Preoperative Renal Dysfunction Research Articles

Off-pump technique reduces surgical mortality after elective coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with preoperative renal failure

ObjectivesMost randomized controlled trials of off-pump versus on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have included limited numbers of patients with preoperative renal failure. This study was performed to evaluate the association between the clinical benefit of the off-pump technique and chronic kidney disease stage. MethodsWe analyzed 38,051 patients with chronic kidney disease who underwent primary nonemergent isolated CABG from 2013 to 2015 as reported in the Japan Cardiovascular Surgery Database-Adult section. These patients were stratified into 4 categories according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 to 90, 30 to 59, and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, and hemodialysis-dependent. The clinical outcomes were compared between patients undergoing off-pump and on-pump CABG in each stratum using inverse probability of treatment weighting. ResultsIn total, 23,634 (62.1%) patients were intended for off-pump CABG. In patients with mildly reduced renal function (eGFR 60–89 mL/min/1.73 m2), there was no significant risk reduction effect of off-pump CABG for surgical mortality. Conversely, in patients with moderate or severe renal disease (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2), off-pump CABG was associated with a significantly lower incidence of surgical death (odds ratio with 95% confidence interval: eGFR 30–59 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.66 [0.51–0.84]; eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, 0.51 [0.37–0.72]; and hemodialysis-dependent, 0.68 [0.51–0.90]). In addition, in patients with severe renal disease (eGFR of <30), off-pump CABG was associated with a significantly lower incidence of de novo dialysis. ConclusionsThe off-pump technique significantly reduced surgical mortality in patients with moderate or severe preoperative renal dysfunction.

Distal Arch Aneurysm Repair Using Left Subclavian Artery Transposition With Stented Elephant Trunk in the Hybrid Repair Era

Hybrid aortic arch repair is an invasive approach to the surgical management of distal aortic arch aneurysm. The complications associated with hybrid aortic arch repair, such as stroke and endoleaks, are not uncommon and late reintervention is frequent. We retrospectively reviewed our experience of distal aortic arch aneurysm repair using the stented elephant trunk procedure with left subclavian artery (LSCA)-left common carotid artery (LCCA) transposition in the hybrid repair era. Between May 2009 and September 2016, 19 patients with distal aortic arch aneurysm underwent LSCA-LCCA transposition with stented elephant trunk implantation under hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with selective antegrade cerebral perfusion. All patients were males with a median age of 51±14 (range 20-69) years. There were no in-hospital deaths. Continuous renal replacement therapy was not required in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction after surgery. No neurologic deficits were observed in any patients prior to hospital discharge. One patient underwent concomitant thoracic endovascular aortic repair after this technique. One case required reoperation due to bleeding. One patient required debridement due to poor wound healing. During a mean follow-up of 33±21months, one patient died. Satisfactory results were obtained in suitable patients undergoing surgery for distal aortic arch aneurysm using LSCA-LCCA transposition with stented elephant trunk implantation in the hybrid repair era. The straightforward nature of the surgical approach, with avoidance of the complications related to hybrid aortic arch repair and reduction of late re-intervention favours this technique for treating distal aortic arch aneurysm.

Long-term decline in renal function is more significant after endovascular repair of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms

ObjectiveIt is not clear whether endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) results in an increase in renal insufficiency during the long term compared with open repair (OR). We reviewed our experience with AAA repair to determine whether there was a significant difference in postoperative and long-term renal outcomes between OR and EVAR. MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted of all patients who underwent AAA repair between January 1993 and July 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, preoperative and postoperative laboratory values, morbidity, and mortality were collected. Patients with ruptured AAAs, preoperative hemodialysis, juxtarenal or suprarenal aneurysm origin, and no follow-up laboratory values were excluded. Preoperative, postoperative, 6-month, and yearly serum creatinine values were collected. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated on the basis of the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was classified using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Change in GFR was defined as preoperative GFR minus the GFR at each follow-up interval. Comparison was made between EVAR and OR groups using multivariate logistics for categorical data and linear regression for continuous variables. ResultsDuring the study period, 763 infrarenal AAA repairs were performed at our institution; 675 repairs fit the inclusion criteria (317 ORs and 358 EVARs). Mean age was 73.9 years. Seventy-nine percent were male, 78% were hypertensive, 18% were diabetic, and 31% had preoperative renal dysfunction defined as GFR below 60 mL/min. Using a multivariate logistic model to control for all variables, OR was found to have a 1.6 times greater chance for development of immediate postoperative AKI compared with EVAR (P = .038). Hypertension and aneurysm size were independent risk factors for development of AKI (P = .012 and .022, respectively). Using a linear regression model to look at GFR decline during several years, there was a greater decline in GFR in the EVAR group. This became significant starting at postoperative year 4. AKI and preoperative renal dysfunction were independent risk factors for long-term decline in renal function. ConclusionsAlthough AKI is less likely to occur after EVAR, patients undergoing EVAR experience a significant but delayed decline in GFR over time compared with OR. This became apparent after postoperative year 4. Studies comparing EVAR and OR may need longer follow-up to detect clinically significant differences in renal function.

Validity of the Swedish Cardiac Surgery Registry.

Our goal was to validate the Swedish Cardiac Surgery Registry by reviewing the reported cardiac operations to assess the completeness and quality of the registered data and the EuroSCORE II variables. A total of 5837 cardiac operations were reported to the Swedish Cardiac Surgery Registry in Sweden during 2015. A randomly selected sample of 753 patient records (13%) was scrutinized by 3 surgeons at all 8 units in Sweden performing open cardiac surgery in adults. Coverage was excellent with 99% [95% confidence interval (CI) 98-99%] of the performed procedures found in the registry. Reported waiting times for surgery were correct in 78% (95% CI 76-79%) of the cases. The main procedural code was correctly reported in 96% (95% CI 95-97%) of the cases. The correlation between reported and monitored logistic EuroSCORE II had a coefficient of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76-0.82), and the median difference in EuroSCORE II was 0% (interquartile range -0.4% to 0.4%). The majority of EuroSCORE II variables had good agreement and coherence; however, New York Heart Association functional class, preoperative renal dysfunction, left ventricular ejection fraction, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Class IV angina and poor mobility were less robust. Postoperative complications were rare and in general had a high degree of completeness and agreement. The reliability of the variables in the national Swedish Cardiac Surgery Registry was excellent. Thus, the registry is a valuable source of data for quality studies and research. Some EuroSCORE II variables require improved and stricter definitions to obtain uniform reporting and high validity.

Surgical closure of patent ductus arteriosus in extremely low birth weight infants weighing less than 750 grams.

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occurs more frequently in premature infants. Depending on the degree of prematurity, these children often have other serious comorbidities that could have a significant impact on surgical outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical results of surgical ligation of PDA in extremely low body weight preterm infants with birth weight below 750 g, and to identify risk factors of mortality. A total of 31 preterm infants with birth weight below 750 g and significant PDA were operated between 2006 and 2016 through posterolateral thoracotomy (n = 16) or with the use of video-assisted thoracoscopic method (n = 15). Mean weight at the time of surgery was 750.8 ± 104.7 g. The gestational age ranged from 22 to 32 weeks. Data were retrospectively analysed, and prospective 100% follow-up was performed. In-hospital mortality was 25.8% (n = 8). The type of surgery had no influence on the results. During the follow-up period lasting 5.2 ± 2.5 years, two other patients died. One-year and five-year probability of survival was 77.4% and 74.2%, respectively. The predominant cause of death was acute heart failure. All patients with preoperative renal dysfunction died in the postoperative period. Moreover, Cox regression analysis revealed renal dysfunction as an independent risk factor of early death. Preterm infants with birth weight less than 750 g and significant PDA are highly challenging patients. Despite the recent advances in perioperative management with neonates, surgery is still associated with a high early mortality rate irrespective of the applied method.

Intraoperative management of liver transplant recipients having severe renal dysfunction: results of 42 cases.

PurposeWhereas continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been utilized during liver transplantation (LT), there was a lack of evidence to support this practice. We investigated the adverse events at the perioperative periods in recipients of LT who received preoperative CRRT without intraoperative CRRT.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed medical records of adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who received LT between December 2009 and May 2015. Perioperative data were collected from the recipients, who received preoperative CRRT until immediately before LT, because of refractory renal dysfunction.ResultsOf 706 recipients, 42 recipients received preoperative CRRT. The mean (standard deviation) Model for end-stage liver disease score were 49.6 (13.4). Twenty-six point two percent (26.2%) of recipients experienced the serum potassium > 4.5 mEq/L before reperfusion and treated with regular insulin. Thirty-eight point one percent (38.1%) of recipients were managed with sodium bicarbonate because of acidosis (base excess < −10 mEq/L throughout LT). All patients finished their operations without medically uncontrolled complications such as severe hyperkalemia (serum potassium > 5.5 mEq/L), refractory acidosis, or critical arrhythmias. Mortality was 19% at 30 day and 33.3% at 1 year.ConclusionAlthough intraoperative CRRT was not used in recipients with severe preoperative renal dysfunction, LT was safely performed. Our experience raises a question about the need for intraoperative CRRT.

Reversible preoperative renal dysfunction does not add to the risk of postoperative acute kidney injury after cardiac valve surgery.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of the renal dysfunction (RD) type and change of postoperative cardiac function on the risk of developing acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who underwent cardiac valve surgery.MethodReversible renal dysfunction (RRD) was defined as preoperative RD in patients who had not been initially diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cardiac function improvement (CFI) was defined as postoperative left ventricular ejection function – preoperative left ventricular ejection function (ΔEF) >0%, and cardiac function not improved (CFNI) as ΔEF ≤0%.ResultsOf the 4,805 (94%) cardiac valve surgery patients, 301 (6%) were RD cases. The AKI incidence in the RRD group (n=252) was significantly lower than in the CKD group (n=49) (36.5% vs 63.3%, P=0.018). The AKI and renal replacement therapy incidences in the CFI group (n=174) were significantly lower than in the CFNI group (n=127) (33.9% vs 50.4%, P=0.004; 6.3% vs 13.4%, P=0.037). After adjustment for age, gender, and other confounding factors, CKD and CKD + CFNI were identified as independent risk factors for AKI in all patients after cardiac valve surgery. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for postoperative AKI in preoperative RD patients were age, gender (male), hypertension, diabetes, chronic heart failure, cardiopulmonary bypass time (every 1 min added), and intraoperative hypotension, while CFI after surgery could reduce the risk.ConclusionFor cardiac valve surgery patients, preoperative CKD was an independent risk factor for postoperative AKI, but RRD did not add to the risk. Improved postoperative cardiac function can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative AKI.

Risk of de novo dialysis after elective cardiac surgery according to preoperative renal dysfunction.

The aim was to estimate the risk of dialysis postoperative de novo dialysis in patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery, according to varying degrees of pre-existing renal dysfunction, and to compare the outcomes with the expected prevalence of dialysis based on several risk scores. A retrospective analysis was performed over a 5-year period (2012-16) from a series of 1332 adult patients who underwent elective cardiac surgery. Patients were divided into 3 estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCl) groups: eCrCl >60 ml/min, eCrCl from 50 ml/min to 60 ml/min and eCrCl ≤49 ml/min. The primary outcome was any renal failure requiring first-time dialysis during the postoperative hospital stay. The expected risk for postoperative dialysis was calculated with 3 predictive scores: the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Bedside Risk Tool, the Cleveland Clinic Score and the Simplified Renal Index. The global accuracy of eCrCl and the different scores was evaluated in terms of calibration and discrimination. In the overall population, 26.6% of patients presented moderate or severe pre-existing renal dysfunction, and the need for de novo dialysis varied from 0.6% to 5.0% depending on the degree of preoperative eCrCl (P < 0.0001). Preoperative renal dysfunction with eCrCl <50 ml/min was associated with nearly 8-fold increase of risk for postoperative dialysis; eCrCl between 50 ml/min and 60 ml/min showed a 2-fold increase, though this last difference did not reach statistical significance. In elective cardiac surgery, isolated preoperative eCrCl seemed to be an accurate indicator of risk for postoperative de novo dialysis. More complex models did not provide additional information to stratify that risk.

Benefits of Intraoperative Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy During Liver Transplantation in Patients With Renal Dysfunction

BackgroundComparative outcomes of continuous renal replacement therapy during liver transplantation have not been investigated. We retrospectively compared the outcomes of intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy with those of non-dialytic conservative treatment in patients with pretransplant renal dysfunction. MethodsWe analyzed 240 transplantation patients with preoperative renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2). ResultsCompared with the non-dialytic conservative treatment group (n = 98), the intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy group (n = 142) experienced more severe critical illness (as indicated by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score) and more severe preoperative renal dysfunction, as well as more frequent hepatic encephalopathy, ventilatory care, and intensive care unit admission (P < .005). There were also worse outcomes regarding patient survival, graft survival, recovery of renal function, and postoperative complications. However, the intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy group significantly escaped volume overload (adjusted odds ratio, 0.396; 95% confidence interval, 0.223–0.703; P = .002) and unnecessary changes in serum sodium concentration ≥10 mmol/L during surgery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.208; 95% confidence interval, 0.065–0.665; P = .008). ConclusionsConsidering the more severe critical illness of the intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy group but the low frequency of volume overload and serum sodium fluctuation, intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy could be useful during liver transplantation in critically ill patients with renal dysfunction. Randomized, controlled studies that could demonstrate outcome benefits and indications of intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy during liver transplantation are needed.

Predictive value of procalcitonin in postoperative intra-abdominal infections after definitive operation of intestinal fistulae

To investigate the predictive value of procalcitonin(PCT) in postoperative intra-abdominal infections (IAI) after definitive operation of intestinal fistulae(IF). With the exclusion of emergence operation, preoperative clinical infection, preoperative renal or hepatic dysfunction, and age less than 18 years, a total of 356 consecutive patients who underwent elective digestive tract reconstruction of intestinal fistulae from February 2012 to December 2015 at Intestinal Fistula Center of Jinling Hospital were prospectively enrolled in the study. All the patients were divided into IAI group (26 cases, 21 of anastomosis leakage and 5 of peritoneal abscess) and non-IAI group (330 cases) based on the existence of postoperative IAI. The non-IAI group was then divided into two subgroups of other infection (93 cases) and non-infection(237 cases) according to the presence of other infections. Plasma PCT level, serum CRP concentration and WBC count were assessed preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, 5, 7 by immunofluorescence, turbidimetry and automatic blood analyzer, respectively. The predictive value of each marker for IAI was calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. There was no significant difference in general clinical data between IAI and non-IAI group (all P>0.05). The proportions of multi-IF (53.8%, 14/26) and colectomy (61.5%, 16/26) in IAI group were higher than those of non-IAI group [20.0% (66/330), χ2=15.847, P=0.000 and 31.2%(103/330), χ2=9.961, P=0.002]. Differences of preoperative PCT, CRP and WBC levels among IAI, other infection and non-infection groups were not significant. These three markers all increased obviously and immediately after surgery. PCT and WBC values reached the peak point on POD 1, whereas CRP on POD 3. In IAI group, mean PCT values were (5.4±4.2) μg/L, (2.9±1.9) μg/L and (1.6±1.8) μg/L on POD 1, POD 3 and POD 5, respectively, which were higher than those of other infection group [(4.2±8.7) μg/L, (1.9±3.8) μg/L and (0.6±0.8) μg/L] and non-infection group [(2.7±5.8) μg/L, (1.1±1.7) μg/L and (0.5±0.7) μg/L, all P<0.05]. Mean CRP values in IAI group were 99.4 mg/L and 183.9 mg/L respectively on POD 1 and POD 3,and mean WBC values of IAI group on POD 1, POD 3 and POD 5 were 16.0×109/L, 10.8×109/L and 8.7×109/L, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those in the other 2 groups (all P<0.05). No significant differences were obtained between other infection group and non-infection group in all these three markers (all P>0.05). ROC curve demonstrated that PCT had the biggest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and 0.84 on POD 3 and POD 5, with the cut-off value of 0.98 μg/L and 0.83 μg/L, 92.0% sensitivity and 74.0% specificity, 91.0% sensitivity and 73.0% specificity, respectively. The highest AUC was 0.72 on POD 3 for CRP and 0.71 on POD 3 for WBC, with 80.0% sensitivity and 54.0% specificity, 56.0% sensitivity and 73.0% specificity, respectively. The value of procalcitonin above 0.98 μg/L on POD 3 and 0.83 μg/L on POD 5 can predict the occurrence of IAI after definitive operations of intestinal fistulae.

VESS23. Long-Term Decline in Renal Function Is More Significant After Endovascular Repair of Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

It is not clear whether endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR) results in more decline in renal function over the long-term when compared to open repair (OR). We reviewed our experience with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair to determine whether there was a significant difference in immediate postoperative and long-term renal outcomes between OR and EVAR. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on all patients who underwent AAA repair between January 1993 and July 2013 at a tertiary referral hospital. Demographics, comorbidities, preoperative and postoperative laboratory values, morbidity, and mortality were collected. Patients with ruptured AAAs, preoperative hemodialysis, juxtarenal or suprarenal aneurysm origin, and no follow-up laboratory values were excluded. Preoperative, postoperative, 6-month, and yearly serum creatinine values were collected. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated based on the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was classified using the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines. Δ GFR was defined as preoperative GFR minus the GFR at each follow-up interval. Comparison was made between EVAR and OR groups using multivariate logistics for categoric data and linear regression for continuous variables. During the study period, 769 infrarenal AAA repairs were performed at our institution; 675 repairs fit the inclusion criteria (315 OR and 360 EVARs). Mean age was 73.9 years, 79% were males, 78% were hypertensive, 18% were diabetic, and 31% had preoperative renal dysfunction defined as a GFR <60 mL/min. A multivariate logistic model to control for all variables found that OR had a 1.6-times greater chance of developing immediate postoperative AKI compared with EVAR (P = .038). Hypertension and aneurysm size were also independent risk factors for developing AKI (P = .012 and P = .022, respectively). Using a linear regression model, we found a greater decline in GFR postoperatively in the EVAR group. This was significant starting at postoperative year 4 (Fig). AKI and preoperative renal dysfunction were other independent risk factors for long-term decline in renal function. Despite the deleterious effect of OR on immediate postoperative renal function, patients undergoing OR experience a slower decline in GFR over time compared to EVAR patients. The basis for this greater decline in renal function in EVAR patients is undefined but could relate to the need for postoperative EVAR surveillance. Studies comparing EVAR and OR may need longer follow-up to detect clinically significant differences in renal function.

Analysis of Short- and Long-term Outcomes of Patients With Surgically Treated Left-sided Infective Endocarditis: A 5-Year Longitudinal Follow-up Study

This study aims to analyze survival, repeat hospitalization, and risk factors for surgically treated left-sided endocarditis. Retrospective review of all 166 (114 native and 52 prosthetic) patients operated between January 2004 and March 2015 was performed. Long-term survival and repeat hospitalization data for 134 of 166 patients were obtained via linked clinical databases with the Manitoba Centre for Health Policy. Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival and hospital readmission and Cox multivariable regression analysis of factors influencing outcomes were performed. Survival at 1 and 5 years was 91% and 80%, respectively, and major adverse prosthesis-related event repeat hospitalization rates were 12% and 21%, respectively. Repeat hospitalization because of endocarditis was 7% and 11% at 1 and 5 years, respectively. Survival and repeat hospitalization were similar for aortic and mitral valves. Survival after surgically treated endocarditis was similar to survival for age-, sex-, and valve-matched surgical valve replacements for noninfectious indications (P = 0.53). Viridans Streptococci was the most common organism in native valve endocarditis, and culture negative endocarditis was most common in prosthetic valves. Prosthetic valve endocarditis (P < 0.01) and preoperative renal dysfunction (P < 0.01) were risk factors for in-hospital mortality and major postoperative adverse events. Diabetes and renal dysfunction were associated with poor long-term survival, functional survival, and repeat hospitalization. This analysis suggests that surgery remains a very effective tool in management of these complex patients in terms of survival and major adverse prosthesis-related event repeat hospitalization.

Effects of Preoperative Renal Function on Outcomes Following Cardiac Surgery: A Comparative Study of 1875 Patients

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of renal dysfunction (RD) on outcomes following cardiac surgery in a large series of patients. Methodology: A comparative study was performed on all patients having undergone cardiac surgery between April 2008 and January 2016 at our institute (n = 1875, mean age 67 ± 11 years, 75% males). Data for all patients were collected prospectively as part of a national database. Patient demographics and perioperative data were collected. Preoperative renal function was classified as normal renal function (NRF, CrCl > 85 ml/min, 45%), moderate RD (CrCl 50-85 ml/min, 42%), severe RD (CrCl < 50 ml/min, 12%), or patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT; 1.4%). Results: Most commonly performed operations were isolated CABG (52%) and isolated AVR (13%). ICU stay was longer in those with moderate RD (45 ± 78 h; p = 0.049) or severe RD (63 ± 112 h; p = 0.002) or those on RRT (87 ± 78 h; p = 0.004) when compared with those with NRF (39 ± 52 h), as was return to ICU rate (4.5% in severe RD vs 1.4% in NRF, p = 0.044), and prolonged (>4 h) inotropic requirements (37% in RRT vs 13% in NRF, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference amongst groups in postoperative stroke rate. Blood transfusion rate was significantly higher in those with more severe RD (normal, 13%; moderate RD, 24%; severe RD, 40%; RRT, 70%). Return to theatre ranged from 15% in RRT to 4% in NRF (p = 0.002). New postoperative RRT was required in 3.6% of those with severe RD, 0.5% of those with moderate RD, and 0.1% of patients with NRF (p < 0.001). Early mortality was significantly higher in those with more severe RD (normal, 0.4%; moderate RD, 1.5%; severe RD, 2.3%; RRT, 3.7%; p = 0.023). Conclusion: Preoperative RD is associated with worse outcomes following cardiac surgery.

Hypotensive epidural anesthesia in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction presenting for hip arthroplasty

Objective To investigate the benefits and safety of hypotensive epidural anesthesia (HEA) in comparison with normotensive epidural anesthesia in patients with preoperative renal dysfunction presenting for hip arthroplasty. Background HEA is one of the anesthetic techniques used to reduce perioperative blood loss for total hip replacement. The technique includes a combination of an extensive epidural block and an intravenous infusion of low-dose epinephrine (1–5 μg/min) to adjust and control the mean arterial blood pressure together with preserving central venous pressure and cardiac output. Patients and methods Forty adult patients of both sexes undergoing primary unilateral hip arthroplasty, ranging in age from 60 to 74 years, ASA II–III with mild renal dysfunction were divided into two groups: group I received epidural anesthesia with strict preservation of the mean arterial blood pressure (65–90 mmHg) during surgery using vasopressors, fluids, and/or blood transfusions and group II received epidural anesthesia and hypotension was induced by maintaining the mean arterial blood pressure at 55–60 mmHg during the entire surgery. Results The heart rate and the mean arterial blood pressure showed a significant difference between the two groups at 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 min intraoperatively (P Conclusion HEA is superior to normotensive epidural anesthesia in patients with renal impairment undergoing hip arthroplasty in the form of decreased blood loss and the need for blood infusion, provides a clear surgical field, and leads to an improvement in cement fixation and decreased incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis and blood loss, with no evidence of acute kidney injury postoperatively.

Impact of renal function impairment assessed by CKDEPI estimated glomerular filtration rate on early and late outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting

BackgroundWe explore the association between short- and long- term adverse outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and the degree of preoperative renal dysfunction classified on glomerular fraction estimated with Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation (eGFRCKD-EPI). We also try to identify cut-off values of eGFRCKD-EPI able to predict post-CABG unfavorable events and assess whether a reclassification with new thresholds is necessary. MethodsOne-thousand-one-hundred-eighty-six consecutive patients undergoing CABG between 2005 and 2014 were categorized in 4 groups according to the eGFRCKD-EPI: Group 1 (≥60ml/min/1.73m2; n=1199), Group 2 (45–59ml/min/1.73m2; n=358), Group 3 (30–44ml/min/1.73m2; n=171) and Group 4 (≤29ml/min/1.73m2; n=126). Median follow-up was 66months [IQR 46–84]. ResultseGFRCKD-EPI ≤30ml/min/1.73m2, ≤41ml/min/1.73m2, ≤27ml/min/1.73m2 and ≤29ml/min/1.73m2 were strong predictors of early mortality (OR 5.88 [95% CI 2.59–11.25]), stroke (2.59 [1.43–3.71]), prolonged length of stay (3.49 [1.24–5.92]) and postoperative dialysis (3.68 [1.34–4.91]), respectively. In addition, eGFRCKD-EPI ≤26ml/min/1.73m2, ≤25ml/min/1.73m2, ≤35ml/min/1.73m2 and ≤29ml/min/1.73m2 predicted all-cause death (hazard ratio 2.74 [95% CI 2.10–3.92] cardiovascular death (sub-hazard ratio 2.11 [95% CI 1.42–3.90]), myocardial infarction (2.01 [1.32–3.70]) and heart failure (2.24 [1.41–3.93]), respectively. Analyses corrected by age and left ventricular ejection fraction confirmed these findings. ConclusionsIn our experience, the use of the eGFRCKD-EPI equation led to categorization with a significantly lower number of patients at risk for post-CABG complications. This might have important clinical repercussions on allocation of healthcare resources and more targeted prevention and management of CABG complications.

Impact of Preoperative Chronic Kidney Disease in 2,531 High-Risk and Inoperable Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in the PARTNER Trial

Although preoperative renal dysfunction (RD) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity after surgical aortic valve replacement, its impact on clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is less defined. TAVR patients in the PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) trial with a calculable glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation were included. Patients were divided into three groups: GFR >60 mL/min (none/mild RD), GFR 31 to 60 mL/min (moderate RD), and GFR ≤30 mL/min (severe RD). Operative characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Cox regression models were used to determine multivariable predictors of 1-year all-cause mortality. A total of 2,531 inoperable or high surgical risk patients from the PARTNER trial and continued access registries had a calculable GFR level: 767 (30%) had normal renal function or mild RD, 1,473 (58%) had moderate RD, and 291 (12%) presented with severe RD. The mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality for the cohort was 11.5%, and it was highest in those with severe RD (13.8%). Patients with severe RD were more often women with a higher prevalence of diabetes. Patients with severe RD had the highest incidence of 30-day and 1-year all-cause mortality and rehospitalization. The 30-day rate of death from any cause was 10.7% in the severe RD group versus 6.0% in the moderate and mild RD groups (p= 0.01). The 1-year rate of death from any cause was 34.4% in the severe RD group versus 21.5% in the moderate RD and 20.8% in the none/mild RD groups (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, p<0.0001 for severe versus none/mild; adjusted HR 1.14, p= 0.24 for severe versus moderate). Other significant predictors of 1-year all-cause mortality included lower body mass index, frailty, the transapical approach, a lower ejection fraction, oxygen-dependent chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease, and male sex. Preoperative severe RD is a significant predictor for 1-year mortality in TAVR patients. Careful risk stratification by the heart team is required in patients with severe preprocedural RD.

Renal Function Recovery after Nephrectomy or Nephron-Sparing Surgery in Children with Unilateral Renal Tumor.

Introduction Children with unilateral renal tumor (URT) and preoperative renal dysfunction (PRD) may benefit from nephron-sparing surgery (NSS). To test this hypothesis, we studied the outcome of baseline renal function after nephrectomy or NSS among children with URT. Materials and Methods Retrospective records review of children with URT who underwent nephrectomy (25 children) or NSS (11 children) at our institution. We analyzed the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) changes over time among patients, stratified by both preoperative renal function (with or without PRD) and surgical extent (NSS vs. nephrectomy). The primary end point was evaluation of compensatory recovery of preoperative eGFR after surgery. Only children older than 2 years at surgery were included in the study. Renal dysfunction was defined as an eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results After nephrectomy or NSS, patients with PRD presented, on average during adolescence, a significant increase in eGFR, whereas patients without PRD presented, on average during adolescence, a stable eGFR. However, after nephrectomy, 5 of 17 (29%) and 7 of 8 (87%) adolescent patients with baseline eGFR ≤ or > 100 mL/min/1.73 m2, respectively, achieved or maintained two-kidney eGFR values (T-KEV) (p = 0.01). After NSS, four adolescent patients with PRD and seven without PRD achieved or maintained T-KEV. Conclusion The majority of children with URT and low baseline eGFR present with an impaired renal function recovery after nephrectomy and may benefit from NSS. Collaborative studies are needed to support present findings.

Impact of preoperative asymptomatic renal dysfunction on postoperative clinical course after pancreatoduodenectomy

La prostatectomie totale de rattrapage (PTR) est une intervention peu réalisée en pratique courante compte tenu d’une morbidité importante. L’objectif était de rapporter notre expérience concernant la PTR après échec de traitement local du cancer de la prostate.Étude rétrospective incluant les patients ayant bénéficié d’une PTR entre 2005 et 2015 dans notre centre pour récidive locale d’un cancer de prostate. La récidive locale était suspectée devant une élévation du PSA > nadir + 2 ng/mL et confirmée par biopsie. Les complications périopératoires (classification de Dindo-Clavien) et les résultats carcinologiques et fonctionnels ont été analysés.Au total, 24 patients d’un âge médian de 59 ans (EIQ : 55–60) ont été inclus avec un suivi médian de 25 mois (EIQ : 9–26). Le traitement local initial était une radiothérapie externe (n = 10), une curiethérapie (n = 7) ou un HIFU (n = 7). Les interventions étaient réalisées par voie ouverte (50 %) et cœlioscopique robot-assistée (50 %). Cinq (21 %) patients ont présenté une complication de grade ≤ IIIa. Les marges chirurgicales étaient positives dans 46 %. Sept (29 %) patients ont présenté une récidive biologique dont 5 (21 %) ont présenté une progression clinique. Une incontinence urinaire sévère (≥ 3 protections) est survenue dans 25 %. Soixante-trois pour cent des patients présentaient une dysfonction érectile.La PTR est une procédure faisable permettant un contrôle local satisfaisant avec une morbidité acceptable. Cette technique doit faire partie des options de traitement à proposer après récidive locale chez des patients bien sélectionnés.4.Salvage radical prostatectomy (sRP) for radiorecurrent prostate cancer (PCa) is a challenging procedure. To report our experience with sRP for selected patients with local recurrence after primary treatment for localised PCa.From 2005 to 2015, 24 patients underwent sRP for recurrent PCa in our center and were included in this retrospective study. Local recurrence was suspected by PSA increase > nadir + 2 ng/mL and was confirmed by biopsy. Perioperative complications according to Clavien-Dindo classification, oncological and functional results were analysed.Overall, 24 patients with a median age of 59 years (IQR: 55–60) were included. Median follow-up was 25 months (IQR: 9–26). Procedures were performed with open-retropubic approach in 50 % and robot-assisted laparoscopic approach in 50 %. Overall, 5 (21 %) and 2 (8 %) patients experienced grade ≤ IIIa and grade ≥ IIIb postoperative complication, respectively. Surgical margins were positive in 46 % of cases. Three out of 4 patients with postoperatively detectable PSA (> 0.2 ng/mL) had positive surgical margins. Seven patients experienced biochemical recurrence in a median delay of 19 months (9–62). Seventy-one percent (5) of these patients experienced clinical recurrence in a median delay of 24 months (10–113). Severe urinary incontinence (≥ 3 pads/day) and erectile dysfunction were reported in 25 % and 63 %, respectively.sRP for patients is a feasible procedure with encouraging local control rate and acceptable morbidity. This technique should be discussed as a treatment option for locally recurrent PCa in well-selected patients.4.

Influence of hepatorenal syndrome on outcome of living donor liver transplantation: A single-center experience in 357 patients.

Liver transplantation is the only curative treatment for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS); however, the influence of HRS on the patient and renal outcome after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of HRS on the outcome of LDLT. We retrospectively analyzed 357 consecutive adult patients who underwent primary LDLT between January 2005 and March 2013 at Kyoto University Hospital. The outcome of the patients with HRS was compared with those without HRS. A total of 29 patients (8%) were diagnosed as HRS (Group-HRS) preoperatively, and the other 328 patients (92%) were not diagnosed as HRS (Group-Non-HRS). Group-HRS showed a significantly lower preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (22.1 vs 78.3mL/min/1.73m2 , P <0.001) and higher Child-Pugh-Turcotte score (13 vs 10, P <0.001) than Group-non-HRS. After a median follow up of 60months, the 1-, 3- and 5-year recipients' survival were 60.7%, 57.1% and 57.1% in Group-HRS, and 83.7%, 79.4% and 76.2% in Group-Non-HRS, respectively (P = 0.030). Concomitant HRS significantly elongated postoperative hospital stays (75 vs 50days, P = 0.003), as well as predisposed patients to higher in-hospital mortality (41% vs 18%, P = 0.005). Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative renal dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate on admission <40mL/min/1.73m2 , OR 2.106, P = 0.03) was an independent risk factor for 1-year recipients' survival after LDLT, in addition to donor age ≥38years (OR 3.114, P <0.001), Child-Pugh-Turcotte score ≥13 (OR 2.929, P <0.001) and left lobe graft (OR 2.225, P = 0.004). Coincidence of HRS is associated with significantly worse outcome after LDLT, especially in the early post-transplant period.

Open Reconstruction of Huge Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Postoperative Complications

Purpose: Was to study the results of open surgical reconstruction of huge abdominal aortic aneurysms (HAAAs) & their complications. Patients and methods: Twenty eight patients with huge abdominal aortic aneurysms were studied in the period from October 2012- March 2015. The diagnosis was done by: history, clinical examination, various imaging which included: Duplex Ultrasound, CTA, MRA, DSA & Mid-stream aortography. Open aortic reconstruction was done by using Bifurcated graft (Collagen coated or PTFE ) or aneurysmorrhaphy in two cases of mycotic saccular aneurysms. Results: The age incidence ranged from 45-78 years with a mean of 64 years. Male sex was predominant than female sex with M:F ratio 6:1. There was a history of Diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, myocardial infarction (seven cases) & renal impairment (two cases). The most common presentation of AAAs were abdominal pain, back pain, pulsating abdominal mass & acute abdomen (in two leaking AAAs). The size of the aneurysm (diameter) ranged between 12-22 cm with a mean of 16 cm, the size was measured by Duplex Ultrasound & CTA. Postoperative Morbidity: lower limb ischemia due to arterial thrombosis was present in two cases & distal embolization in two cases, thrombectomy & embolectomy were done respectively & successfully except one big toe amputated after embolectomy. Myocardial infarction occurred in four cases, two of them died. Another two cases developed uraemia, one of them died. Leaking abdominal aortic aneurysms occurred in two cases, one of them died. The overall all mortality rate within thirty postoperative days was four cases (14.3%), no intraoperative mortality. Conclusion: The morbidity & mortality rates were proportional with increase in size of the aneurysm & increase with the presence of preoperative cardiac, renal dysfunction & risk factors.