Preoperative Diagnostic Methods Research Articles

Evaluation of preoperative diagnostic methods for resectable pancreatic cancer: a diagnostic capability and impact on the prognosis of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration

BackgroundA pathological diagnosis of pancreatic cancer should be performed as much as possible to determine the appropriate treatment strategy, but priorities and algorithms for diagnostic methods have not yet been established. In recent years, the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has become the primary method of collecting tissues from pancreatic disease, but the effect of EUS-FNA on surgical results and prognosis has not been clarified.AimsTo evaluate the diagnostic ability of EUS-FNA and its effect on the preoperative diagnosis, surgical outcome, and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.MethodsBetween January 2005 and June 2017, 293 patients who underwent surgical resection for pancreatic cancer were retrospectively evaluated. The outcomes of interest were the diagnostic ability of EUS-FNA and its influence on the surgical results and prognosis.ResultsThe diagnostic sensitivity of EUS-FNA was 94.4%, which was significantly higher than that of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) (45.5%) (p < 0.001). The adverse event rate in ERCP was 10.2%, which was significantly higher than EUS-FNA (1.3%) (p = 0.001). Patients were divided into FNA group (N = 160) and non-FNA group (N = 133) for each preoperative diagnostic method. In the study of surgical curability R0 between the two groups, there was no significant difference in FNA group (65.0% [104/160]) and non-FNA group (64.7% [86/133], p = 1.000). In the prognostic study, 256 patients with curative R0 or R1 had a recurrence rate was 54.3% (70/129) in the FNA group and 57.4% (73/127) in the non-FNA group. Moreover peritoneal dissemination occurred in 34.3% (24/70) in the FNA group and in 21.9% (16/73) in the non-FNA group, neither of which showed a significant difference. The median survival times of the FNA and non-FNA groups were 955 days and 799 days, respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (log-rank p = 0.735). In the Cox proportional hazards model, factors influencing prognosis, staging, curability, and adjuvant chemotherapy were the dominant factors, but the preoperative diagnostic method (EUS-FNA) itself was not.ConclusionsEUS-FNA is a safe procedure with a high diagnostic ability for the preoperative examination of pancreatic cancer. It was considered the first choice without the influence of surgical curability, postoperative recurrence, peritoneal dissemination and prognosis.

Рreoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology by methods of radiological diagnostics

Introduction.Recently, surgeons have been using minimally invasive methods to treat parathyroid gland pathology. More selective surgical approaches are based on the accuracy of preoperative diagnostic methods. Various radiological diagnostic techniques are used to visualize parathyroid gland pathology. New modalities are entering clinical practice along with long-known techniques. The attending physician should be guided by the most clinically effective and economically reasonable algorithm when choosing diagnostic algorithm.The aim of the studywas to find the optimal diagnostic protocol for preoperative diagnosis of parathyroid gland pathology on the basis of available data.Conclusion.Preoperative imaging of parathyroid glands continues to evolve with changes of old techniques and appearance of new ones, though none of modalities has a clear advantage. The choice of imaging algorithm is largely based on the availability of techniques and the experience of particular diagnostic centers. Ultrasound and planar scintigraphy are well established and most widely used. The combination of these techniques remains the first line of diagnosis in preoperative imaging. However, there is no consensus on the choice between planar scintigraphy tech niques: the washout method or the subtraction method. Replacing planar scintigraphy with SPECT/CT improves the detectability of pathological masses and clarifies their topographic location. Computed tomography and MRI techniques are used as a second-line technique and have an advantage in small adenoma sizes, multiple lesions, ectopias, reoperations, and in case of ambiguous ultrasound and scintigraphy data. The significance of PET/CT in the diagnosis of thyroid pathology has not yet been defined, the data are still scarce and published studies are very heterogeneous, but due to the excellent diagnostic characteristics the method seems very promising, in particular in patients with persistent disease.

Clinical and morphological factors that increase the risk of locoregional metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer

Background. The sensitivity of the ultrasound method to determine lymph node metastases of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) to the central lymphatic collector of the neck at the preoperative stage is low, 49 % only, therefore assessment of the factors leading to the prolongation of the process is of great importance in the development of surgical treatment tactics.Aim — to evaluate factors that increase the risk of locoregional metastases of papillary thyroid cancer and substantiate the advisability of systematic central neck dissection (SCND).Materials and methods. A retro-prospective single center study of the risk of PTC prolongation in the form of locoregional metastases (LRM) was carried out. The data of 514 patients operated for papillary thyroid disease were processed. The main group included 240 patients in whom LRM was found according to the results of histopathological examination (HPE), control group consisted of 274 patients without LRMsigns. The following signs were taken into account: multifocal lesions of the thyroid gland, the patients’age, gender, presence of thyroiditis, the size of the dominant tumor, invasion of adipose tissue. In order to substantiate the expediency of the SCND, retrospective processing of the data of 514 patients, operated from 2018 to 2020, was carried out for PTC, in which the presence of metastases was not cytologically confirmed at the preoperative stage (cN0).Results. The mean age of patients of the main group was lower than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The median size of the primary tumor in patients of the main group was significantly higher than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001). The men portion in the main group was significantly higher than in the control group, and the part of women vice versa (p &lt; 0.05). Invasion of the tumor into the adipose tissue in the main group occurred almost twice as often (p &lt; 0.01). The number of patients with multifocal lesions in both groups was practically the same and did not differ statistically (p &gt; 0.05). Ipsilateral and contralateral localization of tumors in both groups did not differ significantly (p &gt; 0.05). The presence of thyroiditis in the control group was higher than in the main group (p &lt; 0.05). The diagnostic efficiency (DE) of accounting for the factor of invasion into adipose tissue was 64.8 %, tumor size over 1.3 cm — 66.7 %, age up to 47 years — 60.0 %. The frequency of detecting metastases with cN0 at the preoperative stage, according to HPE results, was 25.8 %.Conclusions. The reliability of preoperative imaging and diagnostic methods does not allow to ignore the likelihood of LRM and not perform SCND. According to the obtained data, in 25.8 % of casesmetastases were verified based on HPE owing to thesystematic central neck dissection. Male gender (p &lt; 0.01), age of patients (p &lt; 0.001), size of primary tumor (p &lt; 0.001), invasion of adipose tissue (p &lt; 0.01) can serve as predictors of the increased LRMPTC risk. The presence of invasion of adipose tissue (diagnostic efficacy 64.8 %), tumor size more than 1.3 cm (66.7 % DE) and age &lt; 47 (60.0 % DE) increased the risk of LRMPTC. The presence of thyroiditis (the frequency of thyroiditis exposure in control group was higher than in the main group (p &lt; 0.05)), contralateral lesions of the thyroid gland (p &gt; 0.05), multifocal lesions (p &gt; 0.05) cannot serve as reliable prognostic factors for the increased LRMrisk.

Assessment of the patency of the left portal vein during mesoportal shunting in children with extrahepatic portal hypertension

BACKGROUND: One of the most common causes of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children is portal vein thrombosis. The causes of this disease are different and, in most cases, remain unrecognized. Along with this, the mesoportal shunt (Rex shunt) proved itself and today is considered the gold standard to treat extrahepatic portal hypertension in children. The restoration of hepatopetal blood flow eliminates gastroesophageal bleeding, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, and many other complications. For the results of mesoportal shunt to be successful, several conditions must be met, one of which is the patency of the umbilical portion of the left portal vein. Despite the importance of preoperative diagnostics of the patency of this area, the most optimal instrumental research method has not yet been found.&#x0D; AIM: This literature review aims to highlight the main issues of extrahepatic portal hypertension etiopathogenesis, surgical treatment methods, and the most effective preoperative diagnostic methods to assess the patency of the left portal vein.&#x0D; RESULTS: The authors analyzed the sources of domestic and foreign literature on the etiology, pathogenesis of HSV in children, and laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods to assess the patency of the PVI to plan the mesoportal shunting operation.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: Extrahepatic portal hypertension is a polyetiological disease with a possible hereditary predisposition to a thrombotic process under the influence of various triggers. The most common causes of portal vein thrombosis are omphalitis and umbilical vein catheterization in the neonatal period. Unfortunately, to date, none of the existing instrumental diagnostic methods can reliably answer the question about left portal vein patency. Due to the small number of works, the lack of a unified view on the problem of preoperative diagnosis of patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension, we could not reliably determine the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of each instrumental method. Therefore, we could not identify the gold standard method. Nevertheless, with further improvement of the methods for preoperative assessment of the left portal vein patency, surgeons will be more likely to predict the successful outcome of mesoportal shunting, which will generally affect the surgical treatment quality of extrahepatic portal hypertension in children.

Omental dermoid mimicking as an adnexal mass

Dermoid cysts are one of the most frequently occurring ovarian tumor; parasitic dermoids however are extremely rare. Most of the omental teratomas appear to have developed from self-amputation of cysts in the ovary followed by their re-implantation into the omentum. Omental teratomas can be located in the pelvis and mimic as an adnexal mass. Preoperative diagnostic imaging methods may not provide adequate information. We present here a case of menopausal female who presented with pain abdomen and preoperative evaluation suggested an adnexal mass. However, when surgery was performed, there was no adnexal pathology; however, there was an omental dermoid. Thus, gynecologists should always keep in mind the possibility of intraabdominal ovarian teratomas in the differential diagnosis of suspicious adnexal masses during surgery. The awareness among the surgeons of such masses may help prevent misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.

Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of endometrial stromal sarcoma and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma

To review the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures of patients diagnosed with Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS) and Undifferentiated Uterine Sarcoma (USS) at our institution and investigate their clinical outcomes and factors affecting prognosis. We retrospectively collected demographic data, preoperative diagnostic methods and therapeutic management of patients treated for ESS and UUS between January 1995 and December 2019 at Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Spain. Overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated. Cox proportional-hazards regression models were calculated. Sixty-three patients were included in the study, of which 51(81%) had a diagnosis of ESS and 12(19%) of UUS. Twenty patients (31.7%) were diagnosed after a previous non-oncologic surgery, and 12 of them (60%) suffered from tumor disruption. Cytoreductive procedures were needed in 29 patients (46%), and optimal cytoreductionwas achieved in 80.9% of the patients. The median follow-up was 7.6years (IQR = 0.99-14.31). Five-year overall survival was 57.6% (44.2-68.8) and was significantly better for low-grade ESS (LG-ESS) patients (p < 0.01). Five-year disease-free survival was 57.1% (42.8-69.1) and was also significantly higher in LG-ESS cohort (p = 0.03). After multivariate analysis histological type, age, FIGO stage, optimal surgery and mitotic index were found significantly correlated with survival. For high-grade EES (HG-ESS) and USS patients adjuvant radiotherapy also correlated with improved survival. Overall survival and disease-free survival are significantly better in patients with LG-ESS cohort. HG-ESS and UUS show similar survival outcomes. Age, FIGO stage, optimal surgery and histological type were significantly correlated with survival in the global cohort, whilst adjuvant radiotherapy correlated with improved survival in HG-ESSand UUS patients.

Elective neck dissection in patients with salivary gland carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Elective neck dissection in patients with salivary gland carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes is controversial. Reported proportion of occult nodal metastases vary with histological subtype, tumour classification and preoperative diagnostic methods. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis on the role of END in salivary gland carcinoma. A search in PubMed, Embase and Cochrane was performed. Original articles in English with data on tumour characteristics, clinical and pathological N-classification, and neck dissection were included. Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses were followed. Random effect modelling was performed to pool the data. Meta-analysis of proportions was performed for occult metastases overall, for T3/T4 versus T1/T2 tumours and for tumours with high-grade versus low-grade histology. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed with I-squared statistics. We included 22 articles in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. The pooled proportion of occult metastases was 21%. In patients with T3/T4 tumour, the pooled proportion of occult metastases was 36%, and in patients with high-grade histology, it was 34%. Most studies concluded that END should be performed in patients with advanced T-classification and high-grade histology tumours. Nine studies assessed occult metastases per level. The overall occult metastases proportion does not require END in all patients with salivary gland carcinoma. We recommend END in patients with high-grade or unknown histology or T3/T4 tumours. END should involve level II and III, and level I should be included in tumours in the submandibular gland, sublingual gland and minor oral salivary glands.

Mass Spectrometry Imaging Enables Discrimination of Renal Oncocytoma from Renal Cell Cancer Subtypes and Normal Kidney Tissues

Precise diagnosis and subtyping of kidney tumors are imperative to optimize and personalize treatment decision for patients. Patients with the most common benign renal tumor, renal oncocytomas, may be overtreated with surgical resection because of limited preoperative diagnostic methods that can accurately identify the benign condition with certainty. In this study, desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)-mass spectrometry (MS) imaging was applied to study the metabolic and lipid profiles of various types of renal tissues, including normal kidney, renal oncocytoma, and renal cell carcinomas (RCC). A total of 73,992 mass spectra from 71 patient samples were obtained and used to build predictive models using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso). Overall accuracies of 99.47% per pixel and 100% per patient for prediction of the three tissue types were achieved. In particular, renal oncocytoma and chromophobe RCC, which present the most significant morphologic overlap and are sometimes indistinguishable using histology alone, were also investigated and the predictive models built yielded 100% accuracy in discriminating these tumor types. Discrimination of three subtypes of RCC was also achieved on the basis of DESI-MS imaging data. Importantly, several small metabolites and lipids species were identified as characteristic of individual tissue types and chemically characterized using tandem MS and high mass accuracy measurements. Collectively, our study shows that the metabolic data acquired by DESI-MS imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and thus has the potential to be used in the clinical setting to improve treatment of patients with kidney tumor. SIGNIFICANCE: Metabolic data acquired by mass spectrometry imaging in conjunction with statistical modeling allows discrimination of renal tumors and has the potential to be used in the clinic to improve treatment of patients.

Methastatic N2 in T1 Non-small cell lug cancer: Should we go back to invasive staging?

Aim: T1 patients who were operated due to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)were evaluated retrospectively. The objective of this study was to evaluate metastatic lymph node status in T1 tumors and to discuss staging approaches in these tumors.Material and Methods: A total of 217 patients who met specified criteria between May 2012 and May 2019 were included in the study. Patients operated due to NSCLC who have a tumor size 3 cm were evaluated in terms of age, gender, preoperative diagnostic methods, thorax CT and PET-CT examinations, size, anatomic localization and histopathologic type of tumors, excised mediastinal lymph nodes and pathology results.Results: Of total 292 lymph node stations sampled in patients with adenocarcinoma, 257 (89.73%) were reported as benign and 30 (10.27) as malignant according to pathologic results. Of total 316 lymph node stations sampled in patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 298 (94.3%) were benign and 18 (5.7%) were malignant.N2 positivity was found in 40 (18.43%) of the 217 patients.Conclusion: Mediastinoscopy should be performed for staging in the presence of a tumor size above 2 cm, histopathological type of adenocarcinoma, high mass SUVmax values, lymph node with radiological growth and pathological involvement.

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Literature Review

Backgroung: Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (CAIS) has been reported since 1923, but in 1953 it became known as “testicular feminization”. It is a rare recessive genetic disorder linked to the X chromosome that results in different mutations in the androgen receptor. The main clinical presentation in childhood is the presence of bilateral inguinal hernia in phenotypically female subjects. Incidence of androgen insensitivity syndrome in phenotypically females with inguinal hernia is estimated in 0.8% to 2.4%. This is a case report of complete androgen insensitivity syndrome and literature review of preoperative diagnostic methods. Case Summary: We present a 3 years and 6 months old child with female phenotype, born in São Paulo, Brazil which was diagnosed intraoperatively with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome, during inguinal hernia repair and present potential diagnostic alternatives that we consider viable options in order to avoid this kind of surprise during surgery. Conclusion: Investigation of CAIS should be standard in prepubertal girls with bilateral inguinal hernia, genetic techniques involving X chromatin or Y chromosome tests present the best choices.

3D-технологии в планировании и навигации лапароскопических операций пациентов с конкрементами почек и мочеточника

to evaluate the possibilities and efficiency of using 3D technologies for the laparoscopic interventions in patients with renal and ureteric stones. A retrospective analysis of the results of surgical treatment of patients with renal and ureteric stones performed in the urology clinic of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of Minzdrav of Russia for the period from January 2012 to December 2017 was carried out. During this period a total of 4958 interventions were done. Among them, 98 laparoscopic (1.97%) surgeries were performed, including nephron-sparing interventions (n=47; 48%), pyelolithotomy (n=15; 15.3%), ureterolithotomy (n=32; 32.65%) and partial nephrectomy (n=4; 4.05 %). The average patients age was 55.76+/-10.5 (29-80) years. There were 51 men (52%) and 47 women (48%). The mean stone density was 1237.6+/-354.6 HU (from 500 to 1913 HU). In 14 (22.9%) cases, nephrostomy tube or ureteric stent had been put before surgery. In addition, 40 (40.8%) patients previously underwent one surgical intervention on the kidneys and 17 patients with urinary stone disease (17.3%) underwent surgery more or equal 2 times. 88 (89.8%) patients had severe concomitant diseases and the most common pathology in 51 (52.0%) patients with urinary stone disease was arterial hypertension. In 11 (11.2%) cases, the interventions were performed in patients with abnormal kidneys, including horseshoe kidney (n=6; 6.1%), duplicated collecting system (n=3; 3.1%) and pelvic kidney (n=2; 2%). In addition to standard preoperative diagnostic methods in 22 cases (22.4%) the 3D-planning and multivariate virtual performing of intervention based on the multidetector computer tomography scan was done using Amira 3D-modeling program. Among these patients, virtual interventions were performed prior to all pyelolithotomy and partial nephrectomy. Intraoperative data of virtual constructions were used by surgeons as navigation. The interventions were performed by seven urologists at the clinic with various experience in laparoscopic surgery. The mean duration of laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and laparoscopic nephrectomy was 183.2+/-69.6, 201.3+/-35.2 min, 97.6+/-43.7 and 165.4+/-92.3 min, respectively. The minimal blood loss was observed during laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (53.33+/-31.2 ml). During these interventions, in 8 cases (8.16%) a flexible endoscope was used for inspection and complete removal of stones. Intraoperative complications were noted in 6 patients (6.1%). There were 4 conversions to open surgery (4.1%). Postoperative surgical complications were observed in 1 (1%) patient, while non-surgical complications developed in 4 patients (4.1%). There was no mortality. Laparoscopic access for the treatment of patients with urinary stone disease should be used for the treatment of patients with large, long-standing ureteral calculi and patients with kidney stones who have concomitant pathology of kidney or upper urinary tract (UPJ obstruction, kidney tumors) requiring surgical intervention. Laparoscopic access should be considered primarily for the planning of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy and laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with urinary stone disease. The use of 3D computer-assisted technologies is advisable for patients with urinary stone disease and abnormal kidneys if laparoscopic pyelolithotomy, partial nephrectomy or ureterolithotomy is planned.

Persistent Descending Mesocolon as a Risk Factor of Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: A Single Institution Experience

The objectives of this study are to clarify the significance of persistent descending mesocolon (PDM), a kind of intestinal malrotation, in laparoscopic colorectal surgery and present potentially useful preoperative diagnostic methods for PDM. Although several risk factors for laparoscopic colorectal surgery have been convincingly reported, the impact of PDM on laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer remains less studied. This was an observational study with a retrospective analysis. A consecutive 110 patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer were included. To identify risk factors for operative time of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer, we examined age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists Performance Status score, tumor location, depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and PDM as potential risk factors. For identification of appropriate preoperative diagnostic imaging, we reviewed three-dimensional vessel images reconstructed from computed tomographic slice data of all patients. During the study period, no effective pre- or intraoperative diagnoses of PDM were achieved. A total of 4 patients were diagnosed with PDM. Sex (P = 0.0032); tumor location (P = 0.0044); lymph node metastasis (P = 0.022); and PDM (P = 0.0007) were identified as risk factors based on multivariate analysis. A ventrally branched left colic artery visualized by three-dimensional imaging appeared to be a highly specific feature of PDM. Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with PDM was difficult without the recognition of PDM. PDM was well-defined preoperatively using three-dimensional vessels images reconstructed from computed tomographic slice data.

Differentiation of gallbladder adenomyomatosis from early-stage gallbladder cancer before surgery.

Backgrounds/AimsThis study aimed to compare the perioperative and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder adenomyomatosis (GBA) or early-stage gallbladder cancer (GBC).MethodsThe perioperative and clinical outcomes of 194 patients diagnosed with GBA and 30 patients diagnosed with GBC who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our institution from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively compared.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the GBA and GBC groups in sex (male:female ratio 1.0:0.8 vs. 1.0:0.7, p=0.734), BMI (23.9±3.4 vs. 24.0±3.8 kg/m2, p=0.916), or preoperative liver function tests. Patients in the GBC group were significantly older (50.5±14.1 vs. 65.9±10.6 years, p<0.001) and had a higher ASA grade (40.3 vs. 63.4% grade II or III, p=0.043) than patients in the GBA group. Although there was no significant difference in preoperative diagnostic methods (p=0.442), the GBC group showed a significantly higher rate of misdiagnosis on preoperative imaging compared with postoperative histopathologic findings (30.9% vs. 53.3%, p=0.011). There were significantly more patients with gallstones in the GBA group than in the GBC group (68.6% vs. 40.0%, p=0.004).ConclusionsIn older patients hospitalized for biliary colic without gallstones but with a thickened gallbladder wall with inflammation on preoperative diagnostic exam, the possibility of early-stage GBC should be considered.

The Accuracy of ACR TI-RADS Classification of Neck Ultrasound as a First-Line Diagnostic Approach for Thyroid Neoplasms in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study

Background.Ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in diagnosing the pathological nature of undetermined thyroid nodules. However, in some instances limitations and shortcomings arise, making it insufficient for determining a specific diagnosis.Objective.Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACR TI-RADS classification of neck ultrasound as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasms in pediatric patients.Methods.A retrospective analysis was made of FNA and US protocols in 70 patients who underwent the examination and treatment at Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center between January 2012 and August 2017. In the retrospective series 70% (49/70) of patients undergone FNA and 43% (30/70) of them undergone repeated FNA. All US protocols were interpreted according to ACR TI-RADS system by the two independent experts. The clinical judgment was assessed using the concordance test and the reliability of preoperative diagnostic methods was analized.Results.According to histologic examination protocols, benign nodules reported greater multimorbidity 29% (20/70), compared with thyroid cancer 17% (12/70), complicating FNA procedure. A statistically significant predictor of thyroid cancer with a tumor size ACR TI-RADS showed a significant advantage of ACR TI-RADS due to higher sensitivity (97.6 vs 60%), specificity (78.6 vs 53.8%), positive predictive value (87.2 vs 71.4%), and negative predictive value (95.7 vs 41.2%). Concordance on the interpreted US protocols according to ACR TI-RADS classification between two experts was high, excluding accidental coincidence.Conclusion.The data support the feasibility of US corresponding to the ACR TI-RADS classification as a first-line diagnostic approach for thyroid neoplasm reducing the number of unnecessary biopsies for thyroid nodules.

Preoperative PCR analysis of synovial fluid has limited value for the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infections of total knee arthroplasties.

Preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is important because of the therapeutic consequences. This prospective study was designed to answer the question, if preoperative PCR analysis of the synovial fluid in addition to the culture and the CRP analysis of the blood are helpful for the diagnosis of PJI in knee arthroplasties. Before revision CRP analysis of the blood, cultivation and PCR analysis of synovial fluid of 116 knee endoprostheses were performed. During revision surgery, five tissue samples of the periprosthetic tissue were cultured and five further samples subjected to histological analysis. These analyses of the periprosthetic tissue were used to verify the results of the preoperative diagnostic methods. Twenty-seven prostheses were identified as infected (prevalence 23.3%). The combined analyses of the joint fluid cultivation and the CRP blood level resulted in a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 95.5%, a positive-predictive value of 84.0%, a negative-predictive value of 93.4% and an accuracy of 91.4%. The PCR analysis of the synovial fluid resulted in a sensitivity of 55.6%, a specificity of 82.0%, a positive-predictive value of 48.4%, a negative-predictive value of 85.9% and an accuracy of 75.9%. The sensitivity for culture of the aspirate and PCR analysis in combination with an elevated CRP level was 85.2%, the specificity 82.0%, the positive-predictive value 58.9%, the negative-predictive value 94.8% and the accuracy 82.7%. The preoperative PCR analysis of synovial fluid has only limited value in addition to the standard culture analysis.

The Value of Hybrid Angio-CT in Preoperative Detection and Localization of Insulinomas: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

To investigate the performance of hybrid angio-CT in preoperative detection and localization for insulinomas. Fifty-four postoperative pathology-confirmed patients from April 2015 to March 2017 were retrospectively reviewed; all patients underwent angio-CT with administration of contrast media in SMA, GDA and SA due to negative, inconclusive or controversial findings by several preoperative diagnostic methods including TAUS, CEUS, EUS, ECT, EMRI and DSA. Surgery was used as gold standard for localization of insulinomas; detection sensitivity and localization accuracy of angio-CT were assessed and compared with other preoperative image options. Fifty-six benign insulinomas (mean diameter, 15.8mm) in 54 patients (18 men and 36 women) were found according to surgical results; the overall detection sensitivity of TAUS, CEUS, EUS, ECT, EMRI and DSA was 21.4, 78.4, 79.2, 70.0, 79.2 and 72.2%, respectively. The overall localization accuracy was 14.3, 58.8, 68.8, 60.0, 75.0 and 44.4%, respectively. A total of 53 tumors were detected by angio-CT, 51 tumors were accurately located, and the overall detection sensitivity and localization accuracy of angio-CT was 94.4 and 90.7%, which was significantly higher than that of all other preoperative diagnostic methods (p<0.05). No any serious complications occurred during angio-CT. Our study indicates the great potential value of angio-CT in the preoperative detection and localization of insulinomas; angio-CT can be used as a preferred invasive diagnostic method.

Lipoma of parotid: a case report

Lipomas are common benign soft tissue neoplasm, but they seldom occur in head and neck regions compared to other sites. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) accompanied with Computed tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) determines its diagnosis preoperatively. In symptomatic cases, surgery remains the treatment of choice but requires an experienced surgeon because of possible damage to the facial nerve and its branches. The authors have discussed a rare case of lipoma, involving the deep and superficial lobe of parotid of a 42-year-old female patient with emphasis on its characteristics, preoperative diagnostic methods and its surgery. This case report shows MRI’s to be potent diagnostic tool for Lipoma of the parotid, by means of which a surgical procedure could be planned while maintaining function and aesthetics.

Efficacy of ultrasound, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging in detecting breast implant rupture: A retrospective study of 175 reconstructive and aesthetic sub-pectoral breast augmentation cases

To date, the effectiveness of radiological imaging in detecting silicone breast implant rupture is uncertain. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness of radiological imaging when diagnosing a rupture. In this study, 175 patients with 242 breast implants were included, of which 168 and 74 implants were used for breast reconstruction and aesthetic augmentation, respectively. All patients who underwent revision surgery, between January 2015 and June 2016, following breast augmentation or reconstruction were included, regardless of any pre-operative diagnosis of rupture that had been made. The diagnosis of intracapsular rupture was verified intraoperatively and compared to the pre-operative findings. With regard to pre-operative diagnostic imaging methods, we compared magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography, and ultrasonography (US) findings. Among the 242 implants that were explanted, 35 clinical ruptures were confirmed and compared with the related radiological findings. We reported 22 false positives and 15 false negatives. US was the least specific and least accurate method because of its lowest positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Mammography was the most specific and most accurate method, with the highest PPV (96%). Surprisingly, MRI was the most sensitive; however, it was neither the most specific nor the most accurate method despite having the highest NPV (98%). After comparing these three radiological techniques, we conclude that US along with MRI can be useful for young patients. Mammography, which was characterised by high specificity and accuracy, could be useful along with MRI in investigating patients over the age of 40.

Analysis of pattern of occurrence of thyroid carcinoma between 2001 and 2010

IntroductionAn ongoing discussion is found in medical literature about the reasons for changes in thyroid carcinoma incidence patterns over the last decades. ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical and pathological characteristics of thyroid carcinoma cases over a decade. MethodsCross-sectional study over an historical cohort. Medical records of 628 thyroid cancer cases in a single center were reviewed. 597 patients were included. Microcarcinoma cases were selected for a qualitative analysis phase, in which medical records were reviewed for better understanding of thyroid nodule and thyroid cancer diagnosis process. ResultsAn increase in the proportion of cases with thyroid cancer diagnosis was observed throughout the decade; new cases were predominantly tumors of less than 2cm, with histopathological signs of low aggressiveness. There was an increase in proportion of cases with malignant cytological results among microcarcinomas. ConclusionThere is a trend for increase in thyroidectomies due to cancer in this institution, with proportional increment of cases with histopathological characteristics indicative of early disease. Among microcarcinomas, there is an increasing group represented by cancer cases that were not incidentally diagnosed, related to an enhancement in preoperative diagnostic methods.

Preoperative Diagnostic Methods and Surgical Results for Strangulated Obstruction

Preoperative Diagnostic Methods and Surgical Results for Strangulated Obstruction