lessons that emerged from the reviews were: (1) careful birth preparation and complication awareness for women with known risk factors, (2) early recognition of obstructed labor, (3) close monitoring of obstetrical interventions known to be associated with uterine rupture, and (4) treating incipient or suspected uterine rupture as a time-critical obstetrical emergency. The recommendations emerging from our narrative reviews are suitable for implementation in low-resource obstetrical settings, where high numbers of deaths involving uterine rupture occur.

Determinan Perilaku Ibu Hamil dalam Melakukan Pemeriksaan Kehamilan pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19

ANC or antenatal care can be interpreted the service of the mummy and fetus during pregnancy. Through pregnancy check, various advice and education related to gestation and preparation for birth can be given to mothers as early as possible. At this time of the Covid-19 pandemic, there were some who closed their PMB but 72% were still actively providing services by referring to the health protocols that had been established so as to prevent transmission, especially to pregnant women. This research including an analytical survey research. The population taken at PMB Ny. M Tamansari Village, Mumbulsari District with the amount of 3rd trimester expectant mother who came for a pregnancy checkup in April-July 2021 to the tune of 40 expectant mother, with technique sampling is total sampling. The research results obtained that was used Chi Square analysis represented that P value &lt;0.05 was a significant relationship between the behavior of expectant mother doing ANC with Age, Education, Knowledge, Attitudes, Husband's Support and Health Facilities, the unrelated variable was the mother’s occupation. Present condition does not a barrier of expectant mother from pregnancy check-ups.

Anxiety among pregnant women during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland

Although anxiety is common because of the transitional nature of the perinatal period, particularly high levels of anxiety have been observed in some studies of pregnant women during the pandemic. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the severity of anxiety among pregnant women during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland, and factors associated with it. Cross-sectional study with a total of 1050 pregnant women recruited via social media in Poland during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, from March 1 until June 1, 2020. The survey included validated psychological measures: the GAD-7 (anxiety), the PREPS (pandemic stress), with two subscales: preparedness and infection stress, and obstetric, sociodemographic and COVID-19 related variables. T-tests, ANOVAs, and hierarchical binary logistic regression for dichotomized GAD-7 scores (minimal or mild vs. moderate or severe) were used. Over a third of respondents experienced moderate or severe levels of anxiety. Predictors of moderate or severe anxiety were non-pandemic related factors like unplanned pregnancy and emotional and psychiatric problems, as well as pandemic related pregnancy stress. Levels of anxiety among pregnant women during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland exceeded pre-pandemic norms. Findings suggest that prior psychiatric conditions, unplanned pregnancy, and elevated pandemic-related pregnancy stress due to concerns about infection or poor preparation for birth contributed to the risk of high anxiety in Polish pregnant women during the pandemic onset. Given the harmful effects of antenatal anxiety on the health and well-being of mothers and their children, psychotherapeutic interventions, efforts to alleviate pregnant women’s stress, and training in adaptive ways to cope with stress are vital to reduce the prevalence of maternal anxiety and its potential consequences during this global crisis.

Vécu de l’absence du père ou de l’accompagnant en césarienne programmée : impact du confinement lié à la pandémie Covid-19

BackgroundThe presence of the father or companion during planned caesarean section presents several benefits. However, we found no study regarding the mother's experience of his presence or absence. Material and methodsWe conducted an observational, prospective, two-centre study based on the data of women who had a planned caesarean section in Bel Air and Mercy Maternities between November 17th 2020 and June 4th 2021. Two groups were formed : a control group, including women who had a c-section in the presence of the father or companion, and a case group, including women who had a c-section without the father or companion due to Covid-19 pandemic-related containment measures. The primary endpoint was to assess the mother's anxiety regarding the presence or absence of the father or companion during planned c-section, by the use of a numerical scale of stress and STAI YA inventory. The secondary endpoint was the appraisal of information given by the medical team concerning c-section and the containment measures. ResultsRegarding the level of stress during the c-section, we did not find a significant difference by the use of the numerical scale of stress. With a mean of 53 in the case group and 49 in the focus group (P=0,048), the STAI YA scores showed a significant difference. Between the day before and the day of the c-section, we found no significant difference by the use of the numerical scale of stress. STAI YA scores showed a significant difference, with a delta of 5 in the case group against 1 in the focus group (P=0,01). Most patients estimated that the information given by the medical team helped to reduce their stress. 93 % of the patients in the focus group reckoned they would have been more stressed in the absence of the father or companion. Discussion and conclusionThe significant results of this study suggest the absence of the father or companion during planned caesarean section has an impact on mother's experience. Therefore, this should be considered in order to better our practices and improve mother's experience. In the long term, we could imagine making their presence possible during emergency caesarean sections as well (general anesthesia excluded). We could also envision adding to preparation courses to c-section to birth preparation courses, for mothers (to reduce psychological impact) but also for fathers or companions (to allow their presence in the operation room).

Role of community health volunteers in education and promotion of birth preparedness to support maternal healthcare services in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya

Background/Aims Community health volunteers are used in healthcare in low- and middle-income countries around the world, based on the idea of task-shifting. Task-shifting is a strategy for making efficient use of human resources, addressing the health worker shortage and increasing universal access to healthcare. This strategy has been adopted in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya to provide healthcare services to refugees. The role of community health volunteers in maternal healthcare in the refugee camp has not been clearly described. This study aimed to determine the roles of community health volunteers in providing maternal education and promoting birth preparedness in the Dadaab refugee camp, Kenya. Methods This mixed-method descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the IFO-1 camp, in the Dadaab refugee complex. Simple random and purposive sampling were used to recruit 74 community health volunteers and five key informants (sector heads of department working with community health volunteers) respectively. The participants were interviewed using questionnaires and key informant interviews. Data were analysed descriptively and thematically. Results The community health volunteers provided education services: maternal education was provided by 93% of the community health volunteers who participated in the study. All respondents engaged women and families in birth preparations and conducted home visits, with 66 (89%) community health volunteers conducting more than two antenatal care home visits per client and assessing birth preparedness levels. However, there were variations in training on maternal healthcare and birth preparation information, with 21 (28%) of the community health volunteers having no training at all. Conclusions Despite a lack of training, community health volunteers played a significant role in supporting the provision of maternal health services in the Dadaab refugee camp through health education and promotion of birth preparedness. Community health volunteers need training on maternal healthcare to strengthen community maternal health education and birth preparedness.

Evaluation of Pregnant Women's Awareness of Birth Preparedness. A Cross-Sectional Study

Aim: To evaluate pregnant women who are going to receive maternity care at the research area about birth preparation and catastrophe preparedness and warnings in the form of symbols throughout pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum Study design: A cross-sectional study Place and duration: This study was conducted at Muhammad Medical and Dental College Ratanabad Mirpurkhas Pakistan from March 2020 to March 2021. Methodology: After receiving permission, 153 pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 45 were recruited. Data was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Throughout all three stages, information was gathered on how well they understood the early symptoms: pregnancy, labor, and postpartum (2 days after birth). Results: A total of 63.34% of participants had never heard of BPCR. 7.1% made transportation preparations, 12 percent prepared blood donor arrangements, 27.23 percent arranged emergency funds, and 41.27 percent found a credentialed provider. 64.32% of women chose a health institution for the birth ahead of time, and 62.15% had four or more prenatal appointments. Vaginal bleeding (66.0%), placenta not delivered within 30 minutes of labor (61.2%), and vaginal bleeding (50.23%) were all stated as warning factors during pregnancy, delivery, and postpartum, respectively. Conclusion: During all three stages of pregnancy, there was a lack of awareness about BPCR and immediate warning signs. Increased prenatal visits present an incentive to educate mothers about BPCR and warnings in the form of symbols. There was a paucity of understanding regarding BPCR and warning signals in all three periods of pregnancy. Keywords: Antenatal care; Birth preparedness; Postpartum; Labor; Complication readiness; Complications of pregnancy

Preparation for birth and complication readiness: rural-urban disparities among pregnant women in communities in Enugu State, Nigeria.

birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is a key component of safe motherhood programs. The study aimed to determine the rural-urban disparities in BPCR and its predictors among pregnant women. this study was a community-based comparative cross-sectional study carried out among 366 pregnant women living in rural and urban areas in Enugu State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics at a significant level of p < 0.05. among the respondents, 213 (58.2%) had good knowledge of the components of BPCR. However, a significantly higher proportion of those in urban areas had better knowledge of these components than those in rural areas (p=0.01). Generally, there was a poor practice of BPCR among both groups of respondents. However, between both groups of respondents, good practice of BPCR was statistically significantly higher in respondents from urban areas 69 (37.7%) than those in rural areas 47 (25.7%) (X2=6.108, p=0.013). Several factors were found to be associated with good practice of BPCR among the respondents however, the only predictor of good practice of BPCR among the urban respondents was being aware of free maternal and child health services in the State while for the rural respondents, it was having an assisted delivery in the last stages of pregnancy. there are rural-urban disparities in BPCR. Most pregnant women are knowledgeable about its components but the majority do not practice it appropriately.

Normal birth belief levels of pregnants and affecting factors

This study was carried out to determine the normal birth belief levels of pregnant women and the affecting factors. This descriptive study was conducted between November and December 2021 in a pregnant education class of a public university. The sample of the study consisted of 342 pregnant women. Data were obtained through the "Personal Information Form" and "The Belief Scale for Normal Delivery (BSND)". Pregnant women with a mean age of 28.18±4.77 were determined that 75.5% of them were high school and university graduates, 77.8% were not working, 71.1% perceived their economic status as moderate, and 80.7% had a nuclear family structure. In the study, the mean total score of BSND was 77.74±14.91, and it was determined that 12.6% of the pregnant women had low, 62.3% moderate, and 25.1% high-level normal birth beliefs. In this study, it was determined that the level of belief in normal birth during pregnancy was affected by family structure, spouse's employment status, planned pregnancy, choice of birth method, the person who is influential in deciding the mode of birth and receiving training on preparation for birth (p&lt;0.05). It was determined that the belief of pregnant women in normal birth was at a moderate level and it was affected by some individual and obstetric characteristics. It can be suggested that health professionals should determine the factors that affect the normal birth belief levels of pregnant women and also include women in the decision-making process during pregnancy and childbirth.

From Expressing Human Milk to Breastfeeding-An Essential Element in the Journey to Motherhood of Mothers of Prematurely Born Infants.

Lactation and breastfeeding present an extraordinary challenge for mothers of prematurely born infants. To explore the significance of and the circumstances that affect lactation for mothers of premature infants. A qualitative exploratory study based on single, in-depth, semistructured interviews with 16 purposefully sampled mothers of premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Data were analyzed using content analysis. The study was reported according to Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. The overall theme was "From expressing human milk to breastfeeding-an essential element in the journey to motherhood." The theme emerged from 3 categories: the birth preparation time has been interrupted; expressing human milk is essential for lactation; and the motherhood journey encompasses breastfeeding. The analysis also revealed that the categories were impacted by initiating, performing, and maintaining lactation and further influenced by inhibitors and promoters. The promoters for performing milk expression and breastfeeding should be stimulated and the inhibitors should be eliminated. The achievement of "zero separation" and mother-infant couplet care in the NICU would be beneficial. In order for mothers to maintain successful lactation, it is essential that they receive supportive around-the-clock access to health professionals with expertise in lactation and breastfeeding until exclusive breastfeeding is well established. The study highlights the need to investigate mother-infant as one entity rather than separately as mother and infant.

PENGARUH SENAM HAMIL BIRTH BALL DENGAN MUATAN EDUKASI PERSIAPAN PERSALINAN TERHADAP KECEMASAN IBU HAMIL

During pregnancy, there is an imbalance of the hormones estrogen and progesterone which causes physical and psychological changes. A common psychological change during pregnancy is anxiety. Pregnant women who experience anxiety during pregnancy will increase the risk not only to the mother but also to the baby. One of the efforts to overcome the anxiety of pregnant women is to do pregnancy exercises use birth ball and education of childbirth preparation. This study aims to analize the effect of pregnancy exercise use birth ball and education of child birth preparation on pregnant women anxiety. This research method use quasi experimental with non randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Subject is divided into two groups, intervention and control with total sample 34 respondens. Anxiety of pregnant women assessment using Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSRAS). Statistical test using Mann Whitney test with p value p=0,000 showed differences between intervention group and control group p&lt;0,05, there is a significant decrease in anxiety scores in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion of this study is pregnancy exercises use birth ball and education of childbirth preparation reduces anxiety in pregnant women.