Premature Skin Aging Research Articles

Formulation of Ensulizole with Beta-Cyclodextrins for Improved Sunscreen Activity and Biocompatibility

In today's context, prolonged exposure to sunlight is widely recognized as a threat to human health, leading to a range of adverse consequences, including skin cancers, premature skin aging, and erythema. To mitigate these risks, preventive actions mainly focus on advocating the application of sunscreen lotions and minimizing direct exposure to sunlight. This research study specifically centered on ensulizole (ENS), a prominent ingredient in sunscreens. The objective was to create inclusion complexes (ICs) with Beta-cyclodextrin (B–CD) and its hydroxypropyl derivatives (H–CD). Using phase solubility measurements, we determined that both B–CD and H–CD form 1:1 stoichiometric ICs with ENS. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectral (1H NMR) analysis confirmed that the phenyl portion of ENS is encapsulated within the B–CD cavity. Significant changes in surface morphology were observed during the formation of these ICs compared to ENS and CDs alone. Quantum mechanical calculations were employed to further support the formation of ICs by providing energy data. Particularly, the photostability of the ENS:B–CD ICs remained intact for up to four hours of UV exposure, with no significant alterations in the structure of ENS. Furthermore, comprehensive biocompatibility assessments yielded encouraging results, suggesting the potential application of these inclusion complexes in cosmetics as a UVB sunscreen. In summary, our research underscores the successful creation of inclusion complexes characterized by enhanced photostability and safe biocompatibility.

Protective Factor Evaluation of Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) Magenta Flower Variety Herbs Extract Cream Formula

Background: Indonesia is an equatorial country that is rich in sunlight all year. UV light is divided into three wavelength groups: UV-A (320-400nm), UV-B (280-320nm), and UV-C (100-290nm). Intracell chromophores in skin cell membranes such as riboflavin, porphyrin, nicotinamide, and enzymes will absorb the UV-A light. The UV-B light penetrates the dermis layer and causes DNA structure changes, which lead to wrinkles and a rising risk of skin cancer. Premature skin aging and skin cancer can be prevented with sunscreen preparation containing compounds that can protect the skin from UV radiation. Flavonoid is one of the purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) active metabolites that have the potency to be developed as sunscreen. Objective: This research aimed to determine the ability of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) magenta flower variety herbs extract cream as a sunscreen as indicated by the %Te, %Tp, and Sun Protective Factor value. Methods: This research was an experimental study with various purslane magenta flower variety herbs extract cream formulas that were tested for their %Te, %Tp, and SPF value with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Results: The sunscreen cream preparation with 2.5% of purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) magenta flower variety herb extract had %Te, %Tp, and SPF values of 25.86 ± 2.41%, 36.05 ± 2.82%, and 3.97 ± 0.35 respectively. At the same time, preparations with 5% concentration of extract had %Te, %Tp, and SPF values of 8.23 ± 0.86%, 16.65 ± 0.92%, and 8.03 ± 0.38, respectively. Conclusion: The sunscreen activity of all extract concentration creams was significantly different compared to the negative control (cream base) in all parameters. Flavonoids are the compounds responsible for the sunscreen activity of purslane extract.

Protective role of melatonin in ultraviolet radiation- induced oxidative stress in human skin photoaging

The ultraviolet radiation of the sun that reaches the earth is made up of ultraviolet A (95%) and ultraviolet B (5%). Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main factor in photoaging. Chronic exposure to sunlight acts as an environmental stressor, leading to oxidative damage or stress. Oxidative damage stimulates the accumulation of free radicals, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) or reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that are responsible for premature skin aging. Photoaged skin is characterized externally by irregular pigmentation, wrinkles, and reduced skin elasticity, and internally by the breakdown of dermal collagen and elastin. Free radicals can be scavenged and the skin can be protected from further oxidative damage by antioxidants. Melatonin is a hormone produced mainly by the pineal gland, as well as many other organs, including the skin. One of the functions of melatonin is exerted by the antioxidative melatoninergic system to prevent ultraviolet (UV)-induced skin photoaging. The aim of this review was to study the protective effect of melatonin on skin photoaging resulting from UVR exposure. The references were tracked using various databases, such as Google Scholar and PubMed with regard to publications in English for the last 5 years (2019-2023). Melatonin inhibits UVR-induced aging in multiple ways, such as protecting skin cells, binding free radicals, accelerating the activity of antioxidant enzymes, preventing increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, and assisting electron transport efficiency in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Exogenous application of melatonin is usually by the oral route, but for localized effects on the skin, topical administration is recommended, with consideration of preparations with a better half-life and bioavailability. Understanding the protective antioxidant function of melatonin in UV-induced skin photoaging helps to optimize its application. The protective properties of melatonin against UVR-oxidative stress-induced photoaging will be further explored in this review.

Photogallery. Genodermatoses. Part II

Genodermatoses are a group of hereditary diseases primarily affecting the skin. To date, there are more than two hundred genetically determined dermatoses representing about 35% of all genetic diseases and 10% of all skin diseases. Genodermatoses can be caused by mutations in a single gene or the interaction of several genes and environmental factors. Hereditary diseases are characterized by a wide variety of phenotypic manifestations and the diagnostic complexity which represents a serious problem in modern dermatology.
 We present a gallery of hereditary dermatoses.
 Unna-Tost disease is a genodermatosis inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and characterized by diffuse excessive keratinization of the skin on the palms and soles, manifesting in the first to second year of life.
 Buschke-Fischer-Brauer punctate palmoplantar keratoderma is a late-developing focal dermatosis in which painful hyperkeratotic papules can occur when traumatized.
 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a condition demonstrating skin hyperextensibility and a number of typical symptoms of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems.
 Progeria manifests as premature skin aging, affecting the endocrine, skeletal, cardiovascular, and other systems of the body, as well as increasing the risk of developing malignant neoplasms of internal organs and skin.
 Congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma of Brocq is a severe chronic skin disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, which follows the pattern of lamellar ichthyosis but to a milder degree.
 X-linked ichthyosis, a hereditary "darkening" condition, occurs only in males and is characterized by impaired keratinization and the presence of gray-black scales on the skin.
 Lamellar ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive dermatosis characterized by generalized skin involvement.
 Netherton syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a combination of ichthyosis with structural anomalies of the hair shaft and atopy.

The enzymatic hydrolysates of Andrias davidianus mucus alleviates UVA-induced photoaging in the HSF cell and mouse skin

Photoaging is the premature aging of skin caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The skin mucus of Andrias davidianus has anti-photoaging activity, but its active ingredients and mechanisms are not clear. In this study, we first investigated the photoprotective effect of enzymatic hydrolysates from Andrias davidianus mucus (AD-APRO) on UVA-irradiated responses in human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cells and mice. AD-APRO hindered the UVA induced activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased the activity of antioxidase in HSF cells. Furthermore, topical application of AD-APRO ameliorated skin photoaging in a mouse model by suppressing oxidative stress. CAMP and Peptide Ranker, two online tools, were used to predict the active peptides of AD-APRO against photoaging. The active peptides of AD-APRO were predicted to be KDACCNLVLHFNPRF, NLVLHFNPRF, FEWKP, and CNLVLHFNPRF. These results provide a basis for the study of the photoprotective effect of AD-APRO and suggest that it can be potentially used as an agent against UVA-induced skin photoaging in humans.

Comparison of Pollutant Effects on Cutaneous Inflammasomes Activation

The skin is the outermost layer of the body and, therefore, is exposed to a variety of stressors, such as environmental pollutants, known to cause oxinflammatory reactions involved in the exacerbation of several skin conditions. Today, inflammasomes are recognized as important modulators of the cutaneous inflammatory status in response to air pollutants and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. In this study, human skin explants were exposed to the best-recognized air pollutants, such as microplastics (MP), cigarette smoke (CS), diesel engine exhaust (DEE), ozone (O3), and UV, for 1 or 4 days, to explore how each pollutant can differently modulate markers of cutaneous oxinflammation. Exposure to environmental pollutants caused an altered oxidative stress response, accompanied by increased DNA damage and signs of premature skin aging. The effect of specific pollutants being able to exert different inflammasomes pathways (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP6, and NLRC4) was also investigated in terms of scaffold formation and cell pyroptosis. Among all environmental pollutants, O3, MP, and UV represented the main pollutants affecting cutaneous redox homeostasis; of note, the NLRP1 and NLRP6 inflammasomes were the main ones modulated by these outdoor stressors, suggesting their role as possible molecular targets in preventing skin disorders and the inflammaging events associated with environmental pollutant exposure.

The combination of cigarette smoke and solar rays causes effects similar to skin aging in a bilayer skin model

Skin aging is a multifactorial process influenced by internal and external factors. The contribution of different environmental factors has been well established individually in the last few years. On the one hand, man is rarely exposed to a single factor, and on the other hand, there is very little knowledge about how these extrinsic factors may interact with each other or even how the skin may react to chronic exposure. This study aimed to evaluate the effect on skin aging of a chronic co-exposure of tissue-engineered skin substitutes to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and solar simulator light (SSL). Skin substitutes were reconstructed according to the self-assembly method and then exposed to CSE followed by irradiation with SSL simultaneously transmitting UVA1, visible light and infrared. When skin substitutes were chronically exposed to CSE and SSL, a significant decrease in procollagen I synthesis and the inhibition of Smad2 phosphorylation of the TGF-β signaling pathway were observed. A 6.7-fold increase in MMP-1 activity was also observed when CSE was combined with SSL, resulting in a decrease in collagen III and collagen IV protein expression. The secretory profile resulting from the toxic synergy was investigated and several alterations were observed, notably an increase in the quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results also revealed the activation of the ERK1/2 (3.4-fold) and JNK (3.3-fold) pathways. Taken together, the results showed that a synergy between the two environmental factors could provoke premature skin aging.

Sunscreens can preserve human skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure.

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known environmental key factor for premature skin ageing. Only few scientific evidence is available to support the effects of UVR on the skin microbiome. This in vivo pilot study aimed to evaluate the impact on the skin microbiome upon erythemal UV exposure and the protection of UV-exposed skin microbiome by UV filters. Ten female volunteers were treated with an sun protection factor (SPF) 20 sunscreen and placebo formulation (without UV filters) on their upper middle backs and irradiated with an erythemal dose (2 MED) by a solar simulator. Skin swabbing samples from four zones (i.e., unexposed, exposed, sunscreen- and placebo-treated on exposed skin) were collected for the microbiome analysis before and 2 h after UV exposure, respectively, and processed via shallow 16S rRNA Amplicon and Shotgun metagenomic sequencing. An in vitro UV method was developed to confirm the protection of isolated bacterial strains by single UV filters and combinations. Alpha diversity was impacted by significant inter-individual differences and by treatment rather than by irradiation. Cutibacterium acnes was found to be the most abundant and a confounding factor for diversity. On a species level, Lactobacillus crispatus was negatively associated with UVR and placebo treatment, whereas there was a positive association with sunscreen treatment. The sunscreen treatment also favoured an interaction network with central Micrococcus genus. The in vitro results showed that both single UV filters and combinations had specific effects on the survival rates of L. crispatus, C. acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We identified potential microorganisms and bacterial interactions that were associated with an SPF 20 sunscreen treatment. The specific protection of L. crispatus as a key player in the UV-exposed skin microbiome and reduction of C. acnes population by UV filters might lead to new cosmetic concepts for photoprotection.

Aflatoxin B1 exposure triggers inflammation and premature skin aging via ERMCS/Ca2+/ROS signaling cascade

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a recognized hazard environmental contaminant mainly found in cereal and fruits. The toxicity of AFB1 exposure to various organs has been revealed in some literature. In current study, we explored the effect of AFB1 exposure on premature aging/senescence of skin. In vivo, 8-week-old C57 mice were used as models to evaluate the effect of dietary AFB1 exposure on premature skin aging. The results showed that AFB1 exposure caused premature skin aging by testing aging markers. Additionally, AFB1 led to oxidative stress and inflammatory response. In vitro, AFB1 exposure triggered premature cellular senescence in mouse skin fibroblasts cells (L929 cells) by assessing a range of cellular senescence-related markers. Further, the potential molecular mechanism by which AFB1 induce the premature skin aging was studied. ROS and Ca2+ is proven to be the key molecules in AFB1-induced cellular senescence. Further, through eliminating Ca2+, AFB1-caused oxidative stress and cellular senescence were both attenuated, suggesting that Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria results in cellular senescence by increasing ROS production. Next, we analyzed the causes of Ca2+ overload, and results showed that AFB1 exposure induces Ca2+ overload through increasing the formation of mitoguardin (Miga) and vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)-associated protein (Vap33)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondria contact sites (ERMCS). AFB1 exposure also inhibited mitophagy, leading to accelerate L929 cell senescence. In short, combining in vivo and in vitro results, we demonstrate that exposure to AFB1 causes premature skin aging, which is dependent on ERMCS/Ca2+/ROS/ signaling axis. The current study suggests that prolonged exposure to AFB1 makes skin more vulnerable to damage.

A combination of three antioxidants decreases the impact of rural particulate pollution in Normal human keratinocytes.

It is well established that exposure of human skin to airborne pollution, particularly in the form of particulate matter sized 2.5 μm (PM2.5 ), is associated with oxidative stress, DNA damage and inflammation, leading to premature signs of skin aging. Because much of the damage results from oxidative stress, we examined the effects of a topical composition containing three antioxidants in an in vitro model system to assess the potential for amelioration of premature aging. The use of multiple antioxidants was of interest based on the typical composition of therapeutic skincare products. It is important to determine the efficacy of multiple antioxidants together and develop a short-term assay for larger scale efficacy testing. Normal human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to a rural-derived source of PM2.5 in the presence and absence of an antioxidant mixture of resveratrol, niacinamide and GHK peptide. Endpoints related to inflammation, premature aging and carcinogenicity were monitored after 5 h of exposure and included IL-6, CXCL10, MMP-1 and NRF2. Differentially expressed genes were monitored by RNA-seq. Pre-treatment of keratinocytes with the antioxidant preparation in the absence of PM2.5 reduced baseline levels of MMP-1, IL-6 and CYP1A1 and reduced PM2.5 -induced increases in all four endpoints, MMP-1, IL-6, CXCL10 and CYP1A1. Antioxidants significantly increased NRF2 protein in the presence of PM2.5 , indicating a protective response. RNA-seq interrogation of antioxidant-treated cells further showed increased expression of NRF2 inducible genes. The expression of CYP1A1 and genes related to aryl hydrocarbon activation were induced by PM2.5 and suppressed by antioxidants. Specific signalling pathways known to be correlated with skin inflammation and aging were examined based on their suitability for use in efficacy testing for the prevention of skin damage due to ambient hydrocarbon pollution. Endpoints examined after only 5 h of exposure provide a useful method amenable to high through-put screening. The results obtained reinforce the concept that a multiple antioxidant preparation, topically applied, may reduce pro-inflammatory signalling and cellular damage and thereby reduce premature skin aging due to exposure to rural-derived airborne pollution.

Searching for Natural Plants with Antimelanogenesis and Antityrosinase Properties for Cosmeceutical or Nutricosmetics Applications: A Systematic Review.

Excessive UV radiation (UVR) exposure has been shown in studies to be a major risk factor for most melanomas, causing premature skin aging as well as immune system suppression due to the increased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the melanogenesis process. Although several compounds with antioxidant and antityrosinase activities are widely used in the cosmetic industry, like kojic acid, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, and arbutin, their use has been limited due to their adverse effects on the skin and cytotoxic issues. Recently, attempts have been made to develop new natural skin-lightening products by using plant extracts that are less toxic and exhibit numerous biological properties with great market demand. In this study, information on the depigmentation effects of various natural plant species was gathered from the SCOPUS database according to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 414 records were retrieved, and finally, 76 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis by fulfilling all the inclusion criteria. In this review, we discuss the extraction methods and biological assays of 75 highly potential plant species, including the olive, yuzu, longan, and lotus. We concluded that the use of natural plants as skin-whitening agents is highly effective as there is a significant correlation between the content of polyphenolic compounds, antimelanogenesis, antityrosinase, and antioxidant activities. However, it is worth noting that the use of extraction methods or types of solvents is very important in determining the biological activities of plants.

The relationship of vitamin A, C, and E intake with premature aging of facial skin in female market traders

Background: Women's market traders are jobs that are often exposed to free radicals, including air pollution, cigarette smoke, sun exposure and have a high workload that causes stress. Antioxidants can protect the skin from free radicals and can inhibit the process of premature aging of facial skin which are found in vegetables and fruits such as vitamins A, C, E.
 Objective: To determine the relationship between intake of vitamins A, C, and E with premature aging of market traders in the form of wrinkles around the face.
 Methods: Observational research with cross sectional method. The sampling technique is multi-stage cluster sampling. This research was conducted at Beringharjo Market with a total sample of 172 respondents with inclusion criteria namely female traders, aged 26–45 years, workers in the market area. The exclusion criteria are tourists/market visitors, women who are pregnant and breastfeeding. The research variables for intake of vitamins A, C, and E used the SQ-FFQ (Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire) questionnaire with the interview method. In measuring the number of wrinkles on facial skin using photoaging through facial shooting using a Sony A7R3 camera with a 24-70 lens that is analyzed by a dermatologist (skin expert). Data analysis technique using multiple logistic regression analysis. This analysis uses SPSS software version 22.0.
 Results: In the multiple logistic regression test, p = 0.037 (p <0.05) means that there is a relationship between vitamin A intake and premature aging of facial skin. On vitamin C intake, p = 0.436 (p> 0.05), meaning that there is no relationship between vitamin C intake and premature aging of facial skin. And on vitamin E intake, p = 0.171 (p> 0.05) there is no relationship between vitamin E intake and premature aging of facial skin.
 Conclusion: Intake of vitamin A has a significant relationship with the occurrence of premature aging of the face, but vitamins C and E do not have a significant relationship with the occurrence of premature aging of the facial skin

Safety evaluation and effects of cascara pulp Gayo Arabica coffee cream as anti-photoaging in animal model.

Prolonged sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) exposure causes premature skin aging called photoaging and coffee-derived topical antioxidants may help to reduce this process. Since a significant amount of antioxidant-rich cascara pulp are wasted in coffee processing, this study aimed to evaluate the safety of cascara extract cream of Gayo Arabica coffee pulp (CECGACP) as anti-photoaging in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) by assessing the skin primary irritation index (PII), skin macroscopic changes and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Twenty-five rats were randomly divided into five different groups: negative control (base cream only), positive control containing L-ascorbic acid 3%, and three treatment groups treated with cream containing 5%, 7.5% and 10% of CECGACP. The CECGACP was extracted, formulated into cream as a topical treatment and applied on the backs of the rats two times a day, once before the UV exposure and four hours after the exposure. After four weeks, the skins were macroscopically examined, and the TNF-α levels were measured. The PII was assessed after applying the cream 24 hours before UX exposure. Our data suggested that CECGACP was considered safe because there were no erythema and edema formation on the skin of the rats with PII score of 0 (classified as no irritation or negligible). After UV exposure, all rats had visible wrinkles and erythema on the skin in particular in the first week. After administration of CECGACP, both wrinkles and erythema were decreased. The levels of TNF-α varied from 0.15±0.02 ng/mL in the negative control and CECGACP 7.5% rat groups to 0.19±0.03 in the positive control group; however, there was no significant difference among all the groups. Our study suggests that CECGACP is safe to use in Wistar rats and able to reduce the erythema and edema due to UV exposure. However, the application of CECGACP does not provide a significant reduction of TNF-α levels.

Vegetable as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Photoprotective Properties: Implication in the Aging Process.

The skin, as an external organ, protects the entire body against harmful external factors. One of these factors is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which in excessive amounts can lead to premature skin aging, DNA damage, and even skin cancer. Therefore, it is worth supporting skin protection not only with commercially available preparations, but also with a proper diet. Consuming certain vegetables and applying them topically may reduce the effects of UV radiation. The aim of the review was to collect information on the effects of vegetables and their compounds on the skin when used externally or included in the diet. This review summarizes studies on vegetables, such as broccoli, cucumber, kale, tomato, and carrot, which have shown significant activity in skin photoprotection. Additionally, it outlines the bioactive substances present in these vegetables and their effects.

Higenamine Reduces Fine-Dust-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 in Human Keratinocytes.

Environmental pollutants such as fine dust are increasingly linked to premature skin aging. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of higenamine, a natural plant alkaloid, against fine-dust-induced skin aging in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). We found that higenamine significantly attenuated fine-dust-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), a key enzyme involved in collagen degradation. Furthermore, higenamine was found to modulate fine-dust-induced AP-1 and NF-κB transactivation, which are crucial factors for MMP-1 transcription. Higenamine also impeded fine-dust-induced phosphorylation in specific pathways related to AP-1 and NF-κB activation, and effectively alleviated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, a key factor in oxidative stress caused by fine dust exposure. These results suggest that higenamine exerts protective effects against fine-dust-induced skin aging, primarily through its MMP-1 inhibitory properties and ability to mitigate ROS-induced oxidative damage. Our data highlight the potential of higenamine as an effective ingredient in skincare products designed to combat environmental skin damage.

Blueberry Supplementation and Skin Health.

Environmental stressors such as air pollutants, ozone, and UV radiation are among the most noxious outdoor stressors affecting human skin and leading to premature skin aging. To prevent the extrinsic aging, the skin is equipped with an effective defensive system. However, cutaneous defense mechanisms can be overwhelmed through chronic exposure to environmental pollutants. Recent studies have suggested that the topical usage of natural compounds, such as blueberries, could be a good strategy to prevent skin damage from the environment. Indeed, blueberries contain bioactive compounds found to induce an active skin response against the environmental noxious effects. In this review, results from recent studies on this topic are discussed in order to build the argument for blueberries to possibly be an effective agent for skin health. In addition, we hope to highlight the need for further research to elucidate the mechanisms behind the use of both topical application and dietary supplementation with blueberries to bolster cutaneous systems and defensive mechanisms.

Interaction of TAGLN and USP1 promotes ZEB1 ubiquitination degradation in UV-induced skin photoaging

BackgroundUltraviolet A (UVA) irradiation can lead to skin damage and premature skin aging known as photoaging. This work found that UVA irradiation caused an imbalance between dermal matrix synthesis and degradation through the aberrant upregulation of transgelin (TAGLN) and studied the underlying molecular mechanism.ResultsCo-immunoprecipitation and proximal ligation assay results showed that TAGLN can interact with USP1. USP1 can be retained in the cytoplasm by TAGLN in UVA-induced cells, which inhibits the interaction between USP1/zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), promote the ubiquitination degradation of ZEB1, and lead to photoaging. TAGLN knockdown can release USP1 retention and help human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) resist UVA-induced damage. The interactive interface inhibitors of TAGLN/USP1 were screened via virtual docking to search for small molecules that inhibit photoaging. Zerumbone (Zer), a natural product isolated from Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, was screened out. Zer can competitively bind TAGLN to reduce the retention of USP1 in the cytoplasm and the degradation of ZEB1 ubiquitination in UV-induced HSFs. The poor solubility and permeability of Zer can be improved by preparing it as a nanoemulsion, which can effectively prevent skin photoaging caused by UVA in wild-type (WT) mice. Zer cannot effectively resist the photoaging caused by UVA in Tagln−/− mice because of target loss.ConclusionsThe present results showed that the interaction of TAGLN and USP1 can promote ZEB1 ubiquitination degradation in UV-induced skin photoaging, and Zer can be used as an interactive interface inhibitor of TAGLN/USP1 to prevent photoaging.

Lactic acid bacteria and their lysate ameliorate skin inflammation in a UVB irradiation-induced skin photoaging mouse model

Skin photoaging is premature skin aging caused by over exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Photoaged skin is characterized by epidermal thickening, dryness, deep wrinkles, loss of elasticity, delayed wound healing and susceptibility to cancer and closely related to skin inflammation. Meanwhile, it had been reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) lysate has lots of beneficial components such as fatty acid, vitamin B, and amino acids, and LAB has the anti-inflammatory effects and the potentials as therapeutics for many chronic inflammatory diseases. Because skin photoaging is recovered by reducing inflammation, co-treatment of LAB and their lysate may alleviate the skin conditions caused by UV-induced skin photoaging via the anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, the aim of this study is to find out whether co-treatment of LAB and their lysate has beneficial effects on skin conditions and ameliorates skin photoaging. LAB and their lysate were treated in vitro and in vivo. LAB lysate decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and other inflammation-related biomarkers such as cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) significantly in HaCaT, the human keratinocyte cell line. LAB and their lysate was evaluated in UVB-induced skin photoaged HR-1 mice model, and it decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α in serum. LAB and their lysate also decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines in skin, colon, and spleen. Moreover, LAB and their lysate changed the composition of fecal microbiome and short chain fatty acids in mice. In conclusion, the topical treatment of lactic acid bacteria and their lysate may have a potential to ameliorate skin photoaging by reducing inflammation. This work was supported by Korea Testing Laboratory This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

A Conformable Ultrasound Patch for Cavitation-Enhanced Transdermal Cosmeceutical Delivery.

Increased consumer interest in healthy-looking skin demands a safe and effective method to increase transdermal absorption of innovative therapeutic cosmeceuticals. However, permeation of small-molecule drugs is limited by the innate barrier function of the stratum corneum. Here, a conformable ultrasound patch (cUSP) that enhances transdermal transport of niacinamide by inducing intermediate-frequency sonophoresis in the fluid coupling medium between the patch and the skin is reported. The cUSP consists of piezoelectric transducers embedded in a soft elastomer to create localized cavitation pockets (0.8 cm2 , 1mm deep) over larger areas of conformal contact (20 cm2 ). Multiphysics simulation models, acoustic spectrum analysis, and high-speed videography are used to characterize transducer deflection, acoustic pressure fields, and resulting cavitation bubble dynamics in the coupling medium. The final system demonstrates a 26.2-fold enhancement in niacinamide transport in a porcine model in vitro with a 10 min ultrasound application, demonstrating the suitability of the device for short-exposure, large-area application of sonophoresis for patients and consumers suffering from skin conditions and premature skin aging.

The anti-melanogenic properties of Swietenia macrophylla king

Fair flawless skin is the goal for some cultures and the development of irregular skin pigmentation is considered an indication of premature skin aging. Hence, there is a rising demand for skin whitening cosmetics. Thus, this research will be focusing on discovering the anti-pigmentation properties of Swietenia macrophylla seeds. Firstly, the seeds were extracted with ethanol and further fractionate based on their polarity before testing them on zebrafish embryos. The ethanolic extract of the seed demonstrated significant inhibition of both tyrosinase activity and melanin production in the embryos. However, after fractionation, the anti-melanogenic ability was observed to have decreased, signifying that the phytocompounds may be synergistic in nature. Still in the proteomic studies the ethanolic extract and its hexane fraction both induced the downregulation of cathepsin LB and cytoskeletal proteins that have connections to the melanogenic pathway, confirming that S. macrophylla seeds do indeed have anti-pigmentation properties that can be exploited for cosmetic use. Next, limonoids (tetranortriterpenoids found in the seed) were tested for their inhibitory effect against human tyrosinase related protein 1 (TYRP-1) via molecular docking. It was found that limonoids have a stronger binding affinity to TYRP-1 than kojic acid, suggesting that these phytocompounds may have the potential in inhibiting pigmentation. However, this still needs further confirmation before these phytocompounds can be developed into a skin whitening agent. Other assays like ex-vivo or 3D human skin culture can also be used to better study the seeds anti-pigmentation effect on humans.