Preliminary Survey Research Articles

Preliminary survey on the occurrence of microplastics in bivalve mollusks marketed in Apulian fish markets

Microplastics (MPs) are a relevant threat to food safety because they are ingested by humans through various foods. Bivalves are at high risk of microplastic contamination due to their filter-feeding mechanism and pose a risk to consumers as they are ingested whole. In this work, microplastics were detected, quantified, identified, and classified in samples of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) marketed in the Apulia region. The total number of plastic debris was 789 particles in the mussel samples and 270 particles in the oyster samples, with size ranging from 10 to 7350 µm. Fragments with size within the category of 5-500 µm were the predominant findings in both species, with blue as the predominant color in mussels and transparent in oysters; most of the debris was polyamide and nylon polymers in the mussels and chlorinated polypropylene in the oysters. These results show that mussel and oyster samples purchased at fish markets are contaminated with microplastics. The sources may be diverse and further studies are needed to assess the impact of the marketing stage on microplastic contamination in bivalves to better define the human risk assessment associated with microplastic exposure from bivalves consumption.

Preliminary Annotated Checklist of Mammalian Fauna of Kishtwar Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India

A region-specific diversity documentation is an important resource for biodiversity conservation. A preliminary survey was carried out in Kishtwar district of Jammu Division to prepare a checklist of domesticated and wild mammalian fauna of the area. The data was collected from 60 villages of this district, lying in North- western Himalayas, ranging from an altitude of 980- 3700 meters above sea level, from May 2022 to December 2022. The survey revealed the presence of 33 species of mammals belonging to 5 orders, 12 families and 13 sub-families. Carnivora was the dominant order with 15 species followed by Artiodactyla with 10 species, Rodentia with 3 species and Perissodactyla and Primates with 3 and 2 species respectively.

Environmental and Technological Problems for Natural Gas Production in Permafrost Regions

Russia has unique technical and technological experience of gas field development in permafrost regions. According to this experience, different environmental and geocryological conditions require different technical solutions. Such problems as considerable subzero temperatures in geologic sections, great ice saturation of subsurface sediments, and gas and gas hydrate accumulations inside permafrost and immediately below it cause a series of dangerous consequences when gas production wells are in operation. These include back freezing, breaking well casings, well site subsidence when in production; movement and deformation of the wellhead caused by thawing of the rock massif around the well column when in operation; sudden and strong gas blowouts during well drilling, completion, and operation. To prevent possible accidents, different technical and technological solutions are applied: zoning of the field area according to the degree of complexity of geocryological conditions and the correction of future gas well cluster locations to avoid zones with extremely complex conditions; preliminary degassing of permafrost zones by shallow slim wells in places of future production well clusters; mechanical support of unstable production wells; installation of passive and active heat-isolation systems to the well construction and inside ground around wellheads. Key messages received during the development of gas fields at complex geocryological conditions are (consistently): preliminary careful geological engineering surveys and zoning of the field area, well clusters placed in areas with relatively soft geocryological conditions, preliminary degassing of permafrost depth intervals, passive and active heat isolation installation to the sub-wellhead part of the production well and around wellhead, and mechanical strengthening of unstable wells. Current plans are underway to utilize this experience for new gas discoveries in the Russian Arctic.

Analysis of the Influence of E-Learning Service Quality Factors on Student Perceived Value and Student Satisfaction, with Implication to Student Loyalty

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the learning process, which was previously carried out conventionally with face-to-face interaction, into an online learning activity (e-learning). e-Learning has several benefits, but it also has some challenges that need to be addressed. A preliminary survey has been conducted by asking open-ended questions regarding students’ experience and obstacles during e-learning to determine their perceptions of e-learning, and the results showed that there were problems faced by students in implementing e-learning, especially pertaining to student loyalty. Previous research has stated that e-learning service quality exercises an influence on student satisfaction and student loyalty. This research focusses on the influence of e-learning service quality factors on student perceived value (SPV) and student satisfaction, and ultimately on its role in influencing student loyalty. This research was conducted using a quantitative approach, wherein data were gathered, using judgement sampling, from 309 undergraduate students enrolled across six universities in Tangerang. These data were analysed by partial least squares structural equation modelling (SEM-PLS), and the results of the analysis indicated the presence of a positive and significant relationship between these variables. Resultant to the analysis, there emerged some useful suggestions for educational institutions and lecturers that would enable them to improve the quality of e-learning. The findings of the present study imply that improving the factors of e-learning service quality will inculcate in students a favourable value perception towards the university, as well as create a feeling of satisfaction in them, arising from the fulfilling character of the experience to which they were exposed during the e-learning process; these phenomena are expected in turn to increase students’ loyalty towards the university.

Aligning NCCN criteria with testing workflows using a novel database application (Criterion).

e22541 Background: As cost decreases and benefits become more well known, more individuals are seeking genetic testing. Physicians, genetic counselors, and other healthcare professionals play a critical role in explaining the benefits and limitations of genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. Here we discuss our experience creating a web-based application, utilized by a variety of stakeholders, to determine whether patients are likely to meet clinical testing criteria set forth by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Methods: To address the challenge of efficiently and accurately determining medical necessity for hereditary cancer genetic testing, we developed a pilot study to assess the utility of Criterion beta, a web-based pilot application. A questionnaire was sent to laboratory staff, genetic counselor assistants, genetic counselors, and physicians to assess the accuracy and usability of Criterion beta. 14 respondents each evaluated three mock patient profiles. They were initially asked to determine if the patients met current NCCN criteria for hereditary cancer genetic testing without using any alternative references or resources. Respondents with no prior training using Criterion were then asked to answer the exact same questions using Criterion beta. Results: Results of this pilot study indicate that implementation of Criterion beta leads to more accurate decision-making. Preliminary survey data shows that response accuracy for NCCN criteria determinations improved by 72% with the use of Criterion beta (see Figure 1). In addition, 85% of respondents reported that the application would allow them to routinely make more accurate decisions regarding who meets NCCN criteria for hereditary cancer genetic testing. Conclusions: As the demand for genetic testing increases, accessibility of professional guidelines like NCCN is important for multiple entities involved in the testing process, especially those unfamiliar with the concept of medical necessity. Clinically-based tools like Criteron beta are critical in this process because guidelines can be complex to navigate. In addition, through its ease of use, Criteron beta can better align implementation of genetic testing among high-risk populations. It may also place indirect pressure on industry stakeholders to align their eligibility requirements with clinical standards like NCCN, ultimately serving the best interests of patients in need of preventative care.

A Preliminary Survey of Angiospermic Diversity of Thirukudder Hills in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India

A Preliminary Survey of Angiospermic Diversity of Thirukudder Hills in Madurai District, Tamil Nadu, India

Peningkatan Pemahaman tentang Relasi Positif dan Mencegah Toxic Relationship pada Kader Posyandu Remaja SMART Sampit, Kalimantan Tengah

Based on the results of a preliminary survey conducted with SMART Posyandu cadres using a Google form questionnaire, it was found that 100% of respondents stated that they had experienced negative relationships with friends, and 83% stated that they had experienced toxic relationships in friendships, so based on these results it is necessary to carry out counseling about understanding positive relationships and prevent toxic relationships. This activity aims to increase understanding of positive relationships and prevent toxic relationships—implementation of activities carried out through three stages: preliminary survey, planning, and implementation. The activity begins with giving a pretest and ends with giving a posttest to find out the level of understanding about positive relationships and preventing toxic relationships. The results obtained after counseling showed an increase in understanding; out of 22 participants, 11 people experienced an increase, seven got a fixed score, and only four got a decreased score. After counseling is carried out, the next step is to assist in strengthening the understanding of SMART Posyandu cadres in establishing positive relationships and preventing toxic relationships in friendships.

Development of Service Experience Evaluation Tool for Visiting Nurses of Public Health Center in Korea

Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop an evaluation tool for clients’ experience of visiting nursing service provided by visiting nurses of public health center in Korea.Methods: This study is built upon Clark’s theory (2008) of community nurse role model and the 8-stage tool development methodology suggested by DeVellis (2012).Results: Major findings are as follows. First, a tentative list of questionnaires with forty two measurable items were derived through several rounds of focus group interviews with nursing professors, health policy experts and visiting nursing staff, and later twenty five items were determined as a preliminary test set after a series of revision and removal from the aforementioned tentative set. Second, the 25-item preliminary survey tool comprised five dimensions of service quality, which include 4 items for Tangibles, 9 items for Reliability, 3 items for Responsiveness, 7 items for Assurance, and 2 items for Empathy. Third, after factor analysis and reliability analysis, only 14 items survived, being categorized into five dimensions of the SERVPERF model: The final version of evaluation tool to measure service experience for visiting nurse of public health center is comprised of 18 items.Conclusions: This study tried to develop a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the clients’ experience of visiting nursing service provided by visiting nurses of public health center in Korea for the first time.

신라 월성 성벽의 구간별 축조 공정과 왕경의 축성 기술

In this article, the construction process was analyzed by dividing Wolseong, a royal castle of Silla, by construction section. By comparing Dodangsan Fortress and Namsan Fortress, it was intended to reveal the construction technology of Silla Wanggyeong. In addition, in order to see if the construction technology of the Wanggyeong Fortress was confirmed in other buildings, the exchange of fortification technology was reviewed by comparing tombs and embankments. Wolseong was analyzed by dividing it into a moat section, a west wall section, and a north wall section, and the preliminary survey of Japanese colonial era and the 2011 excavation survey were used as supplementary data. In view of the section of the west wall and the section of the north wall, it is believed that the built-up wall will be completed after the formation of the base → the central frame → three to four times of extending construction. The basic construction process was the same overall, but the three sections show the construction of the wall using different construction techniques and materials according to the base conditions. In addition, in the moat section and the west wall section, traces of repairs were found two to three times after the wall was built, and the outer wall or inner wall was partially supplemented according to the maintenance situation. As Dodangsan Fortress and Namsan Fortress were built in a way that made hills → built slopes, a different construction technology from Wolseong Fortress was identified. Both fortresses were constructed with a construction method suitable for small-scale earthen fortifications, and as it is estimated to be a political space and a government building, it can be seen that they were efficiently built according to the purpose of construction. On the other hand, although Silla’s stone-mounded wooden chamber was built at the same time, the similarity of fortification technology was captured only in the Hoseok structure, where the functional sector was emphasized, and various construction techniques were shared for each construction process in the embankment.

0405 How Well Does Sexual Activity Improve Sleep When Compared With Pharmacologic Sleep Aids?

Abstract Introduction Insomnia is a common sleep disorder with negative impacts on psychological and physical health. Films and books for the general public have commonly suggested that sexual activity is followed by increased sleep drive. Our initial survey was done to assess the perceived impact of sex and orgasm on sleep in people with insomnia in comparison to the use of sleeping pills. Methods An 8-question survey was created with Qualtrics. The link to the survey was shared via social media, including Twitter. Explanation was given about the purpose of the survey. Ages under 18 were excluded from the study. Results 53 individuals completed the survey, 53% were female. The survey skewed to younger adults, 89% between 25-49 years of age. 75% of respondents reported that they slept better after sex/orgasm close to bedtime and the majority reported a moderate improvement in sleep on those nights. Medication was utilized to improve sleep by 66% of the individuals. In comparison to sex/orgasm, the majority of those surveyed felt that medication had similar or worse effect on their sleep (64%). Conclusion This was a preliminary survey of a general audience about the impacts of sex/orgasm on sleep and the comparison to medications. It appears that sex/orgasm had a positive impact on sleep in both males and females in the surveyed population and was used not infrequently to improve sleep. Although this survey demonstrated largely positive impact of sex/orgasm on sleep, negative associations with sexual activity were not explored and people with these negative associations (such as those with sexual-related trauma) may not have been well represented. Limited research has been done about the relative impacts of sex and orgasm on the quality of sleep, however, this survey suggests that media depictions of falling asleep faster after sex may be accurate in the general population. Given the above findings, further thoughtful examination of the impact of sexual activity on sleep is warranted, recognizing that there are many in whom sexual activity prior to bedtime is a negative experience and may worsen sleep. Support (if any)

Matching audio/video app features with young user preferences: An integrated approach

AbstractAudio/video mobile applications (apps) enable people to engage in leisure activities without time and space restrictions, which gradually changed human leisure behaviours. This study is one of the first to integrate means‐end chain theory, Kano and conjoint analyses to reveal young user preferences for entertainment audio/video mobile apps. A preliminary qualitative survey with 36 young interviewees established the questionnaire items in the subsequent survey of 389 young respondents. Results show that ‘subtitle choice’, ‘resolution selection’, ‘top ranking list’ and ‘advertising mode and format’ are key attributes that directly influence young user willingness to download apps. In particular, ‘flashing banner ads’, ‘resolution ≤ 480 ppi’, ‘5 seconds to skip ads’, providing ‘subtitle choice’ and without ‘top ranking list’ is the best combination of attribute levels of audio/video apps that meet young users' desires. That is, young users prefer mobile apps with ‘resolution ≤ 480 ppi’ and ‘subtitle’ choices and expect that they can skip flashing banner ads in 5 s. Providing a top audio/video ranking list, however, is unnecessary for young app users. The findings can help marketers and app designers develop effective app designs and advertising strategies for young users to expedite the adoption of entertainment audio/video apps.

Sexual orientation was associated with intention to be vaccinated with a smallpox vaccine against mpox: A cross-sectional preliminary survey in Japan

This survey aimed to assess the prevalence of intention to receive smallpox vaccine against mpox and its relationship with sexual orientation in Japan. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in September-October 2022, with 12,900 assigned males and 13,413 assigned females participating. Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between vaccine willingness and sexual orientation, adjusting for socioeconomics, trust in government, COVID-19 vaccination status, and frequency of brothel visits. Vaccine willingness was higher in homosexual respondents than heterosexual counterparts, with proportions of 23.1 % among assigned males and 13.4 % among assigned females. Homosexual orientation was significantly associated with vaccine willingness, with prevalence ratios of 1.37 (95 % CI: 1.23–1.54) among assigned males and 1.34 (95 % CI: 1.13–1.59) among assigned females. These findings highlight the need for targeted vaccine promotion campaigns and ongoing monitoring of attitudes towards mpox and vaccine compliance in high-risk groups.

Retrospective study of lameness in beef cattle in northeastern Sardinia, Italy.

Lameness is one of the most prevalent diseases affecting dairy and beef cattle, resulting in decreased animal performance, decreased animal welfare, and substantial economic loss. In extensive beef cattle farming, the risk factors for this multifactorial disease are largely unexplored. This study aims to conduct a preliminary epidemiological survey of risk factors in beef cattle in extensive breeding, evaluate the farmer's perception of lameness, and determine the recurrence frequency of the pathologies under investigation in treated animals. The study was conducted in Sardinia, Italy. The population of the study consisted of 14379 cattle from 230 farms. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to collect all the necessary data. A strong association was found between breed and the occurrence and recurrence of lameness (p < 0.0001). In addition, the Country of origin of both bulls and cows was found to be correlated with the incidence of lameness (p < 0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively). Farmers who indicated on the questionnaire that lameness was not important on their farm had more animals with recurrences (p < 0.0001) than other farmers. The veterinarian's treatment choice differed significantly by farmer concern (p = 0.007) and was associated with less disease recurrence (p < 0.0001), resulting in greater farmer satisfaction (p < 0.007). Pure cow breed, French bull origin, and farmer's age were detected as significant predictors of lameness issues, with pure cow breed and French bull origin having the strongest associations (p = 0.009). Even though the results of this study are preliminary, they indicate that breed selection is crucial in extensive beef farms to reduce lameness prevalence. In addition, it would be reasonable to train breeders to prevent and diagnose lameness early in order to collaborate with veterinarians to prevent recurrence.

The Effect of Baby Massage on Baby Weight

Baby massage is a massage that is done closer to fine strokes or tactile stimulation done on the surface of the skin. Data from a preliminary survey conducted in Tunjung Village, Udanawu District, Kabupaen, Blitar stated that out of 10 infants aged 0-6 months, 6 of them (60%) did not experience weight gain. And 3 of them who did not gain weight said their children had never been in a baby massage. This type of research is a pre-experimental study with a two-group posttest with control design The population to be used in this study is all infants in Tunjung Village with the age of &lt; 1 year in January 2023. The sampling technique uses Simple Random sampling. The samples in this study were 32.16 for the control group and 16 for the treatment group. Treatment by giving baby massage is done 2x a week for 15 minutes within 4 weeks. The statistical test used the Mann Whitney. Based on the statistical test carried out obtained by Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) of 0.007 &lt; (α = 0.05), then Ho was rejected and H1 was accepted meaning that there was a difference in baby weight after baby massage between the control group and the treatment group. It is expected that baby massage can be routinely done so that the baby's weight increases and growth runs normally.

(043) Assessing Confidence in Caring for LGBTQ+ in Medicine and Teaching Acclimate Survey

Abstract Introduction Discrimination against LGBTQ+ individuals in West Virginia (WV) may compound the already poor health outcomes faced by all West Virginians. Medical students across the United States (US) report positive attitudes towards LGTBQ+ patients but do not feel adequately trained to provide proper care. Medical schools and residency programs in WV have begun to incorporate LGTBQ+ training in their curricula, but the effect on confidence is not known. We report preliminary survey results from WV resident physicians and medical students on their confidence caring for LGTBQ+ patients. Objective Use survey data to evaluate the quantity and quality of LGBTQ+ medical education of residents and medical students in WV and assess its impact on confidence and comfort in treating LGBTQ+ patients. Methods An anonymous survey was distributed via REDCap from February to June 2022 to residents and medical students at a major WV medical school and teaching hospital. The survey collected demographic information and exposure to LGTBQ+ undergraduate medical training, and assessed with a Likert Scale attitudes, comfort, and confidence in providing informed care; many questions were adapted from a validated survey. Data were analyzed with Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests. Significance was set at p&amp;lt;0.05. Results Thirty-five students and 23 residents completed the survey. Students identified as male (37%), female (54%), non-binary (6%), and other (3%); residents identified as male (52%) or female (48%). Most students (77%) and residents (83%) were heterosexual; other sexual orientations included gay (6% of students, 4% of residents), lesbian (6% of students), bisexual (9% of students, 13% of residents). One student (3%) identified as “other.” Most students (67%) were from WV and most residents (57%) attended medical school in WV. Residents were from nine specialties; Internal Medicine (22%) and Surgery (22%) were most represented. Residents attended US (61%), International (35%), and Caribbean (4%) schools. Most residents did not have LGBTQ+ lectures (57%) or standardized patients (57%) in medical school (57%), but have had lectures in residency (55%). Students reported LGTBQ+ curriculum (67%) but not standardized patients (69%). Students felt more competent than residents with LGTBQ+ language (z=3.04, p&amp;lt;0.00), and that physicians should ask patients their pronouns, gender identity (z=2.8, p=0.01). Among all respondents, those without LGTBQ+ curriculum in medical school felt less comfortable asking about gender identity (z=–2.24, p=0.03), sexual orientation (z=–2.207, p=0.03), sexual preferences (z=–2.705, p=0.01), and reported anxiety about their knowledge of LGTBQ+ healthcare (z=3.354, p&amp;lt;0.00). Those without standardized patient experiences felt less competent (z=–4.127, p&amp;lt;0.00) and more anxious (z=3.040, p&amp;lt;0.00) performing a physical exam on a transgender patient. Most subjects reported appropriate awareness of disparities (64%), but not in linking patients to resources (52%); most would attend training (89%) and support mandatory LGTBQ+ education (93%). Conclusions Though preliminary results, medical learners want training in LGTBQ+ healthcare and do not feel adequately prepared to care for the unique needs of these patients. Disclosure No

Implementation of Discovery Model Assisted by Flipbook Media on Learning to Write Poetry Text

In the preliminary survey that has been conducted in the classroom, students have the value of poetry writing skills under the minimum completeness criteria that have been set by the school. The background of this study is the low ability to write poetry texts of Junior High School students. Students ' ability to write poetry texts needs to be improved because students must be trained in pouring words with imagination in the surrounding environment. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the discovery learning learning model with the help of flipbook media, the results of writing poetry texts after the implementation of the learning model and the activities of teachers and students during the learning process. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis techniques. The Data were obtained based on the results of the application of the discovery learning learning model assisted by flipbook media which can improve the writing skills of Al Inayah Kutamukti Junior High School students. The presentation includes: 1) learning syntax, 2) the results of students ' poetry writing skills, and 3) the results of observations of teacher and student activities. The data obtained in this study are presented in Tabular Form and analyzed descriptively. The data processing is done by researchers, namely display, reduction and conclusions. The results of descriptive analysis after the first application, the steps of learning to write poetry texts using the discovery learning method assisted by flipbook media, namely the provision of stimuli or stimuli with flipbook media. 2) identify problems on how to write poetry 3) collect data from several sources facilitated by teachers 4) process information 5) proof and 5) draw conclusions. Second, the value of students in writing poetry obtained an average of 82 with the lowest value of 79 and the highest 86. The Data showed that the results of writing poetry students have reached the minimum criteria of completeness is 75. Then the last activity of teachers and students in the learning process based on the observation of 88% which means it has a good category. These results can be concluded that the learning model of discovery learning assisted by flipbook media is effective for learning to write poetry.

Metazoan Parasites of Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) Native to Lake Urema, Mozambique

Mozambique tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852), an important aquaculture species investigated herein, is at risk and listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. During a preliminary survey conducted in 2011, 30 Mozambique tilapia from Lake Urema in Gorongosa National Park in central Mozambique, were examined for metazoan parasites. Two groups of ectoparasites were recovered consisting of two species of copepods and a monogenean. Endoparasites retrieved were in the larval stage and included one trematode and one nematode species. This study provides new parasite records for O. mossambicus in Mozambique and forms a baseline for monitoring against the presence of ichthyoparasites associated with the introduction in neighbouring systems of non-native fish such as Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758), a fish of worldwide importance in capture fisheries and especially aquaculture.

The Effect of Locus of Control, Leadership Style, and Professional Training on Internal Auditor Performance

This research empirical study was conducted on 9 State-Owned Enterprises in Palembang City, Indonesia with 35 company internal auditors as respondents. This study aims to answer the hypothesis about the influence of Locus of Control, Leadership Style and Professional Training on the performance of internal auditors. The method used is a quantitative method. The results of the study show that locus of control has no significant effect, this means that the source of individual behavior can come from internal and external factors. Individuals with an external locus of control have more limitations in processing information so that their performance is less than optimal. This behavior proves that individual characteristics can affect auditor performance. But in fact obtained from a preliminary survey at PT. Bureau of Classification of Indonesia Bureau stated that this company did not implement a locus of control, which according to this company the locus of control was not related to the performance of the auditors themselves., leadership style has no significant effect, leadership style is a leader's way of influencing other people/subordinates in such a way that the person wants to do the leader's will to achieve organizational goals even though personally it may not be liked but in this study leadership style did not affect the performance of internal auditors. with a negative influence value because state-owned companies have not implemented democratic type leadership behavior, which means that all control is in the hands of company leaders regardless of the opinions and desires of their subordinates and professional training has a significant effect on the performance of internal auditors, meaning the provision of professional training programs will have a greater influence in improving auditor performance. Auditor experience gained through training conducted by the company will increase accuracy and gain new experience in auditing audits. Partially locus of control and leadership style have no significant effect on the performance of internal auditors, while professional training has a significant effect on internal auditor performance.

Gambaran Usia Menarche dan Kejadian Dismenore Primer pada Siswi SMA di Kecamatan Sale Rembang

Adolescent girls who were experiencing menstruation often experienced primary dysmenorrhea. Primary dysmenorrhea can be triggered by early menarche. Based on the preliminary survey that has been carried out, it is known that 80% of high school students in Sale District of Rembang were experiencing primary dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to determine the description between the age of menarche and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in high school students in Sale District of Rembang. The type of research used was observational with a cross sectional approach. Age of menarche was obtained by filling a questionnaire and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea through filling a Numeric Rating Scale questionnaire. The sampling was using simple random sampling techniques with research subjects obtained as many as 59 people. The statistical test used to determine the correlation between variables are a chi-square test. The results of the univariate analysis obtained on the age of early menarche was 27,1% and the female students who were experiencing primary dysmenorrhea was 79,7%. The results of the bivariate analysis on the age of menarche, a p-value of 0,018 (p&lt;0,05) was shown. There was a significant correlation between the age of menarche and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in high school students in Sale District of Rembang. The research suggests that providing counselling about women's reproductive health and the importance of implementing a healthy lifestyle should be given to high school students.

The Relationship of Human Resources Recruitment System in Improving Employee Performance in Hospital Administrative Units

Hospitals are said to be of good quality as evidenced by the performance of hospital administrative officers in hospital services which are supported by a good human resource recruitment system. Based on the preliminary survey, it is known that there are 2 hospital administration officers who have good performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the human resource recruitment system in improving employee performance in the hospital administrative unit. The object of this research is the hospital administration unit. The research used descriptive and quantitative methods and a cross sectional study approach. The population and research samples were taken by total sampling, namely all hospital administration officers at Tunas Harapan Salatiga Hospital as many as 9 respondents. The research instrument used a questionnaire. Quantitative data analysis used the chi-square relationship test. The results of this study were 9 respondents based on the results of the Chi-Square test the significance of the p anatara independent variables, namely the human resource recruitment system with the dependent variable increasing employee performance, the results obtained were 0.03 (p &lt;0.05). Ho was rejected and stated there was a relationship. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between the human resource recruitment system in improving employee performance in the hospital administration unit. Suggestions that the Human Resources department should motivate and update the knowledge of hospital administrative officers to conduct training and it is hoped that for further research, conduct research on all units in the hospital.