Preoperative Radiological Evaluation Research Articles

Evaluation of maxillary sinus pathologies and the posterior superior alveolar artery canal using cone-beam computed tomography

ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the anatomical relationship between the posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) and the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus during preoperative radiological evaluations in the posterior maxillary dental region, as well as to evaluate the prevalence of PSAA and its potential associations with sinus pathologies.Materials and methodsThis retrospective study is based on the analysis of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data from 510 sinuses of 255 patients. The visibility of the PSAA vascular canal, artery diameters, vertical distance between the alveolar crest and the artery, and the distance to the sinus floor were measured in coronal sections. Additionally, the relationships between sinus pathologies and septa within the sinuses and the PSAA were evaluated.ResultsPSAA was detected bilaterally in the majority of patients (70.2%). Sinus pathologies and the presence of septa were also examined, revealing that 36.9% of the sinus pathologies were bilateral. Chi-square analyses showed no statistically significant relationship between gender and the presence of PSAA. Female patients had a higher incidence of sinus pathologies compared to males (p = 0.002). No significant relationship was found between the presence of PSAA and septa.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of considering the anatomical position and prevalence of the PSAA during preoperative radiological evaluations in the posterior maxillary region. This study identified the PSAA as predominantly located in the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, an anatomical feature of critical importance during preoperative radiological evaluations to minimize vascular complications.Clinical trial numberNot applicable.

Evaluating the Incidence of Incidental Gallbladder Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Retrospective Analysis in North India.

Background Incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) remains a significant clinical challenge, with its diagnosis often delayed due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease and its incidental discovery post-cholecystectomy. This study's aim is to calculate incidence in a high-risk, region-specific(North Indian) population and also to provide novel insights into clinical presentation as well as macroscopic and histopathological features of IGBC. Material and methods This retrospective observational study spanned four years (August 2013 to July 2016) and included a total of 3096 cases. Demographic, clinical, radiological, treatment and follow-up data were sourced from archived records. IGBC diagnoses were confirmed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Results A total of 3,067 routine cholecystectomies were performed during this period, of which a total of 162 cases (18.93%) were diagnosed as gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) and 51 cases (1.74%) were identified as IGBC. The mean age was49.8 years. Among the total IGBC cases, most patients underwent preoperative imaging of which eight cases (15.6%) showed findings on preoperative radiological evaluation suggestive of malignancy. Among these, five cases (9.8%) demonstrated subtle gallbladder wall thickening and three cases (5.8%) revealed suspicioussmall polypoidal lesions (less than 1 cm). Microscopy showed that majority of these tumours were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas (n=27; 52.94%), followed by moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (n=17; 33.33%), mucinous adenocarcinomas (n=03; 5.88%), papillary adenocarcinomas (n=02; 3.92%), and neuroendocrine tumours (n=1; 1.96%). Staging revealed 26 (50.98%) cases as Stage IIA, 24 (47.0%)as Stage I, and one (1.9%) as Stage III. On follow-up, the median survival period was found to be32 months. Conclusions Our study emphasizes the limitations of conventional imaging in detecting early-stage gallbladder cancer, and it advocated the critical importance of routine histopathological examination (HPE) of all gallbladder specimens. Additionally, our findings contribute to a growing body of evidence that suggests early-stage IGBC may offer improved survival outcomes if diagnosed timely and treated aggressively, prompting a re-evaluation of current diagnostic and management strategies.

Radiological Perspectives in Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Insights from Cochlear Implant Candidates.

Objectives: Congenital hearing loss is a significant health concern, with diverse etiologies encompassing cochlear and cochleovestibular pathologies. Preoperative radiological evaluation in cochlear implant candidates is pivotal for treatment planning. We aim to elucidate the spectrum of radiological findings in patients with congenital hearing loss undergoing cochlear implant assessment. Methods: An analysis included 389 sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) patients who underwent cochlear implantation at a tertiary university hospital, of which 177 were congenital SNHL. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were meticulously assessed for diverse congenital pathologies, focusing on congenital malformations. Results: In the congenital SNHL group, comprising 177 patients (80 females and 97 males), congenital cochleovestibular malformations were evident in 56 ears of 29 cases. Different congenital cochleovestibular malformations, ranging from labyrinthine aplasia to isolated large vestibular aqueducts, were detected. Among the various anomalies, incomplete partitions and cochlear hypoplasia emerged as more frequent patterns. Conclusions: This study offers a comprehensive radiological analysis of congenital SNHL patients undergoing cochlear implantation, revealing a spectrum of anomalies. It demonstrates the diverse nature of anomalies affecting the external auditory canal, middle ear structures, and cochleovestibular system. These insights provide a deeper understanding of congenital SNHL and contribute to developing informed treatment strategies.

Association Between Preoperative Radiological Findings and Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Introduction Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a widely accepted surgical intervention for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis, aimed at reducing pain and improving functional mobility. Preoperative radiological evaluations, including assessments of joint space narrowing, osteophytes, varus/valgus deformities, and subchondral sclerosis, are essential for planning the surgery and predicting postoperative outcomes. Although extensive research has been conducted internationally, data focusing on populations in Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study investigates the association between preoperative radiological findings and postoperative outcomes, including pain, range of motion (ROM), and functional status, in a Saudi retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 523 patients who underwent TKA were included. Data were collected from medical records through the BESTCare system, focusing on patient demographics, preoperative and postoperative radiological findings, and surgical outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY), and the significance was determined at p < 0.05. Results The study population had a median age of 64 years, and 72% were female. Preoperative radiological findings included varus deformity (65.39%), joint space narrowing (47.61%), and osteophytes (31.17%). Postoperative outcomes showed 19% of patients reported pain, 85% regained normal ROM, and 74% returned to normal functional status. Significant associations were found between postoperative limited ROM and preoperative osteophytes (p = 0.021), subchondral sclerosis (p = 0.033), and osteopenia (p = 0.017). Subchondral sclerosis was also linked to postoperative functional impairment (p = 0.009). No significant association was observed between preoperative radiological findings and postoperative pain or thromboembolism. Conclusion Preoperative radiological markers, particularly osteophytes and subchondral sclerosis, were significant predictors of postoperative ROM and functional status in TKA patients. Identifying these markers can enhance preoperative planning, enable targeted rehabilitation strategies, and improve patient outcomes in the Saudi population. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore additional predictive factors.

Endoscopic Endonasal Approach for Calcified Sellar/Parasellar Region Pathologies: Report of 11 Pituitary Adenoma Cases

Calcification in pituitary adenomas is a rare occurence and its differential diagnosis typically includes other sellar masses.Common calcifications in pituitary adenomas are classified into two morphological forms: capsular(eggshell-like)and multiple small nodular calcifications located within the adenoma.Also,there is a pituitary stone term.This study aims to present the results of calcified pituitary adenoma case series who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach(EEA)and the clinical,histopathological characteristics and surgical outcomes of these cases. This study conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with calcified pituitary adenoma operated on by EEA between August 1997 and February 2024.The inclusion criteria were as follows:proven radiological calcification on pre-operative neuroimaging,intraoperative findings of calcification and definitive histopathological diagnosis of calcification.Among these patients,11 cases were included. The mean follow-up duration was 51.45±37.24 (6-118)months.Based on the pre-operative paranasal sinus computed tomography(CT)scans of patients,nine patients(81.8%)had intratumoral calcification,one(9.1%)had capsular(eggshell like)calcification and one(9.1%)had both intratumoral and capsular calcification.Moreover,stone-like calcifications were observed in four patients(36.4%),soft type calcifications in three(27.3%),hard-type calcifications in three(27.3%)and soft and hard-type calcifications in one(9%).Gross total resection(GTR)was achieved in nine patients(81.8%).Pathologic subtypes included non-functioning(n = 4),prolactin secreting(n = 3),growth hormone secreting adenoma(n = 2)and pituitary apoplexy(n = 2).Ten patients had psammomatous type calcifications and one had extensive ossification and osteoid metaplasia. Pre-operative radiological evaluation,intraoperative classification of calcification,and post-operative histopathological assessments are crucial in the treatment of calcified adenomas.Bases on these findings,the EEA,with its advantages,is an approach that can be effectively used in the management of these calcified adenomas.

Improved radiological imaging of congenital aural atresia using flat-panel volume CT.

Precise preoperative radiological evaluation of aural atresia is of utmost importance for surgical planning. Until now, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been used but it cannot adequately visualize small structures such as the stapes. Flat-panel volume CT (fpVCT) with its secondary reconstructions (fpVCTSECO) offers ahigh-resolution visualization of the middle ear. New otosurgical planning software also enables detailed 3D reconstruction of the middle ear anatomy. Evaluation of the use of fpVCTSECO in combination with an otosurgical planning software for amore accurate diagnosis and treatment of congenital aural atresia. Sevenpatients with congenital aural atresia underwent preoperative MSCT (600 µm slice thickness) and corresponding fpVCT (466 µm slice thickness). In addition, fpVCTSECO (99 µm slice thickness) were reconstructed. The Jahrsdoerfer and Siegert grading scores were determined and their applicability in the abovementioned imaging modalities was evaluated. In addition, the malleus incus complex was analyzed in 3D rendering. Imaging with fpVCTSECO enabled reliable visualization of the abnormalities, in particular the ossicular chain. Asignificant difference in the Siegert grading score was found. In addition, the malleus-incus complex could be visualized better in 3D. The introduction of new imaging techniques and surgical planning techniques into the diagnostic concept of aural atresia facilitates the identification of malformed anatomy and enables systematic analysis. This combination can also help to more accurately classify the pathology and thus increase the safety and success of the surgical procedure.

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst with intracranial extension and atretic sinus tract in an adult patient

Nasal dermoid sinus cyst (NDSC) is a rare congenital lesion due to cephalic neural tube defect. It may also have been seen in other parts of the body. NDSC constitutes 1–3% of all dermoid cysts and 11–12% of those in the head and neck. A NDSC is located in the median line of the nasofrontal region from the glabella to the columella. The differential diagnosis based on location includes epidermal inclusion cyst, glioma, meningomyelocele, meningoencephalocele, teratoma, teratoid cyst, thyroglossal duct cyst, branchial cleft cyst, and benign lymphadenopathy. Intracranial extension causes serious complications such as meningitis, osteomyelitis, abscess formation, hydrocephalus, seizures, and personality changes. All patients with NDSC should be considered to have a potential intracranial extension and should, therefore, undergo pre-operative radiological evaluation. Herein, the authors report an unusual adult patient with NDSC with intracranial extension.

Improved radiological imaging of congenital aural atresia using flat-panel volume CT. German version

Precise preoperative radiological evaluation of aural atresia is of utmost importance for surgical planning. Until now, multislice computed tomography (MSCT) has been used but it cannot adequately visualize small structures such as the stapes. Flat-panel volume CT (fpVCT) with its secondary reconstructions (fpVCTSECO) offers ahigh-resolution visualization of the middle ear. New otosurgical planning software also enables detailed 3D reconstruction of the middle ear anatomy. Evaluation of the use of fpVCTSECO in combination with an otosurgical planning software for amore accurate diagnosis and treatment of congenital aural atresia. Sevenpatients with congenital aural atresia underwent preoperative MSCT (600 µm slice thickness) and corresponding fpVCT (466 µm slice thickness). In addition, fpVCTSECO (99 µm slice thickness) were reconstructed. The Jahrsdoerfer and Siegert grading scores were determined and their applicability in the abovementioned imaging modalities was evaluated. In addition, the malleus incus complex was analyzed in 3D rendering. Imaging with fpVCTSECO enabled reliable visualization of the abnormalities, in particular the ossicular chain. Asignificant difference in the Siegert grading score was found. In addition, the malleus-incus complex could be visualized better in 3D. The introduction of new imaging techniques and surgical planning techniques into the diagnostic concept of aural atresia facilitates the identification of malformed anatomy and enables systematic analysis. This combination can also help to more accurately classify the pathology and thus increase the safety and success of the surgical procedure.

Can Radiological Imaging Accurately Predict the Length of the Ureteral Defect/Stricture Following Ureteral Injury?

The incidence of ureteral injury is increasing due to extensive application of the endourological procedures. In the present study, we evaluated the accuracy of imaging studies in predicting length of defect in patients with ureteral injury. We reviewed data of all consecutive patients who underwent endourological management for ureteral injury in our institution from Jan 2020 to Jan 2023, to assess the accuracy of radiological evaluations in determining the length of ureteral defect. We compared the radiological imaging results with intraoperative findings to determine its diagnostic accuracy. We report data on accuracy of preoperative imaging and outcomes of endourological management in 5 patients who presented with apparently long ureteral defects in preoperative radiological evaluations following ureteral injury. The mean age was 42[30.5-42.5]. three of five were male. The mean time from injury to ureteroscopic management was 12.5±7.5 days. The mean follow up time was 7.3±2.2 months. Our experience showed that radiological evaluations have the potential to overestimate the length of defect. Radiological evaluations following ureteral injury have the potential to overestimate the length of defect and therefore endoscopic evaluations and intraoperative imaging studies are necessary to accurately determine the length of defect and appropriate management. However, endourological management is safe and efficient in treating patients with short segment ureteral defect/injury.

Morphology of the lateral circumflex femoral artery in adult cadavers.

The lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is important for surgical approaches to the hip joint; its branches are often used as grafts and pedicled flaps. Our aim was to contribute to the literature by reporting variations. The LCFA branching pattern was studied in 26 lower limbs of formalin-fixed cadavers. It was recorded whether the LCFA originated from the femoral artery (FA) or the deep femoral artery (DFA). The distances of LCFA from the mid-inguinal point (MIP) and DFA; and the diameters of LCFA and its branches were measured with metric caliper. Side differences were analyzed by Wilcoxon test. The mean shortest distance from the LCFA to the MIP was 59.45 ± 13.06mm and to the DFA was 19.23 ± 9.63mm. The mean diameters of LCFA and its ascending, transverse, and descending branches were 5.82 ± 1.87mm, 3.28 ± 0.87mm, 3.02 ± 0.92mm, and 3.61 ± 0.98mm, respectively. The LCFA originated from 80.8% DFA and 19.2% FA. Data were evaluated jointly (p > 0.05). In one case, an accessory transverse branch was found. Spearman analysis shows that as the distance between the LCFA and the MIP increased, the diameter of the LCFA and its branches increased. Knowledge of the LCFA branching pattern is essential for interventional options in arterial grafts, such as bypass surgery, pedicled flaps, and surgical approaches to the hip joint. Preoperative radiologic evaluation for accurate knowledge of the topography of the branching pattern and vessel size can contribute to successful management of intraoperative blood loss and avoidance of iatrogenic injury.

Endoscopic resection of primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma with orbital invasion: How I do it

Primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive malignancy. In this video, a case of a 68-year-old female who presented with diplopia for 2 weeks is described. The present video reports the endoscopic endonasal surgical excision of a primary sinonasal mucosal melanoma. The video contains patient's medical history, preoperative radiological evaluations and step-by-step description of surgical steps of the procedure with the utilization of computer-assisted navigation system.

Management of Petrous Bone Cholesteatoma: The Gruppo Otologico Experience.

The term petrous bone cholesteatoma (PBC) refers to lesions extending deep to the bony labyrinth via superior, inferior, and posterior cell tracts. PBC is a rare incidence accounting for only 4-9% of petrous bone lesions. Lesions of petrous bone represent a real surgical challenge due to its complex relationship with critical neurovascular structures. To demonstrate our 40-plus years' experience in the management of PBC, depict the clinical features of PBC according to Sanna's Classification, evaluate the postoperative follow-up of surgically treated PBC patients, and determine the recurrence rate. Retrospective medical record review. Medical records of 298 PBC cases operated from the year 1983 to 2024 were thoroughly evaluated. A total of 298 PBC cases were surgically treated at our center. The average age at presentation in this series was 47 years. Males are more affected than females with a male-to-female ratio of 2.2:1. The most common presenting symptoms were hearing loss (84%), tinnitus (48%), and facial nerve paralysis (45%). Mixed hearing loss (41%) was the commonest audiometric pattern of hearing loss followed by conductive hearing loss (26%) and profound sensorineural hearing loss (4%) and a total of 86 (29%) had anacusis at presentation. On preoperative facial nerve function examination, 133(45%) of patients had various degrees of paresis and complete paralysis whereas 55% had normal HB-I function. The commonest degree of paresis noted was HB-III (18%) followed by HB-VI (5%). A total of 150 (50%) patients had previous otologic surgery and two-thirds of these cases had two or more prior otologic surgeries. According to Sanna's PBC Classification system, we identified that the supralabyrinthine class (44%) is the commonest of all classes followed by massive (33%), infralabyrinthine-apical (9%), infralabyrinthine(8%), and apical (5%) classes in that order. However, only ten patients had congenital type of PBC. Extension to clivus, sphenoid, nasopharynx, intradural space, and occipital condyle was found in 8, 2, 1, and 2 cases respectively. The most commonly used surgical approaches at our center were TO, MTCA with rerouting of the facial nerve, and TLAB with external auditory canal (EAC) closure. Postoperative complications were minimal and the duration of follow-up ranged from one to 458 months with a mean duration of 65 months. Residual lesions were evident in 11 cases (3.7%), with the surgical cavity, middle and posterior fossa dura, and jugular bulb being the commonest sites. Petrous bone cholesteatoma represents diagnostically and surgically challenging lesions of temporal bone which are usually frustrating to the treating surgeon. A high index of clinical suspicion, thorough clinical evaluation examination, and preoperative radiologic evaluation make the diagnosis easier. Preoperative anatomic classification of the lesion enables the physician to choose the appropriate surgical approach. Sanna's classification is widely used to classify PBC in relation to the labyrinthine block. Radical disease removal should always come before hearing preservation. Cavity obliteration is the solution to the problems related to a large cavity. Finally, advancements in lateral skull base approaches create adequate surgical access for the complete removal of the lesion with excellent control of critical neurovascular structures.

Endoscopic transcanal coblation excision of glomus tympanicum: a novel technique

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of coblation in excision of glomus tympanicum tumors.Patients and methodsA retrospective study carried out over 28 patients with types I and II glomus tympanicum tumors according to GLASSCOCK-JACKSON classification. Preoperative radiological and endocrinal evaluation were performed. All patients underwent endoscopic transcanal excision of their glomus tympanicum tumors using coblation.ResultsNone of the patients developed recurrence during the 1-year follow up period proved radiologically. None of the patients developed facial palsy postoperatively. Differences between preoperative and postoperative dizziness and taste disturbance were statistically non-significant. Tinnitus disappeared completely in 22 patients postoperatively. A statistically significant reduction in Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) after surgery was found. Statistically significant reductions in postoperative air conduction (AC) threshold and air bone gap (ABG) were recorded while bone conduction (BC) threshold showed statistically non-significant change.ConclusionCoblation is an effective and safe tool in excision of glomus tympanicum tumors. Further studies comparing coblation with laser and piezosurgery are strongly recommended.

A modified diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging–based model from the radiologist’s perspective: improved performance in determining the surgical resectability of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer

BackgroundComplete resection of all visible lesions during primary debulking surgery is associated with the most favorable prognosis in patients with advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. An accurate preoperative assessment of resectability is pivotal for tailored management. ObjectiveTo assess the potential value of a modified model that integrates the original eight radiological criteria of the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center model with imaging features of the subcapsular/diaphragm and mesenteric lesions depicted on diffusion-weighted MRI, and growth patterns of all lesions, for predicting the resectability of advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Study designThis study included 184 patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer who underwent preoperative diffusion-weighted MRI between December 2018 and May 2023 at two medical centers. The patient cohort was divided into three subsets: a study cohort (n=100), internal validation cohort (n=46), and external validation cohort (n=38). Preoperative radiological evaluations were independently conducted by two radiologists using both the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center model and the modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based model. The morphological characteristics of the ovarian tumors depicted on MRI were assessed as either mass-like or infiltrative, and transcriptomic analysis of the primary tumor samples was performed. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. ResultsIn the study cohort, both the scores derived using the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.980 and 0.959, respectively, both p < 0.001) and modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based models (intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.962 and 0.940, respectively, both p < 0.001) demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement. The Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center model (odds ratio = 1.825; 95% CI, 1.390–2.395; p < 0.001) and the modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based model (odds ratio = 1.776; 95% CI, 1.410–2.238; p < 0.001) independently predicted surgical resectability. The modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based model demonstrated improved predictive performance, with an area under the curve of 0.867 in the study cohort, and 0.806 and 0.913 in the internal and external validation cohorts, respectively. Using the modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based model, patients with scores of 0–2, 3–4, 5–6, 7–10, and ≥ 11 achieved complete tumor debulking rates of 90.3%, 66.7%, 53.3%, 11.8%, and 0%, respectively. Most patients with incomplete tumor debulking had infiltrative tumors, and both the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and the modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based models yielded higher scores. The molecular differences between the two morphological subtypes were identified. ConclusionCompared to the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center model, the modified diffusion-weighted MRI-based model demonstrated enhanced accuracy in the preoperative prediction of resectability for advanced high-grade serous ovarian cancer. Patients with scores of 0–6 were eligible for primary debulking surgery.

Correlation of CT Scan Response to Necrosis and Volume Changes With Histopathology in Children With Wilms' Tumor

BackgroundWilms’ tumor is the most common renal tumor in children. ObjectiveTo correlate the percentage of necrosis and tumor volume change found in preoperative Contrast Enhance Computed Tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen with post-operative histopathological findings of Wilms Tumor (WT). MethodsIn this prospective study from January 2020 to December 2022, out of 33 patients, 15 patients with unilateral localized WT (stage I, II, and III) treated according to SIOP UMBRELLA protocol 2016 were included. Bilateral, syndromic, and stage IV WT were excluded. The radiological response was measured in preoperative CECT by estimating the percentage of necrosis found in static images and compared with post-operative histopathological findings. Tumor volume changes were measured by comparing CECT at diagnosis and following chemotherapy. Tumor volume change was also compared with histology. ResultsThere was a significant positive correlation between radiological response to necrosis with histology as per Pearson correlation. Significant positive correlation also found between volume changes on pre and post chemotherapy CECT with histology as per Spearman correlation. ConclusionsThe changes in tumors during preoperative radiological evaluation and histologically confirmed necrosis are strongly related.

Effect of Donors' Biliary Variation on Postoperative Biliary Complications in Living Donor Liver Transplantation: A Single-Center Observational Study in Vietnam

Our study aims to evaluate the biliary anatomy variation according to the Varotti classification and its correlation with surgical outcomes for both donors and recipients undergoing living donor liver transplants (LDLTs). A retrospective analysis of 150 LDLT cases performed at a single center in Vietnam with preoperative radiologic evaluations and intraoperative surgical assessments to identify biliary variant anatomy. Postoperative biliary complications were documented and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed to determine any significant associations between biliary variations and post-transplant outcomes. One hundred fifty cases of LDLT at 108 Military Central Hospital from October 2017 to December 2022 were included in our study. Among the donors, the mean age was 30.89 ± 7.23, with male predominance (77.3%). The prevalence of type 1 biliary anatomy was 84.67%. Type 2, 3a, 3b, 4a, and 4b accounted for 5.33%, 2.67%, 5.33%, 0.67%, and 1.33% of cases, respectively. Donors' complications were witnessed in 7 cases (4.67%), and all needed intervention (Clavien-Dindo grade 3). Biliary complications were found in 36 (24.0%) recipients, with 22 (14.67%) cases of biliary stenosis and 16 (10.67%) cases of biliary leak, including 2 cases encountering both complications. Age, gender, graft type, preoperative liver function, biliary variant anatomy, number of graft orifices, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, and blood loss were not significant risk factors for recipients' biliary complications. Cold ischemia time significantly increased the biliary complication rate. This study shows that biliary variant anatomy is common in living liver donors. Such variations should not be a contraindication to liver donation. However, accurate pre- and intraoperative radiologic and surgical evaluations are fundamental for a careful reconstruction plan.

A retrospective cohort study on the significance of preoperative radiological evaluation of lumbar degenerative diseases for surgical reference.

Radiography has low radiation exposure and the ability to acquire information. Due to its cost-effectiveness and availability, preoperative radiographic imaging examination is considered to be a valuable method to evaluate the condition of patients with spinal disease. The aim of this cohort study is to analyze the impact of evaluating preoperative X-rays on the surgical management of lumbar degenerative diseases (LDD). We reviewed 49 patients with LDD underwent single-level posterior instrumented lumbar fusion (PILF) between November 2017 and October 2022 in this cohort study. The median iliac angle (MIA), iliac crest height, intervertebral facet joint degeneration, lumbosacral angle (LSA), L5/S1 intervertebral space angle (ISA), intervertebral foramen height (IFH) and intervertebral space height (ISH) were measured on preoperative radiographs. In addition, operative time, intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications were used to evaluate the surgical management. Correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between preoperative radiographic presentation and surgical managements. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for determination of risk factors for surgical management. Correlation analysis showed that the median iliac angle, height of iliac crest, lumbosacral angle and intervertebral facet joint degeneration were significantly correlated with surgical managements (P<0.05). Height of iliac crest, intervertebral facet joint degeneration and lumbosacral angle were positively correlated with surgical management. Meanwhile, MIA was negatively correlated with surgical management. No significant difference was found between the IFH, ISA, ISH and surgical managements in posterior lumbar surgery (P>0.05). After multiple linear regression analysis, height of iliac crest, median iliac angle and intervertebral facet joint degeneration were independent influence factors for the single-level lumbar surgical managements. Some variables measured in radiograph shows that height of iliac crest, median iliac angle and intervertebral facet joint degeneration have a potential influence on surgical managements. The lumbosacral angle was positively associated with surgical management, but it was not statistically significant in multiple linear regression analysis (P>0.05). The above measurements in plain film can reflect the surgical procedure and have some guiding implications for the operation.

Resective epilepsy surgery in a limited-resource settings: A cohort from a multi-disciplinary epilepsy team in a developing country.

Multidisciplinary pre-surgical evaluation is vital for epilepsy surgery decision and outcomes. Resective epilepsy surgery with assisted monitoring is currently a standard treatment for focal drug resistant epilepsy (DRE). In resource-limited countries, lack of epilepsy surgery center is a huge challenge. We presented and illustrated how to create a multidisciplinary protocol with resource-limited settings in a developing country and epilepsy surgery outcome using brain mapping and monitoring techniques for ensuring satisfactory resection. We created multicentric incomplete but complementary units covering all epilepsy-related sub-specialties and covering a wide geographical area in our country. Then, we conducted a prospective and multicentric study with low resource settings on patients with focal DRE, who underwent resective epilepsy surgery and were followed up for at least 12 months and were evaluated for postoperative seizure outcome and complications if present. Preoperative comprehensive clinical, neurophysiological, neuropsychological, and radiological evaluations were performed by multidisciplinary epilepsy team. Intraoperative brain mapping including awake craniotomy and direct stimulation techniques, neurophysiological monitoring, and electrocorticography was carried out during surgical resection. The study included 47 patients (18 females and 29 males) with mean age 20.4 ± 10.02 years. Twenty-two (46.8%) patients were temporal epilepsy while 25 (53.2%) were extra-temporal epilepsy. The epilepsy surgery outcome at the last follow up was Engel Class I (seizure free) in 35 (74.5%), Class II (almost seizure free) in 8 (17%), Class III (worthwhile improvement) in 3 (6.4%), and Class IV (no worthwhile improvement) in 1 patient (2.1%). With low resource settings and lack of single fully equipped epilepsy center, favorable outcomes after resective surgery in patients with focal DRE could be achieved using careful presurgical multidisciplinary selection, especially with using intraoperative brain mapping and electrocorticography techniques.

Persistent descending mesocolon as a vital risk factor for anastomotic failure and prolonged operative time for sigmoid colon and rectal cancers

BackgroundThe diagnostic criteria and effect of persistent descending mesocolon (PDM) on sigmoid and rectal cancers (SRCs) remain controversial. This study aims to clarify PDM patients' radiological features and short-term surgical results.MethodFrom January 2020 to December 2021, radiological imaging data from 845 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed using multiplanar reconstruction (MRP) and maximum intensity projection (MIP). PDM is defined as the condition wherein the right margin of the descending colon is located medially to the left renal hilum. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to minimize database bias. The anatomical features and surgical results of PDM patients were compared with those of non-PDM patients.ResultsThirty-two patients with PDM and 813 patients with non-PDM were enrolled into the study who underwent laparoscopic resection. After 1:4 matching, patients were stratified into PDM (n = 27) and non-PDM (n = 105) groups. The lengths from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) to the inferior mesenteric vein (1.6 cm vs. 2.5 cm, p = 0.001), IMA to marginal artery arch (2.7 cm vs. 8.4 cm, p = 0.001), and IMA to the colon (3.3 cm vs. 10.2 cm, p = 0.001) were significantly shorter in the PDM group than those in the non-PDM group. The conversion to open surgery (11.1% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.008), operative time (210 min vs. 163 min, p = 0.001), intraoperative blood loss (50 ml vs. 30 ml, p = 0.002), marginal arch injury (14.8% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.006), splenic flexure free (22.2% vs. 3.8%, p = 0.005), Hartmann procedure (18.5% vs. 0.0%, p < 0.001) and anastomosis failure (18.5% vs. 0.9%, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the PDM group. Moreover, PDM was an independent risk factor for prolonged operative time (OR = 3.205, p = 0.004) and anastomotic failure (OR = 7.601, p = 0.003).ConclusionPDM was an independent risk factor for prolonged operative time and anastomotic failure in SRCs surgery. Preoperative radiological evaluation using MRP and MIP can help surgeons better handle this rare congenital variant.

Clinical presentation and management modalities of gallbladder cancer in Sudan: A single-center study.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare and highly aggressive malignancy characterized by late presentation of nonspecific symptoms, poor curability, and high mortality. The gold standard for effective treatment depends on early detection and surgical excision. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the patterns of clinical presentation and management modalities to reach excellent practice. A retrospective study was conducted during the period from May 2021 to April 2022 at Ibn Sina specialized hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, on 50 patients with GBC who underwent a preoperative clinical and radiological evaluation to enable the use of appropriate surgical and oncological approaches. GBC was more prevalent in females in this series where all had GBC (68%), in the ratio 2:1. Distribution of patients according to age ranged between 61 and 75 years, representing 44% of patients. Abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting were present in 40% of patients. Fifty-six percent of patients resided in urban areas. Transabdominal ultrasound (TUS) with CT scan diagnosed GBC in 54% of patients. GBC was metastatic (stage IV) in 52% of patients. Based on preoperative decision by a multidisciplinary team (MDT), 62% of patients had palliative nonsurgical oncological treatment. Histopathological analysis of the resected GBC showed adenocarcinoma in 74% of cases. The inoperable patients (42%) were treated palliativelly with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/systemic chemotherapy. Finally, the overall mortality rate was 56%. Accurate early clinical diagnosis and advanced radiological modalities with curative surgical approaches including clear surgical resection margins and systemic oncological therapies will potentially help in improving GBC survival outcomes.