Results from a sample of 903 students and 1515 adults indicate that Negroes and whites differ considerably in the ways in which premarital sexual attitudes are produced and maintained. The white group is less permissive, and its permissiveness is inversely related to church attendance and belief in romantic love and positively related to the number of times in love. In the Negro group these associations were either absent or in the opposite direction. A similar pattern distinguished men from women within each racial group. The theory advanced to explain these findings proposes that the lower the traditional level of sexual permissiveness in a group, the greater the likelihood that social factors will alter individual levels of permissiveness.