Premenstrual Syndrome Scale Research Articles

Comparison of Structured Exercise Program and Aerobic Exercise on Reducing Pain in Females with Cyclic Mastalgia

Background: Cyclic mastalgia is described as pain occurring in the breast that begins before menstruation andsubsides with the onset of the menstrual cycle. Studies indicate the usage of yoga, LASER and various otherpharmacological methods for treating cyclic mastalgia. There is inadequate literature to report the effect ofexercises on cyclic mastalgia.Purpose: To compare the effect of structured exercise program and aerobic exercise on reducing pain in femaleswith cyclic mastalgia.Materials and Methods: In phase 1, the prevalence of cyclic mastalgia was analyzed using premenstrual syndromescale from a private institute. In phase 2, a total of 52 subjects were selected from phase 1 based on the inclusionand exclusion criteria and were divided randomly into two groups, where group A (n = 26) received structuredexercises and group B (n = 26) received aerobic exercises, along with breast massage and advice on usage ofproperly fitting brassiere for both the groups. NPRS and Cardiff breast pain charts were used as outcome measures.Results: In phase 1, percentage calculation was used to determine the prevalence. In phase 2, t test analysis andnon-parametric tests were used for post intervention analysis. Both groups have shown a significant reduction inseverity and duration of breast pain, but the difference was higher in group A.Conclusion: In phase 1, the prevalence of cyclic mastalgia was 69%. In phase 2, structured exercise protocol wasmore effective in reducing pain in females with cyclic mastalgia when compared with aerobic exercise.

Comparison of menstrual cycle irregularities among young women based on coronavirus disease 2019 infection status: a cross-sectional study.

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic that has emerged recently has significantly affected and continues to affect our lives. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 virus has significant effects on women's health due to gender-related physiological differences. The aim of this study was to compare the menstrual cycle status of young women according to their status of having had coronavirus disease 2019. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 220 young women aged between 18 and 25 years who received at least one dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. The study data were collected as a survey on the online platform. The descriptive characteristics of young women who had had and had not had coronavirus disease 2019 were distributed homogeneously between the groups (p>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in terms of menstrual cycle patterns (p>0.05). The mean scores from the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and its subscales and the mean scores from the COVID Stress Scale and its subscales were similar in both groups, and no statistically significant difference was identified (p>0.05). Although menstrual cycle irregularities due to coronavirus disease 2019 have been reported, these effects are usually observed during the pandemic. A decrease in stress and anxiety with the end of the pandemic may explain the return of the menstrual cycle to normal.

The relationship between premenstrual syndrome and personality traits in university students.

This study was conducted to determine the relationship between personality traits and premenstrual syndrome in university students. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 616 female university students between February and June 2020. The Premenstrual Syndrome Scale score was determined as a mean of 125.40±25.41. According to linear regression analysis, extrovert/introvert personality traits, emotional balance/neuroticism, and consistent/inconsistent personality traits were statistically significant predictive factors of premenstrual syndrome. The results of this study demonstrated that two-thirds of the students had premenstrual syndrome and personality traits affected premenstrual syndrome. It is recommended that attention should be paid to personality traits when coping with premenstrual syndrome.

The Effect of Social Media Addiction on Premenstruel Syndrome and Sleep Quality

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the impact of social media addiction on premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and sleep quality. Material-Method: The study population consisted of female students enrolled in the Health Sciences Faculty of a public university (n=884). Data were collected using the "Personal Information Form," "Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS)," "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS)," and "Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)" instruments. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and Linear Regression Analysis were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.40±1.65, and the mean age of menarche was 13.42±1.60. The mean total score for PMSS was 129.57±37.75, the mean total score for SMAS was 12.93±4.84, and the mean score for PSQI was 13.22±2.04. The correlation analysis revealed a positive relationship between SMAS and the total scores of PMSS and PSQI (r=.325, p=.000; r=271, p=.000). In addition, as a result of the regression analysis, a 1-unit change in the social media addiction scale score causes a positive increase of .325 units (β) on the total score of the premenstrual syndrome scale and a positive increase of 0.444 units (β) on the total score of the PSQI. Conclusion: Social media addiction was found to be an effective variable in increasing premenstrual syndrome symptoms and poor sleep quality.

Covid-19 Pandemisi Sürecinde Kadınlarda Premenstrual Sendrom ve Psikolojik Değişimler

Aim: Premenstrual syndrome is an important problem affecting women's health. This study aimed to examine premenstrual syndrome and psychological changes in women during the COVID-19 pandemic and to evaluate the relationship between premenstrual syndrome and psychological changes. Subjects and Method: The study, designed as a descriptive type, was conducted with 910 women in the 18-49 age group. "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale" and "Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21" were used as data collection tools in the study. Frequency, percentage, t test in independent groups, ANOVA test and correlation analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: Premenstrual syndrome was detected in 68.8% of women, depression in 63.8%, anxiety in 75.8%, and stress in 39.3%. In the correlation analysis conducted on the relationship between women's premenstrual syndrome scores and depression, anxiety and stress scores, a positive significant relationship was found (p

Effect of Aerobic Exercise Versus Vestibular Stimulation on Lipid Profile in Premenstrual Syndrome

Objective: To determine the effect of aerobic exercise versus vestibular stimulation on lipid profile in premenstrual syndrome. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients with premenstrual syndrome had regular menstrual cycles were participated in this study. Their ages were ranged between 23-30 year. Their body mass index did not exceed 30 kg/ m2. They were not participating in physical therapy exercise program at the last 3 months. Patients with cardiovascular problems, pulmonary problems and endometriosis are excluded from the study. All patients were divided randomly into two equal groups (A&B). Group A: It consisted of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated by aerobic exercises in the form of treadmill training at moderate intensity of 60- 70% of the maximum heart rate, 3 times per week for 2 months. Group B: It consisted of thirty patients with premenstrual syndrome. They were treated by vestibular stimulation, 3 times per week for 2 months. Outcome measures: Total cholesterol level, HDL, LDL, triglycerides were assessed for all patients before and after treatment in both groups (A&B). Premenstrual syndrome scale was used to confirm the diagnosis of PMS before study and to evaluate the severity of PMS symptoms for all patients in both groups (A&B) before and after treatment. Results: Results revealed that, between groups; pretreatment, there was no significant difference between both groups A and B in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale. While post treatment, there was significant difference between both groups A and B in total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale (with favour of group A; more decrease in total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and premenstrual syndrome scale and more increase in HDL). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise was found to be effective more than vestibular stimulation on lipid profile in premenstrual syndrome, in relieving stress and symptoms of PMS.

Are premenstrual syndrome and aggression related to body mass index in adolescents?

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and aggression during adolescence with body mass index (BMI), which is a topic not yet investigated in the literature. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,450 adolescents aged 12-18 years, who applied to the Pediatric Adolescent Outpatient Clinic and voluntarily agreed to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements of the adolescents were taken and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire were administered to the adolescents. It was discovered that all the adolescents participating in the study had PMS. It was determined that as the levels of PMS were elevated, physical aggression, hostility, anger and verbal aggression gradually increased. Additionally, this increase was statistically significant (p<0.001). It was further discovered that there were statistically significant differences between the BMI classifications of the adolescents and PMS, physical aggression, hostility, anger and verbal aggression statuses (p<0.001). Accordingly, it was determined that as the BMI values of the adolescents increased, PMS and aggressive attitude levels increased. This study is the first in the literature to examine the relationship between PMS and aggression, and BMI in adolescents. Within this framework, it was determined that PMS frequency and aggression levels were high in overweight/obese adolescents. Accordingly, it is predicted that both PMS and aggression levels can decrease with healthy body weight in adolescents.

THE PREVALENCE OF PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AMONG MIDWIFERY STUDENTS AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH LIFESTYLE

This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and its relationship with lifestyle among undergraduate midwifery students at Aydin Adnan Menderes University. 288 undergraduate female midwifery students were recruited for the study. While data on the anthropometric, socio-demographic, menstrual and lifestyle characteristics of the participants were collected by using data collection form, the premenstrual syndrome scale was utilised to determine the presence/absence of PMS in each participant. Student’s T test, Mann Whitney U test, Pearson’s Chi-square test, Chi-square test, Fisher's Exact test and multiple logistic regression analysis via Backward LR procedure were employed in comparing the groups with and without PMS and determining the best predicting factors for PMS. The prevalence of PMS among the participants was 51.3%. Additionally, whereas; fast-food consumption, taking vitamin /mineral supplements, poor income and expense balance, generally feeling stressed, irregular sleep and feeling pain during menstruation had a statistically significant positive relationship with PMS, consumption of white meat was found to be negatively related with PMS. A significant proportion of the study’s population suffered from PMS. Therefore, more attention from healthcare providers on the subject, the incorporation of PMS-related topics into educational curricula, social support and lifestyle modifications are recommended.

Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Physiotherapy Students and Its Effect on Their Academic Performance - A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and objective: Physiotherapy is the health care profession in which students are spending their most of the time in classes and postings. During PMS (premenstrual syndrome) students are not able to fulfil their and profession needs. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among physiotherapy students and its effect on academic performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 physiotherapy students studying in different physiotherapy colleges in Moodbidri, Karnataka. Data was collected with help of an Online Google form with two outcome measure. Premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS) was used to find out the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and a self- questionnaire was prepared to evaluate effect of PMS on academic performance. Result: Result shows a moderate prevalence of PMS among physiotherapy students, which is 39.3% with a significant negative relationship between premenstrual syndrome and academic performance in physiotherapy students. Conclusion- There is significant negative relationship is present between Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and Academic performance of physiotherapy students.

Development and validation of risk prediction model for premenstrual syndrome in nurses: results from the nurses-based the TARGET cohort study.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as a significant concern within the realm gynecological disorders, profoundly impacting women of childbearing age in China. However, the elusive nature of its risk factors necessitates investigation. This study, therefore, is dedicated to unraveling the intricacies of PMS by focusing on nurses, a cohort with unique occupational stressors, to develop and validate a predictive model for assessing the risk of PMS. This investigation employed a multi-center cross-sectional analysis drawing upon data from the TARGET Nurses' health cohort. Utilizing online survey versions of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), a comprehensive dataset encompassing physiological, social, psychological, occupational, and behavioral variables was collected from 18,645 participants. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent risk factors for PMS. Furthermore, a refined variable selection process was executed, combining the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method with 10-fold cross-validation. The visualization of the risk prediction model was achieved through a nomogram, and its performance was evaluated using the C index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the calibration curves. Among the diverse variables explored, this study identified several noteworthy predictors of PMS in nurses, including tea or coffee consumption, sleep quality, menstrual cycle regularity, intermenstrual bleeding episodes, dysmenorrhea severity, experiences of workplace bullying, trait coping style, anxiety, depression and perceived stress levels. The prediction model exhibited robust discriminatory power, with an area under the curve of 0.765 for the training set and 0.769 for the test set. Furthermore, the calibration curve underscored the model's high degree of alignment with observed outcomes. The developed model showcases exceptional accuracy in identifying nurses at risk of PMS. This early alert system holds potential to significantly enhance nurses' well-being and underscore the importance of professional support.

The Relationship Between Premenstrual Syndrome and Emotional Eating in Adolescents

Objective: The negative effects of eating habits in parallel with the emotional turmoil in adolescence may cause the failure to fully meet nutritional requirements and may also increase the severity of the Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between premenstrual syndrome symptoms and emotional eating attitudes in adolescents. Methods: The descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study was conducted with 242 female adolescents aged 12-18 years. Data were collected using a questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) and the Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents (EES-C-T). Results: It was found that depressive symptoms and restless mood increased in EES-C-T and its sub-dimensions as fatigue increased among PMSS sub-dimensions, that depressive symptoms increased in EES-C-T sub-dimensions as irritability and depressive thoughts increased among PMSS sub-dimensions, and that EES-C-T and its sub-dimensions increased as symptoms related to appetite changes increased among PMSS sub-dimensions (p&amp;lt;0.05). In addition, it was found that depressive symptoms among EES-C-T sub-dimensions increased as PMSS increased (p&amp;lt;0.05). Conclusion: In the study, 74% of adolescents were found to have premenstrual syndrome. The presence of depressive symptoms in adolescents experiencing PMS may increase emotional eating behavior. Evaluating the eating habits of adolescents who experience premenstrual syndrome symptoms may be effective in improving quality of life and psychological health.

THE LINK BETWEEN CHOLECALCIFEROL INTAKE AND MANIFESTATIONS OF DEPRESSION AND MENSTRUAL ANOMALIES IN PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME

Diminished vitamin D levels have been linked to manifestations of premenstrual discomfort and mood disturbances. Our study delved into the connection between reduced cholecalciferol concentrations and depressive tendencies alongside diverse menstrual inconsistencies observed in individuals with PMS. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 250 female participants sourced from the Gynecology Outpatient Department at Liaquat University of Medical &amp; Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro Hyderabad, Pakistan. This study encompassed women aged 15 to 45, especially those in good health but with a documented history of depression and PMS. The Beck Depression Inventory was employed to clinically assess the incidence of depression, while the premenstrual syndrome scale was utilized to gauge PMS. The Chi-square test was applied for statistical analysis to juxtapose two quantitative parameters: vitamin D levels and Beck's scores, dysmenorrhea, menstrual flow, and age at menarche. Our analysis showed that 37.2% of the participants grappled with heavy menstrual flow, whereas 45.6% suffered from dysmenorrhea. Alarmingly, vitamin D was deficient in 61.2%, while an additional 34% displayed suboptimal levels. Regarding mental health indicators, 35.2% exhibited signs of mild depressive episodes during their premenstrual cycle, with a further 36.4% experiencing more acute depressive states. Among the vitamin D-deficient group, 18.8% were borderline for clinical depression, with 28.8% categorized under the severe depression bracket. Our statistical findings highlighted a pronounced linkage between Beck's depression indices and vitamin D concentrations, yielding a P-value of 0.001. In dysmenorrhea, 39.6% of the afflicted females had compromised vitamin D levels. Additionally, vitamin D deficiency was present in 36.8% of participants reporting intense menstrual flow. Notably, 9.6% of females who reached menarche at 12 exhibited reduced vitamin D levels, compared to a mere 0.8% with early menarche and satisfactory vitamin D metrics. There appears to be an inverse relationship between vitamin D concentrations and depressive symptoms, suggesting that optimal vitamin D levels could potentially ameliorate depressive manifestations.

Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Technique on Signs and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among Female Nursing Students

Introduction: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) stands as one the most prevalent health issues, especially among female university students. The syndrome substantially impacts their quality of life and academic performance. The progressive muscle relaxation technique is a calming method that can help lower anxiety, cultivate a sense of pain control, and divert away from the painful body part. Objective: The study sought to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on premenstrual syndrome among female nursing students. Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 80 female students (40 students in the study group and 40 in the control group) enrolled in the third and fourth academic years (2020-2021). Students were randomly assigned to either the control or study group using a random number generator program. The progressive muscle relaxation technique was performed 30 minutes daily for 4 weeks. Baseline data were collected from all students. The premenstrual syndrome scale assessed the intensity of PMS before and after the intervention. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square test, the student t-test, the Monte Carlo test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the marginal homogeneity test. P&lt;0.05 were considered significant. Results: The study found that the Mean±SD age of the study and control group participants were 22.02+0.73 and 21.95+0.67 years, respectively. Also, more than two-thirds of the students in the study and control groups (70% and 67.5%, respectively) were from rural areas. After the intervention, a statistically significant decrease was observed in the intensity of all physical, psychological, and behavioral symptoms among the study group compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the total score of PMS intensity was significantly decreased among the study group after the intervention (P=0.001). In contrast, the total score of the intensity of PMS symptoms was significantly increased in the control group (P=0.034). Conclusion: The study concluded that young adult girls who practiced progressive muscle relaxation techniques exhibited less severe premenstrual syndrome symptoms than those who did not.

Premenstrual Syndrome Levels and Eating Attitudes Among University Students

Background: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is the combination of physical, behavioral, and psychological symptoms that characterize the week leading up to menstruation, and it can last for a few days. This study aimed to investigate irregular PMS, eating attitude behavior, and body mass index values among university students. Methods: The study sample consisted of 140 Artvin Coruh University students studying Nutrition and Dietetics. The study includes questions from three separate sections. The first section contains a sociodemographic characteristic form, the second section consists of the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and the third section includes the 26-item Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26). Results: In this study, the mean total score for PMSS was 135 ± 38.3, and the mean total score for EAT-26 was 17.0 ± 10.8. Individuals with irregular sleep patterns experienced more severe PMS (p &lt; 0.01) and a shorter daily sleep duration (p &lt; 0.05). Conclusions: High percentages of nutrition and dietetics students in our study experienced PMS, and the incidence of eating disorders was low. The relationship between PMS and EAT-26 must be understood for the health and well-being of university students.

The prevalence, risk factors and lifestyle patterns of Jordanian females with premenstrual syndrome: a cross-sectional study.

The study aims to assess factors associated with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and the frequency of using painkillers to relieve premenstrual pain. This is a cross-sectional study of 1580 premenopausal women. An online self-administered questionnaire consists of sociodemographics, and the diagnostic criteria using the Arabic Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (A-PMS). The prevalence of PMS among Jordanian females was 94%. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between several factors, including BMI, family history of PMS, smoking, and herbal tea consumption and the psychological, physical and behavioral symptoms of PMS. Furthermore, analgesic use for pain relief and food cravings were significantly associated with psychological, physical and behavioral PMS symptoms. PMS is highly prevalent and affects women in different life aspects.

Association of menopausal symptoms and menopausal quality of life with premenstrual syndrome.

Premenstrual symptoms at reproductive age resemble menopausal symptoms and have symptomatic commonalities. We hypothesized that women with previous premenstrual syndrome may be more prone to develop menopausal symptoms and aimed to investigate the association of menopausal symptoms and menopausal quality of life with premenstrual symptoms. The study included 120 postmenopausal women. We evaluated the current menopausal symptoms with menopause rating scale (MRS) and quality of life with menopause-specific quality of life scale (MSQoL), previous premenstrual symptoms with premenstrual syndrome scale (PMSS) retrospectively and compared the associations statistically. According to retrospective PMSS, participants were divided into two groups; with and without premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS group included 29 (24.2%) participants and 91 (75.8%) participants were in group without PMS. Sociodemographic characteristics of groups were similar. Somatic and psychological symptoms were higher in MRS of PMS group. Evaluating the MSQoL; psychosocial and physical symptoms were impaired in the PMS group. Vasomotor, urogenital and sexual symptoms were similar in both groups. Premenstrual and menopausal symptoms were related in terms of somatic, and psychosocial symptoms but not in vasomotor, urogenital, and sexual symptoms. It seems that women with previous premenstrual symptoms are more likely to develop menopausal symptoms in some ways. However, a prospective longitudinal study may be needed for more conclusive results.

Prevalence and correlates of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among women aged 18-25 in Turkey.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) are experienced in the luteal phase among women of reproductive age and affect the quality of life. This study sought to determine the prevalence and correlates of PMS and PMDD in women aged 18-25. A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and May 2023, which recruited 1125 female college students. A personal information form, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS) were administered. Participants who met the criteria for PMS during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the ACOG and PMSS scores were diagnosed as having PMS. Participants who met the criteria for PMDD during three consecutive menstrual cycles based on the DSM-V were diagnosed as having PMDD. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent correlates of PMS and PMDD. PMS was found in 49.2% and PMDD in 48.0% of the participants. Women having a B blood group compared to those with A blood group were more likely to have PMS (OR = 151.80, 95% = 54.50-422.57). In addition, women with PMS were less likely to be physically active based on the metabolic equivalent of task score (OR = 0.99,95% = 0.98-0.99). Menstrual cycle duration was also longer among those with PMDD (OR = 1.47, 95% = 1.25-1.72), as was daily caffeine intake (OR = 1.01,95% = 1.00-1.01). PMSS score was also found to be associated with MDD (OR = 1.06,95% = 1.05-1.07). PMS and PMDD are associated with blood groups, MET scores, and other clinical characteristics that may help clinicians to identify these conditions among young women in Turkey.

The Effect of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program on Premenstrual Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is an important health problem that affects women of childbearing age. Mindfulness, a meditation practice that cultivates the acceptance of events as they occur in the moment without judgment, is a promising strategy to help women cope with PMS. This study aimed to test the efficacy of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program in decreasing premenstrual symptoms compared with a control group. This study was a prospective, single-masked randomized controlled trial conducted between February and April 2022 with 90 university students. Participants were women between 20 and 30 years of age, scored at least 45 on the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS), and were not receiving other treatments for PMS. Participants were randomized into experimental (MBSR) and control groups in a 1:1 allocation. MBSR was provided in 8 weekly sessions lasting 2.5 hours and a 6-hour silence retreat during week 6. Symptoms of PMS were evaluated with the PMSS at baseline and postintervention. Differences between groups were compared postintervention using analysis of covariance to correct for baseline scores. The study was registered at www. gov before the data collection process was initiated (NCT05191108). Of the 90 enrolled participants, 74 participants completed the study and postintervention assessment (37 in each group). Immediately postintervention, the women in the experimental group had significantly lower PMS symptoms than women in the control group (PMSS total score, 96.35 vs 123.02; P < .001). The effect size for the change in premenstrual symptoms was large (partial η2 , 0.510). Specific symptoms measured by the PMSS subscales all showed significant reductions in scores in the MBSR group compared with the control group. A mindfulness stress reduction program was effective in reducing premenstrual symptoms. MBSR programs may be used as a therapy for PMS. Future studies should test MBSR in larger and more diverse groups of women with PMS.

Is there a relationship between internalized misogyny and premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in young women? A descriptive-relational study.

This study utilized a descriptive and relational design to determine the relationship between young women's experiences of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and dysmenorrhea with internalized misogyny. A total of 487 individuals were accessed. Data were collected through the "Personal Information Form" prepared by the researchers, the "Functional and Emotional Measure of Dysmenorrhea" the "Premenstrual Syndrome Scale," and the "Internalized Misogyny Scale." The internalized misogyny scale mean score had significant effects on the functional and emotional measure of dysmenorrhea mean score (p < 0.05). The internalized misogyny scale mean score was found to have a statistically significant effect on the premenstrual syndrome scale (p < 0.05). This study found that young women's internalized misogyny was highly correlated with PMS and dysmenorrhea, and increased internalized misogyny also increased the severity of PMS and dysmenorrhea in young women.

Premenstrual Sendromlu Kadınlarda Hayatın Anlamının ve Amacının İncelenmesi

Women's coping behaviors with premenstrual syndrome symptoms can be affected by various factors. Among these factors, the meaning and purpose of life is an important health factor associated with reducing many negative health outcomes. This study was conducted to examine the life purpose and meaning-making tendencies of women with premenstrual syndrome. The sample of this descriptive-correlational study consisted of 384 participants. The study was conducted in March-September 2021 within a province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. The data were collected by using the Descriptive Questionnaire, the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, and the Meaning and Purpose of Life Scale. The mean Premenstrual Syndrome Scale scores of the participants were determined as 135.02±25.02 and the mean Scale of Meaning and Purpose of Life was 46.77±7.40. The effect of the meaning and purpose of life was found to be effective on decrease of premenstrual syndrome (p&amp;lt;0.001). The total meaning and purpose of life score explained 21.9% of the total variance in the dependent variable of premenstrual syndrome. In order to make the lives of women diagnosed with premenstrual syndrome more meaningful, it is recommended to organize multi-sectoral collaborative programs in which women's health nurses take an active role.