Symptoms Of Premenstrual Syndrome Research Articles

The Relationship of Academic Stress and Body Mass Index (BMI) with Premenstrual Syndrome in Class 9 Students of SMPN 1 Sumberpucung

Menstruation is bleeding that repeats every month and indicates that the female reproductive organs are ready to be fertilized. In the menstrual cycle, changes in hormone levels will occur when a young woman will experience menstruation. This can affect changes in the physical and emotional conditions of adolescent girls before menstruation, which is commonly referred to as premenstrual syndrome (Ministry of Women and Children Empowerment of the Republic of Indonesia, 2015). The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Indonesia is 70-90% in women of childbearing age and it is found that 2-10% are experiencing severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (Sari and Priyanto, 2018). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between academic stress and body mass index (BMI) with premenstrual syndrome in 9th grade students of SMPN 1 SUMBERPUCUNG. This type of research is a correlation design that uses a cross sectional approach. A sample of 31 9th grade students were selected using a total sampling technique. In research using Spearman Rank data analysis, there is a relationship between academic stress and premenstrual syndrome which results in value < (0.002 < 0.05). Meanwhile, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and premenstrual syndrome produces a value of value < (0.015 < 0.05). based on the results of this study, students should be able to manage and control their emotions so that stress does not occur and always maintain a pattern eat to stay at a normal BMI.

FeMFit: Feasibility of tracking the menstrual cycle using digital questionnaires and wearable devices

Abstract Introduction Despite its importance to female reproductive health and its impact on women's daily lives, the menstrual cycle and its effects on health remain poorly studied. Conventional clinical trials rely on infrequent in-person assessments. The aim of this study was to explore the technical feasibility of collecting longitudinal wearable and digital questionnaire data and its potential for gaining biological insights on the menstrual cycle. Methods This prospective observational cohort study was conducted online over twelve weeks using a digital study app and Fitbit inspire 2 devices. 42 individuals were recruited by their gynecologist in a practice in Berlin, Germany. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics of user behavior and retention and comparative analyses of symptoms and sensor metrics at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Results We collected data of 114 ovulatory cycles from 33 participants, with nine out of 42 individuals dropping out within two weeks of study start. Participants reported a total of 2,468 symptoms during the luteal phase and menses. Despite difficulties with data completeness due to retention problems and drop-outs, the combined questionnaire and sensor data collection was technically feasible and produced interesting biological insights. Preliminary analysis of questionnaire and wearable data showed an increased heart rate in the mid and end luteal phase compared to menses and lower step count (mean 10,283 ±6,277) with strong symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS, no/low PMS 11,694 ±6,458). Conclusions We demonstrate the feasibility of using an app-based approach for collecting combined wearable and questionnaire data on menstrual cycles. Dropouts showed that engagement efforts would need to be improved for larger studies. Despite the challenges faced in collecting wearable data on consecutive days, the collected data provided valuable biological insights that should motivate further research at large scale. Key messages • Using an app-based approach for collecting combined wearable and questionnaire data on menstrual cycles was technically feasible and delivered interesting biological insights. • User engagement efforts need to be improved to reduce drop-outs and ensure consecutive data collection.

Effect of premenstrual syndrome on school absenteeism and academic performance amongst female secondary school students in Sabon Gari Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

The commencement of menstruation is the hallmark of female pubertal development and active reproductive life. It may be associated with somatic and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome which may affect school attendance and performance. This study was conducted to determine the effect of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) on school absenteeism and academic performance among female secondary school students in Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was a nested case-controlled study conducted on 300 female students enrolled in secondary schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area of Kaduna State, Nigeria in March 2021. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 with p < 0.05 considered as significant. Results generated indicate that the mean age of participants was 16.2 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 226 (75.3%). One hundred respondents (44.2%) were absent from school at any point of time as a result of the PMS. Generally, there was a significant association between the presence of PMS and school absenteeism (p = 0.001, OR = 3.346). Among the symptoms of PMS, there was a significant relationship between the presence of tension (p = 0.043) and mood swings (p = 0.048) and the occurrence of school absenteeism. Furthermore, PMS was perceived to affect reading, homework and test grades of respondents. The self-reported prevalence rate of PMS among respondents was 76.1%. This disorder was significantly associated with school absenteeism and low performance grades among affected respondents. There is need to make policies that will encourage school girls to attend schools during their menses.

Prevalence and Commonly Employed Premenstrual Syndrome Management Strategies Among Female Students at a Private University in Kenya

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a common occurrence experienced by most women before and during their menstrual period. It is estimated that 58.1% of university going students in Turkey experience PMS while 53.87% female students in Ethiopia experience PMS. The condition is widely spread affecting 95.5% of female nurses in Nairobi, Kenya. Different management interventions have been used to manage PMS symptoms including use of painkillers and massage but; information on how University students manage the symptoms is either limited or completely lacking. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and commonly employed management strategies among female students enrolled at Kabarak University in Kenya. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 356 female students at Kabarak University from December 2022 to February 2023. Subjects were recruited using simple random sampling technique. Standardized close-ended questionnaires were used to collect data on prevalence and commonly used medical interventions. A total of 316 valid responses were obtained representing an 88.76% response rate. Majority of study subjects were between the ages of 18-23, single, and in their first year of education. Prevalence of PMS among the participants was found to be high, with 86.7% reporting experiencing PMS symptoms. The most common duration of menstrual cycles reported was 4-6 days. The majority of participants (63.9%) used some form of treatment to manage PMS symptoms, with medication being the most commonly employed approach (51.3%). Non-pharmacological interventions such as sleeping and warm/cold showers were also frequently utilized. In conclusion, PMS prevalence was high at the university highlighting the need for increased awareness and support for female students. Additionally, tailored interventions that address the diverse needs and preferences of the students are crucial for effectively managing their PMS symptoms.

Frecuencia de la sintomatología del Síndrome de Ovario Poliquístico y el Síndrome Premenstrual, relacionado con el estrés académico en estudiantes de medicina de una universidad privada del Perú

Frequency of the symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Premenstrual Syndrome, related to academic stress in medical students of a private university in Peru Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome and premenstrual syndrome are prevalent. Objective: to determine the frequency of the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome and premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with stress in medical students. Material and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. The study population was 322 medical students from the first to the sixth year, chosen for convenience from a private university in Trujillo. Using a google form, the "SPM" questionnaire, "the SISCO inventory of academic stress", and "the polycystic ovary questionnaire" were applied; prior informed knowledge, it had the approval of the Bioethics Committee of the university. Results: The SOP presented a high probability of 5.28%, a medium of 46.58% and a low of 48.13%.The frequency of PMS at the levels, mild, moderate and high were 47.52%, 25.47% and 4 04% respectively.The levels of stress were: mild, moderate and deep of 4.35%, 65.22% and 30.43%, respectively.A highly significant association was found between stress and SPM, stress and PCOS, p = 0.000915106 and p= 1.8589E-25 respectively.Conclusions: The frequency of PMS, the high probability of SOP and the stress levels were high and there is a significant association between stress, SPM and SOP.

A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventional Package in reducing Affective Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome among the teenage girls in selected High Schools of Vijayapur

A Study to assess the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventional Package in reducing Affective Symptoms in Premenstrual Syndrome among the teenage girls in selected High Schools of Vijayapur

Premenstrual syndrome symptoms in women of reproductive age – a preliminary report

Abstract: Most women experience at least one or more psychosomatic symptoms before their period, which are characteristic of premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder.Aim: This study aimed to investigate whether and to what extent women of childbearing age experience PMS and what is involved.Material and methods: The study was conducted between February and June 2019 at the Medical University of Lublin and the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, and at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic in Świdnik, among 252 women of reproductive age, aged 20-35. The paper uses the method of diagnostic survey, using its own questionnaire and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale.Results: About half (45.2%) of the women had moderate severity of symptoms. In contrast, 40.5% of the respondents had no premenstrual syndrome symptoms (0.4%) or only mild symptoms (40.1%). The most common category of symptoms was physical symptoms, including the most common breast tenderness and swelling (52.8%), skin lesions (44%), and cravings for products with added salt and sugar (40.9%). The level of education of the women studied differentiated the perception of PMS symptoms (p = 0.001). The severity of the syndrome was not related to age (p = 0.097), physical activity (p = 0.054), dietary habits (p = 0.650), and vitamin D (p = 0.159) and B (p = 0.458) supplementation.Conclusions: The vast majority of women experience at least one symptom of premenstrual syndrome. Almost half of them have moderate premenstrual symptoms. The most common category of symptoms includes physical symptoms, especially breast tenderness and swelling, skin changes, and cravings for foods with added salt/sugar. Women's level of education makes a difference to their perception of PMS symptoms. The severity of the syndrome does not depend on age, physical activity, dietary habits or vitamin D and B supplementation.Keywords: menstrual cycle, premenstrual syndrome, dysphoric premenstrual disorder

Women with more severe premenstrual syndrome have an enhanced anticipatory reward processing: a magnetoencephalography study.

Laboratory studies reveal that young women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) often exhibit decreased reward processing during the late luteal phase. However, studies based on the self-reports find opposite results (e.g., higher craving for high-sweet-fat food). These differences may lie in the difference between the stimulus used and measuring the different aspects of the reward. The present study was designed to expand previous work by using a classic monetary reward paradigm, simultaneously examining the motivational (i.e., reward anticipation, "wanting") and emotional (i.e., reward outcome, "liking") components of reward processing in women with high premenstrual symptoms (High PMS). College female students in their early twenties with High PMS (n = 20) and low premenstrual symptoms (Low PMS, n = 20) completed a monetary incentive delay task during their late luteal phase when the premenstrual symptoms typically peak. Brain activities in the reward anticipation phase and outcome phase were recorded using the magnetoencephalographic (MEG) imaging technique. No group differences were found in various behavioral measurements. For the MEG results, in the anticipation phase, when High PMS participants were presented with cues that predicted the upcoming monetary gains, they showed higher event-related magnetic fields (ERFs) than when they were presented with neutral non-reward cues. This pattern was reversed in Low PMS participants, as they showed lower reward cue-elicited ERFs than non-reward cue-elicited ones (cluster mass = 2560, cluster size = 891, p = .03, corrected for multiple comparisons), mainly in the right medial orbitofrontal and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (cluster mass = 375, cluster size = 140, p = .03, corrected for multiple comparisons). More importantly, women with High PMS had an overall significantly higher level of ERFs than women with Low PMS (cluster mass = 8039, cluster size = 2937, p = .0009, corrected for multiple comparisons) in the bilateral precentral gyrus, right postcentral gyrus, and left superior temporal gyrus (right: cluster mass = 410, cluster size = 128, p = .03; left: cluster mass = 352, cluster size = 98, p = .05; corrected for multiple comparisons). In the outcome phase, women with High PMS showed significantly lower theta power than the Low PMS ones for the expected non-reward feedback in the bilateral temporal-parietal regions (cluster mass = 47620, cluster size = 18308, p = .01, corrected for multiple comparisons). These findings reveal that the severity of PMS might alter reward anticipation. Specifically, women with High PMS displayed increased brain activities to reward-predicting cues and increased action preparation after the cues appear.

The Relationship Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Emotional Eating in Adolescents

Objective: The negative effects of eating habits in parallel with the emotional turmoil in adolescence may cause the failure to fully meet nutritional requirements and may also increase the severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome symptoms and emotional eating attitudes in adolescents. Methods: The descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted with 242 female adolescents aged 12-18 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C-T). Results: It was found that depressive symptoms and restless mood increased in EES-C-T and its sub-dimensions as fatigue increased among PMSS sub-dimensions, that depressive symptoms increased in EES-C-T sub-dimensions as irritability and depressive thoughts increased among PMSS sub-dimensions, and that EES-C-T and its sub-dimensions increased as symptoms related to appetite changes increased among PMSS sub-dimensions (p<0.05). In addition, it was found that depressive symptoms among EES-C-T sub-dimensions increased as PMSS increased (p<0.05). Conclusion: In the study, 74% of adolescents were found to have premenstrual syndrome. The presence of depressive symptoms in adolescents experiencing PMS may increase emotional eating behavior. Evaluating the eating habits of adolescents who experience premenstrual syndrome symptoms may be effective in improving quality of life and psychological health.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Signs and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female Nursing Students

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as one the most prevalent health issues, especially among female university students. The syndrome substantially impacts their quality of life and academic performance. The progressive muscle relaxation technique is a calming method that can help lower anxiety, cultivate a sense of pain control, and divert away from the painful body part. Objective: The study sought to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on premenstrual syndrome among female nursing students. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female students (40 students in the study group and 40 in the control group) enrolled in the third and fourth academic years (2020-2021). Students were randomly assigned to either the control or study group using a random number generator program. The progressive muscle relaxation technique was performed 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Baseline data were collected from all students. The premenstrual syndrome scale assessed the intensity of PMS before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test, the student t-test, the Monte Carlo test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the marginal homogeneity test. P<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The study found that the Mean±SD age of the study and control group participants were 22.02+0.73 and 21.95+0.67 years, respectively. Also, more than two-thirds of the students in the study and control groups (70% and 67.5%, respectively) were from rural areas. After the intervention, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the intensity of all physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms among the study group compared to the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the total score of PMS intensity was significantly decreased among the study group after the intervention (P=0.001). In contrast, the total score of the intensity of PMS symptoms was significantly increased in the control group (P=0.034). Conclusion: The study concluded that young adult girls who practiced progressive muscle relaxation techniques exhibited less severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms than those who did not.

Effect of meditation on premenstrual syndrome in female medical students

Introduction and aim. A symptom complex of cyclic irritability, depression and lethargy is known as the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Since ages women suffered from PMS. As varied as the etiology, innumerable treatment modalities have been put forward for PMS. Stress is accompanied most closely associated in PMS. Practicing yoga and meditation significantly important for PMS symptoms in reducing its symptoms and period crams as well. The present study aims the impact of meditation in people with PMS. The aim of the study was to see any effect of Shavasana (meditation) training on stress parameters in premenstrual syndrome in female medical students. Material and methods. The present study was approved by institutional ethical committee. Thirty clinically healthy female medical students who were suffering from PMS selected using a premenstrual questionnaire. The values of heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and serum cortisol were measured before meditation. Subjects were then taken through Shavasana (meditation) session for 4 weeks at the same time daily. On the last day of meditation session all above parameters were again recorded and the data was analyzed statistically. Results. The baseline values of all parameters in premeditation session compared to post meditation session. The basal SBP, DBP and HR of female medical students with PMS were significantly higher in pre meditation session than post meditation session with p value of SBP=0.0002, DBP=0.0001, HR<0.0001 respectively which indicated the presence of stress. Following a 4weeks of Shavasana meditation a significant fall in baseline SBP, DBP, HR and the serum Cortisol value was observed. Conclusion. These findings proves that Shavasana is an effective treatment modality to get rid of stress during premenstrual phase.

Low doses of fluoxetine for the treatment of emotional premenstrual syndrome: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study

IntroductionThe neuroactive metabolite of progesterone, allopregnanolone (ALLO), has been implicated in premenstrual syndrome (PMS) physiopathology and preclinical studies suggested that low doses of fluoxetine increase the ALLO brain concentration. ObjectivesTo assess which low dose of fluoxetine (2 mg/d, 5 mg/d or 10 mg/d), administered exclusively during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle, has a potential effect for preventing or mitigating emotional PMS symptoms. MethodsIn this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, we followed 40 women (mean age = 29.7 +/- 7.4 years) with emotional PMS, during two menstrual cycles: cycle 1, without pharmacological intervention; and cycle 2, with pharmacological intervention. Participants took capsules, on average, seven days preceding the likely date of menses. We assessed the severity of PMS symptoms in both cycles using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems scale (DRSP). ResultsThere was an increase in the DRSP scores during the late luteal phase of cycle 1, confirming the diagnosis of emotional PMS. Low doses of fluoxetine (5 mg/d: 33.5%; 10 mg/d: 48.4%) reduced DRSP total score in the day before menses (day-1) at cycle 2 compared with day-1 at cycle 1. Fluoxetine 10 mg/d had the most consistent decline in emotional PMS symptoms; 70% of the participants reported a reduction greater than 40% in the DRSP score. ConclusionsLow doses of fluoxetine, which may have no or few effect on the serotonergic system, but may interfere in the progesterone metabolization, seem to have some potential to mitigate emotional PMS symptoms. While the 10 mg/d of fluoxetine had the best performance on reducing emotional PMS symptoms, the 5 mg/d dose also seems to have some effect on emotional PMS symptoms. Further larger studies will help establish the lowest effective dose of flouxetine for PMS treatment.

The prevalence, risk factors and lifestyle patterns of Jordanian females with premenstrual syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

The study aims to assess factors associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the frequency of using painkillers to relieve premenstrual pain. This is a cross-sectional study of 1580 premenopausal women. An online self-administered questionnaire consists of sociodemographics, and the diagnostic criteria using the Arabic Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (A-PMS). The prevalence of PMS among Jordanian females was 94%. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between several factors, including BMI, family history of PMS, smoking, and herbal tea consumption and the psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS. Furthermore, analgesic use for pain relief and food cravings were significantly associated with psychological, physical and behavioral PMS symptoms. PMS is highly prevalent and affects women in different life aspects.

Investigation of premenstrual syndrome in connection with physical activity, perceived stress level, and mental status-a cross-sectional study.

The premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a critical factor in women's health, which, in addition to physical inactivity, can be influenced by the body mass index (BMI), stress, and mental state, among others. The study aimed to assess the severity of PMS symptoms among young women regarding physical inactivity, BMI, mental state, and perceived stress level. A total of 198 female participants between the ages of 18-45 took part in a 6-month cross-sectional online questionnaire study. The average age of the participants was 25.37 ± 4.80 years. To assess physical activity, stress, mental state, and premenstrual symptoms, we employed standard questionnaires, including the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12), and the Premenstrual Assessment Form-Short Form (PAF-SF). The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 28.0 software, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. During the analysis, we observed a significant relationship (p = 0.020) between regular exercise and the severity of PMS symptoms, as well as between mental state and PMS symptoms (p < 0.001). Furthermore, our findings revealed a significant negative correlation between regular physical activity and perceived stress levels (r = -0.179; p = 0.012), as well as between regular exercise and the participants' mental state (r = -0.157; p = 0.027). Additionally, we identified a significant difference (p < 0.001) among the six subgroups formed based on the PAF-SF and average PSS questionnaire results. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between the PAF-SF case and control groups in terms of BMI averages (p = 0.019). The research findings indicate that the severity of PMS symptoms is influenced by regular physical activity, mental state, and stress.

Efficacy and Tolerability Evaluation of a Nutraceutical Composition Containing Vitex agnus-castus Extract (EVX40™), Pyridoxine, and Magnesium in Premenstrual Syndrome: A Real-World, Interventional, Comparative Study.

Background Pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) is a condition associated with altered hormone levels during the menstrual phase of females and is characterised by physical, emotional, and behavioural symptoms that have a negative impact on the quality of life of females. The symptoms of PMS may vary between individuals, but the major complication is pain, especially during menstrual days. The current treatment strategy involves the use of hormonal therapies and analgesics for symptomatic relief, but these therapies have a risk of potential side effects. The use of herbal and nutraceutical supplements in PMS conditions is increasing due to their long-term safety and proven efficacy. The current real-world study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of Ezedayz® tablets containing Vitex agnus-castus extract (EVX40™), vitamin B6, and magnesium in PMS subjects. Methodology A real-world, open-label study was conducted involving 64 participants with varied severity of PMS symptoms. Participants were categorised into Group A (N=23) receiving standard therapies, Group B (N=20) receiving Ezedayz®tablets, or Group C (N=21) receiving standard and Ezedayz®therapy. Standard therapies were provided as per physician supervision, and Ezedayz® tablets were given for 90 days. All subjects were evaluated on core symptoms of PMS like menstrual backache, menstrual cramps, joint or muscle pain, and headache using the numerical rating scale (NRS), and quality-of-life (QoL) was evaluated using a QoL questionnaire. A spontaneous reporting methodology was used to evaluate the tolerability of the therapies provided. Statistical analysis was performed as per the statistical plan. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Out of 64 participants, five were lost to follow-up, and the data of 59 participants were included in the final analysis. All groups showed improvement in all evaluated parameters, but Group B and Group C showed greater improvement at the end of the study in all evaluated parameters. The quality-of-life assessment revealed greater improvement in Group B and Group C participants compared to Group C in all evaluated QoL parameters. No serious side effects were observed in any subjects. Conclusion The results of the current study conclude that the nutraceutical composition of Vitex agnus-castus extract, vitamin B6, and magnesium is effective in reducing the severity of PMS symptoms and improving the quality of life of PMS subjects. The nutraceutical therapy provided greater relief from PMS symptoms compared to standard therapy alone, and this effect was augmented when the nutraceutical therapy was provided in combination with standard therapies. Similarly, the improvement in quality-of-life parameters was greater in subjects treated with nutraceuticals alone or in combination therapy. Despite the limitations of the study, the results of the current study are promising, and the nutraceutical composition (Ezedayz®) can be effectively used in clinical settings to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of PMS patients.

Phyto-progestins for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding without organic cause in women at high risk for breast cancer and breast cancer survivors: a prospective, pilot study

Objectives Some plants, such as Dioscorea Villosa (DV), Vitex Agnus Castus (VAC) and Turnera diffusa (D) have some ‘progesterone-like’ properties. We have investigated their simultaneous administration in breast cancer (BC) survivors or carriers of specific genetic mutations that can increase the risk of developing BC suffering from abnormal uterine bleeding without organic cause. Methods Women with irregular cycles in terms of length (interval between ≤ 24 or ≥ 38 days) without a uterine organic disease (polyps, adenomyosis, fibroids, hyperplasia/malignancy) were included. A daily diary of bleeding, questionnaires about health-related quality of life (Short Form 36) and menstrual psychophysical well-being (PGWB-1) and the Greene Climacteric Scale (GCS) (in women older than 40 years old) questionnaire were used. The presence of some premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms was also evaluated. Results In the analyzed group of women (n = 15), all experienced a regularization of the menstrual cycles, with a mean duration in the three months of use of 27.1 ± 3.2 days, with a significant reduction of menstrual pain (p = 0.02) and flow (p = 0.02) intensity. Women with PMS (7/15) reported an impovement in depression, headache and abdominal pain scores (p < 0.05). No specific deterioration of different questionnaires evaluated during treatment were observed. General satisfaction with the treatment was 6.8 ± 0.3/10 on a 10 point. Conclusions A combination of DV, VAC and D could be a promising candidate to treat menstrual irregularities without an organic cause, with a significant reduction of menstrual pain and flow intensity and possible additional benefits in PMS symptoms treatment in women at genetic risk for BC and BC survivors.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome In Females of Gujranwala Division And Its Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by cyclic reoccurrence of distressing somatic and psychological manifestations, during luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Present research work aims to investigate prevalence of PMS in females of Gujranwala division Pakistan and to explore various risk factors associated with this syndrome. Methods: The study included self-administered questionnaire, for diagnosis of PMS and PMDD. Participants were analysed for socio-demographic characteristics and menstrual history, serum cholesterol and haemoglobin levels of patients and control were measured. Results: In the present study, 56% females were screened positive for PMS while Prevalence PMDD was 18%. Most common physical symptoms of PMS were abdominal bloating (63.2%), muscle pain (71.73%), lack of energy (85.85%) and appetite change (79.15%) whereas major distressing psychological were Irritability (82.32%), anger (74.55%), depression (49%) and anxiety (63.2%). Prevalence of PMS was 22.6% in underweight, 50.1% in participants having normal weight, 15.5% in overweight individuals and 11.6% in obese. Anaemia (P = 0.00), fatigue (P = 0.00), dysmenorrhea (P = 0.00), family history of PMS (P = 0.00) and residential area (P = 0.047) were major risk factors for development of different symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Statistically significant association was not confirmed between PMS, obesity and blood cholesterol level. PMS is a common menstrual disorder among reproductive females of Gujranwala division, Pakistan. Findings of the study revealed that anemic females were at risk to develop PMS symptoms.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome In Females of Gujranwala Division And Its Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is characterized by cyclic reoccurrence of distressing somatic and psychological manifestations, during luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Present research work aims to investigate prevalence of PMS in females of Gujranwala division Pakistan and to explore various risk factors associated with this syndrome. Methods: The study included self-administered questionnaire, for diagnosis of PMS and PMDD. Participants were analysed for socio-demographic characteristics and menstrual history, serum cholesterol and haemoglobin levels of patients and control were measured. Results: In the present study, 56% females were screened positive for PMS while Prevalence PMDD was 18%. Most common physical symptoms of PMS were abdominal bloating (63.2%), muscle pain (71.73%), lack of energy (85.85%) and appetite change (79.15%) whereas major distressing psychological were Irritability (82.32%), anger (74.55%), depression (49%) and anxiety (63.2%). Prevalence of PMS was 22.6% in underweight, 50.1% in participants having normal weight, 15.5% in overweight individuals and 11.6% in obese. Anaemia (P = 0.00), fatigue (P = 0.00), dysmenorrhea (P = 0.00), family history of PMS (P = 0.00) and residential area (P = 0.047) were major risk factors for development of different symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: Statistically significant association was not confirmed between PMS, obesity and blood cholesterol level. PMS is a common menstrual disorder among reproductive females of Gujranwala division, Pakistan. Findings of the study revealed that anemic females were at risk to develop PMS symptoms.

Prevalence and Pattern of Premenstrual Syndrome among Secondary School Students in Kaduna State

Context: Menstruation may be associated with somatic and psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Aims: We determined the awareness, prevalence, and pattern of premenstrual syndrome among female students in secondary schools in Kaduna state. Association of premenstrual syndrome with sociodemographic profile of respondents and healthcare evaluation and intervention sought by students with premenstrual syndromes were also explored. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted on 300 students enrolled in secondary schools in Sabon Gari Local Government Area in Kaduna state. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain data. The data were analysed using SPSS 20 with P &lt; .05 considered as significant. Results: The mean age of participants was 16.2 ± 1.6 years. The prevalence of premenstrual syndrome was 226 (75.3%). Dysmenorrhea was the most common physical manifestation of premenstrual syndrome and occurred in 183 (81.0%) of the respondents with premenstrual syndrome with a median pain score of 3.0, while mood swings were the most common emotional manifestation of premenstrual syndrome present among respondents 132 (58.4%). Healthcare evaluation was sought by only 15.4% of those affected; however, a good number (42.5%) sought for some form of intervention for their symptoms. There was no significant association between the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and the sociodemographic profile of the respondents. Conclusion: The self-reported prevalence rate of premenstrual syndrome among the study population is high with dysmenorrhea being the most common symptom. There was no association found between the occurrence of premenstrual syndrome and sociodemographic profile of those affected. Most of the students affected did not seek for any form of healthcare evaluation.

Effect of text messages online education for premenstrual syndrome symptoms using media-based support in Iranian Students

Background and aims: One of the most common complaints of women is premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This study aimed to determine the effect of text messages online Education on PMS using Media-based Support. Methods: The present research was an interventional quasi-experimental study from May 2021 to August 2021 in all female students in Ramsar city, Iran. Sixty-eight cases were selected and divided into two groups (the intervention and control groups). Demographic characteristics questionnaire and Premenstrual Symptoms Questionnaire (PSQ) were used. Each case in the experimental group received text messages for three menstrual cycles. PMS symptoms were compared before and after the intervention in two groups. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 16), independent t-test, paired t-test, and covariance analysis (P=0.005). Results: The participants were 18-25 years old and were studying for a bachelor’s degree. Before the intervention, the mean of the PMS score was (11.25±10.05) in the Intervention group and (31.38±14.31) in the Control group (P=0.041). After the intervention, the mean PMS scores in the Intervention and Control groups were (21.85±8.25) and (33.26±14.45) (P=0.001). In the intervention group, psychological and physical symptoms were statistically significant before (25.11±10.05) and after the intervention (21.85±8.25) (P=0.007). Conclusion: The study results showed that media-based support is an efficient and effective method in reducing premenstrual symptoms, which can be used in related interventions as an effective, easy, and low-cost method.